LY/T 3085.3-2019Amygdalus pedunculata -- Part 3: Technical regulations for high-yield cultivation (English PDF)

3.1 Climatic conditions

The average annual temperature is >= 4 °C, the average annual sunshine is >= 2876 hours, the frost-free period is >= 150 days, and the annual precipitation is >=.200 mm.

3.2 Site conditions

The thickness of the soil layer is >= 0.6 m, the pH value is 6.5 to 8.5, the soil is loose, the drainage is good, the slope is <= 25 °, and the sun slope.

3.3 Garden planning

Plan and design the garden before planting. The design is based on the construction land, and the roads, shelter forest systems, houses, water circuits, and drying fields are designed.

And so on for comprehensive planning.

4.1 Thorough breed selection

The selected varieties should be selected (recognized) at the provincial level and above (see Appendix A of the "Technical Regulations for Construction of Long-handled Almond Pear Harvesting Plants").

4.2 Land preparation and fertilization

Site preparation shall be carried out in accordance with 8.3 of GB/T 15776. Combined with site preparation, the base fertilizer shall be 3000 kg · 667m-2 ~ 5000 kg · 667m-2.

The formula is executed according to 10.5.

4.3 Planting Point Specifications

The sandy land should be 40 cm × 40 cm × 50 cm, and other soil types should be 40 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm.

4.4 Seedling specifications

Reach seedling standards above Grade II. For seedling standards, see Table 4 in the "Technical Regulations for Breeding Seedlings of Long-handled Almond Complex, Part 2."

4.5 Planting time

Refer to "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear Harvesting Plants in Part 1 of Almond Complex" for implementation in 4.2.3.

4.6 Planting density

2 m × 4 m should be used for artificial cultivation, and 2 m × 5 m ~ 6 m should be used for mechanized cultivation.

4.7 Variety configuration

The pollination tree was selected as the long-stemmed almond variety or variety with the same flowering period and strong pollination affinity as the main planting variety. Main planted species and pollinated species According to the ratio of 8 to 10. 1, it is appropriate to plant 2 to 3 varieties in the same garden. 'Zhongbian 2' and 'Mengbian 1' are suitable as 'Zhongbian 1' and 'Zhongbian No. 3' pollination tree, 'Zhongbian No. 4' and 'Zhongbian No. 2' are suitable as 'Zhongbian No. 5', 'Zhongbian No. 6', and 'Zhongbian No. 7' no.'s pollination tree.

4.8 Planting

Long-handled almond trees should be planted with mud dipped in roots. The mud consists of 0.1% potassium permanganate, 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% zinc fertilizer and final concentration.

Rooting powder with a concentration of 50 mg · kg-1 ~ 60 mg · kg-1, and stir well with clay and appropriate amount of water. Planting method in accordance with GB/T 15776

10.4.2 Implementation.

4.9 Fixed

After planting, it can be set to dry, the fixed height is 40 cm ~ 60 cm.

6.1 Early work

Alfalfa, white elm, wormwood, salvia, habitat, etc. can be intercropped at the young tree stage of the long-almond apricot yield garden.

6.2 Weeding

Weed in time according to growth conditions. Mechanical weeding should be used to control weeds, and herbicides should not be used for weed control.

6.3 Fertilization

6.3.1 Fertilization time and amount

Mechanized application of base fertilizers. The base fertilizers are applied once a year starting from the third year, from late September to early November.

Bio-organic fertilizer, etc. Fertilizer application rate is 3000 kg · 667m-2 ~ 5000 kg · 667m-2.

Mechanized topdressing. From the second year, top dressing is applied three times a year in the Huanghuai River Basin in early March, late April and late June;

In the "North" area, top dressing is applied twice a year, in the beginning of April and early June, with a fertilizer application amount of 30 kg · 667m-2 to 50 kg · 667m-2.

6.3.2 Fertilization methods

The fertilization method is to use a furrowing machine to open a fertilization ditch 25 cm to 30 cm deep under the vertical projection of the canopy, and the thickness of the fertilization is 15 cm to 20 cm.

Put the base fertilizer into the trench and fill the soil with machinery.

6.4 Water management

Huanghuai River Basin. In the first year, water was drenched once within 48 hours after the seedlings were planted, and the crooked seedlings were straightened in time, depending on the soil from April to July Replenish the water in a timely manner, and water the frozen water once in late December; starting in the second year, water it once before spring sprouts, and water it later depending on the soil Water once or twice, frozen water once in late December; "Three North" area. watered once after planting in April in the first year, depending on soil conditions from May to July Replenish water, water the frozen water once in early November; start the second year, water once in the germination period, water one or two times in the growing season depending on soil conditions, 11 Frozen water once a month.

6.5 Plastic Trim

After germination, wipe off the rootstock sprouts, root bud sprouts, and side buds with a fixed stem height of 5 cm to 8 cm, and select 3 to 5 side buds to form skeleton branches.

Cultivate natural round head shape or natural happy tree shape.

6.6 Pest control

It shall be implemented in accordance with 5.4 "Pest Control" in the "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear Harvesting Plants in Part 1 of Almond Complex".

7.1 Harvest timing

Harvest can be performed when the peel turns red or the peeling rate of the peel reaches 25% to 30%.

It should not be harvested when the fog or dew is not dry.

7.2 Collection method

It should be harvested by vibrating tree. It can be harvested by gently knocking down the wooden pole and mechanically shaking the tree body to avoid damage to branches and leaves and flower buds.

7.3 Seed handling and storage

After the fruit is harvested, the flesh is separated from the seed nucleus and dried or dried in time. It can be stored with a hand-cranked sound or the seed kerosene moisture content <=9%.