LY/T 3085.1-2019Technical regulations for cutting orchard establishement of improved Amygdalus pedunculata varieties (English PDF)

3.1 Soil conditions

Select sandy loam or loam with flat terrain, deep soil, good drainage and irrigation conditions, groundwater level below 2 m, and no long-term water accumulation.

The average annual temperature is >=4 ° C, the annual minimum temperature is -30 ° C, the annual precipitation is >=200 mm, the soil pH is 6.5 to 8.4, the total salt content is <=0.25%, and the groundwater is mineralized.

The degree is <=1g · L-1, and the transportation is convenient.

3.2 Area

The area of picking nursery should be determined according to the development plan and scale. Generally,.200,000 to 250,000 graft buds can be produced per 667 m2.

3.3 Varieties

The varieties of ear-harvesting nursery should be selected through provincial (or higher) approval (Appendix A). In accordance with local industrial development plans, Good varieties for regional development.

4.1 Construction method

There are two main ways of constructing long-handled almond picking ear gardens. newly-built ear picking gardens and high-growth excellent picking ear gardens. The same thoroughbred (clone) should be determined Planted in the same field, set up identification plates, register the names (numbers) and quantities of fine varieties, and draw planting maps.

4.2 Newly-built ear picking nursery

4.2.1 Land preparation

Evenly spread 3,000 kg · 667m-2 ~ 5000 kg · 667m-2 of rotten cooked farm manure and biological organic fertilizer.

Provisions are enforced.

4.2.2 Seedling selection

For grafting seedlings to build a garden, the seedling specifications must meet the standards of grade I and grade II fine seedlings (see Part 2 "Longhandled Almond Complex Part 2 Wood breeding technical regulations Table 4).

4.2.3 Planting time

The Huanghuai region is from late November to early December, and the following year is from late February to late March. The "Three North" region is from early April to late April.

4.2.4 Planting density

The row spacing of 1.5 m ~ 2 m should be adopted.

4.2.5 Planting Point Specifications

40 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm specifications should be used.

4.2.6 Planting method

Implemented in accordance with GB/T 15776.

4.2.7 Fixed

After planting, set the stem in time, and the stem height is 40 cm ~ 60 cm.

4.2.8 Management

Water it in time after planting, and replenish the soil moisture in a timely manner depending on the soil conditions throughout the growing season. Replant the dead seedlings in time.

4.3 High picking and excellent picking ear nursery

4.3.1 Rootstock requirements

The forests are neat, the rootstocks are kept intact, and the growth is good, and the density is 2 m × 3 m ~ 3 m × 5 m.

4.3.2 Scion selection

The scion varieties should be selected through the provincial level and above (approved) (see Appendix A). Huanghuai river basin should be grafted in summer. select Lignified, semi-lignified new shoots with good growth and development, full buds and no pests, with a length of 40 cm ~ 50 cm and a stem thickness of 0.4 cm ~ 0.6 cm;

"North" area, it is advisable to graft in spring. The scion should choose a maroon-red color with good growth and development, full buds, and no pests and diseases.

Raw branches with a length of 50 cm ~ 60 cm and a stem thickness of 0.3 cm ~ 0.5 cm.

4.3.3 Scion collection

When scion is collected in summer, it should be watered 2 d ~ 3 d before the scion. It should be collected before 10.00 am or after 16.00.

The leaves should be cut off in time, leaving petioles to protect the young shoots. The scion should be trimmed to a length of 20 cm ~ 30 cm, with 30-50 bundles as a bundle;

Ears are harvested before dormancy in winter or in early spring. The scion should be trimmed to a length of 40 cm to 50 cm, with 30 to 50 roots as a bundle.

Kinds of labels.

4.3.4 Scion storage

After collecting the scion in summer, it should be placed in a bucket vertically. The water has not cut through the cut 1 cm ~ 2 cm. The exposed part is wrapped with a wet towel wrung with water.

It should be used as soon as possible; scions that cannot be grafted in time should be stored at low temperature, and the ambient temperature should be 2 °C ~ 5 °C, relative humidity 60% ~ 70% or put Store in deep water wells below 5 m; the scion for long-distance transportation should be cooled with ice packs, and dry towels should be used to separate them. Winter and spring pick up After the ears were collected, they were sealed with a plastic film and placed in a cold storage at 2 ° C to 5 ° C, stored in a cellar, or stored directly in the sand.

4.3.5 Treatment before grafting

During the dormant period, the selected rootstock was cut off from 40 cm to 60 cm above the ground. Choose sprouts with strong growth and even distribution 3 ~ Four were grown into grafts, and the remaining sprouts were removed. When the base diameter of the sprouts is >= 0.4 cm, grafting is performed. Water was drenched 5 to 7 days before grafting.

4.3.6 Grafting time

The Huanghuai Basin is from late May to early June, and the "Three North" region is from mid April to early May.

4.3.7 Grafting method

Huanghuai river basin should adopt square bud budding, and "Three North" region should use wood budding. 3 d ~ 4 d before watering the ground is 10 cm to 15 cm, the cut is smooth, the layers are aligned, and the binding straps are tight.

4.3.8 Management after Grafting

7 to 10 d after grafting in the Huanghuai River Basin, and 15 to d after grafting in the "Three North" region, leaving 1 or 2 leaf shearing anvils above the grafting interface.

Wipe the buds. After the grafted buds grow to 6 cm ~ 8 cm, cut the anvil a second time above the buds of the grafting interface and remove the buds in time.

5.1 Water management

Huanghuai Basin, the first year and the second year, watering after planting in March, watering once a month in April to July depending on the soil moisture condition, late December Pouring frozen water once; beginning in the third year, watering once in March, 2 to 3 times in May and August, and freezing water once in late December; "Three North" in areas, the first and second years, watering after planting in April, watering once a month from May to July depending on the soil moisture conditions, watering once in early November Frozen water; starting in the third year, watering once in April, watering once or twice in June to July depending on soil moisture conditions, and freezing water once in early November.

5.2 Fertilization

5.2.1 Base fertilizer

Starting from the third year, the base fertilizer is applied once a year. The type is biological organic fertilizer and rotten farm manure. The fertilizer application rate is 3000 kg · 667m-2 ~ 5000.

kg · 667m-2. The fertilization time was from mid-November to mid-December in the Huanghuai River Basin, and from mid-October to mid-November in the "Three North Region".

5.2.2 Topdressing

Starting from the second year, the Huanghuai Basin was topdressed twice a year, from mid-April to late June. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were applied at 30 kg · 667m-2 ~ 50.

kg · 667m-2; "Three North" areas, top dressing once a year for the middle and late June.

5.3 Weeding

Weed in time during the growing season.

5.4 Pest control

If the newly-built garden is soil for continuous cropping or heavy cropping of corn and other crops, soil disinfection should be carried out. 50% carbendazim wettable powder should be sprayed, or 65% mancozeb zinc wettable powder 500 ~ 600 times liquid, add 50% zinc parathion EC or 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times liquid, mix and spray as you spray, kill Insect sterilization. For heavy soil, an aqueous ferrous sulfate solution with a concentration of 1% to 3% should be used, and the amount of 4.5 kg · m-2 should be sprayed evenly on the bed.

d ~ 7 d sowing. Before rebuilding the garden, the ploughed field shall be turned over, the dead leaves and leaves shall be cleaned, the branches and leaves endangered by diseases and insects, and the trunk shall be painted white.

Common pests include powdery mildew, sting moths, aphids, scarabs, rabbits, crickets, ground tigers, etc. The rational use of pesticides is in accordance with GB/T 8321, NY/T 1276, LY/T 2842 implementation.