LY/T 3085.2-2019Technical regulations for propagation of improved Amygdalus pedunculata varieties (English PDF)

3.1 Field selection

The average annual temperature of the garden is 4 °C ~ 16 °C, the annual minimum temperature is >=-30°C, the annual average sunshine duration is >=2876 h, the frost-free period is >=150 d, and the slope is <= 3 °.

The method of field selection is implemented in accordance with 1.1 and 1.2 of GB/T 6001.

3.2 Soil disinfection

It shall be implemented in accordance with Part 5.4, "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear-harvesting Plants in Part 1 of Almond Complex", "Pest Control".

3.3 Site preparation

3.3.1 Land preparation

Apply 3,000 kg to 5000 kg of biological organic fertilizer and 50 kg to 80 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer per 667 m2 as the bottom fertilizer.

cm ~ 30 cm, land preparation method shall be implemented in accordance with 3.1 of GB/T 6001.

3.3.2 Making a bed

The bed making method shall be implemented in accordance with 5 regulations of GB/T 6001.

3.4 Rootstock seedling cultivation

3.4.1 Seed Collection

3.4.1.1 Planting mother trees

It is better to choose a mother tree with strong growth, high yield, stable yield, full seed kernels, and no pests and diseases.

3.4.1.2 Seeding time

The fruits are picked when they are fully mature. The Huanghuai Basin is in early and mid-June, and the "Three North" region is in early and mid-July.

3.4.1.3 Post-harvest treatment

After the fruit is collected, the flesh is removed in time. The seeds should be placed in a cool, dry, ventilated place and spread evenly in a natural wind with a thickness of 1 cm ~ 2 cm Dry, avoid exposure, seed moisture content <= 9%, store in a dry, cool, ventilated warehouse to prevent rodents, etc., check regularly.

3.4.2 Seed Grading

Grade I and grade II seeds should be selected, see Table 1.

Table 1 Quality grading standards for almond seeds

Grade II

Seed moisture content not higher than(%) Clarity is not Below% Germination rate not lower than% Vitality not lower than% not good Below% Clarity is not low to% Germination rate is not Below% not viable Below% not good Below% 99 85 90 95 99 80 85 90 9

3.4.3 Seed processing

In the Huanghuai region, the sand should be germinated. 20 to 40 d before sowing, soak the seeds with water for 3 d to 5 d. According to the ratio of seeds to river sand 1. 3 in the case of sand storage after mixing, the humidity of the sand is maintained at 55% ~ 60%, the thickness is 50 cm ~ 60 cm, and the sand exposure rate of the seed nucleus for 20 days to 25 days is more than 30% when sowing. In the "Sanbei" area, it is appropriate to soak seeds in sand to promote germination. 25 d ~ 30 d before sowing, soaking seeds in warm water at 28 °C ~ 30 °C for 2 days Change the water every day, mix the seeds and river sand at a ratio of 1. 3 ~ 5, and hide in the sand. The humidity of the sand is maintained at 55% ~ 60%, and the seed nucleus exposure rate is more than 30%.

When sowing.

3.4.4 Seeding

3.4.4.1 Time

The Huanghuai River Basin live broadcast time is from late November to late December, and the germination seeds are sown from late February to mid March; warm water is used in the "Three North" region.

Seeds soaked and germinated were sown from early April to late April.

3.4.4.2 Method

When the seeds are sowed in spring, the nursery should be irrigated with enough bottom water, and ditched on-demand.

3 cm ~ 5 cm, seeding rate is 300 kg · hm-2 (grade I seed) ~ 450 kg · hm-2 (grade II seed), and the thickness of soil cover is 4 cm ~ 6 cm.

3.4.4.3 Post broadcast management

It shall be implemented in accordance with Section 4.3.4 "Scion Storage" of the "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Harvesting Plants in Part 1 of Almond Complex".

3.5.4 Grafting time

It shall be implemented in accordance with Section 4.3.6 "Grafting Time" of Part 1 "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear Harvesting Plants in Part 1 of Almond Complex".

3.5.5 Grafting method

It shall be implemented in accordance with Section 4.3.7, "Grafting Method" of Section 1 "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear Harvesting Plants in Section 1 of Almond Complex.

3.5.6 Management after Grafting

It shall be implemented in accordance with Section 4.3.8, "Management after Grafting", in the first section "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear Harvesting Plants in Section 1 of Almond Complex".

3.5.7 Water and fertilizer management

Micro-spray should be used for seedling irrigation. Water should be irrigated once every 2 d to 3 d before summer grafting, and replenished in time 5 d to 7 d after grafting, refer to 3.4.5.3.

4.1 Cutting Collection and Storage

4.1.1 Collection and storage of hard cuttings

It is suitable to collect strong spikes on the mother tree in the ear-harvesting nursery or annual strong branches on young and mature trees. After collection, place them in the indoor sand.

Or kiln. The hard cutting cuttings of class I and II should be selected. See Table 2 for standards.

Table 2 Hardwood cuttings classification standards

Level I II

The basic indicators are fully lignified, the color is normal, there is no mechanical damage, and no diseases and insect pests.

Ear length (cm) >=50 >=40 Stem thickness (cm) >=0.4 >=0.3

4.1.2 Collection and storage of tender cuttings

It is better to choose cuttings for the upper and lower, young, semi-lignified branches of the growing young mother tree. The suitable period for ear picking is below May Collected in the morning, evening or overcast from early June to early June. After cutting off the leaves from the cut branches, put them in a bucket immediately and keep them fresh in the shade. Grade I, the cuttings of grade II shoots are used as soon as they are picked. The standards are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Grading standards for cuttings of long-handled almond

Level I II

The basic indicators are semi-lignization, normal color, no mechanical damage, and no pests.

Ear length (cm) >=40 >=30 Stem thickness (cm) >=0.3 >=0.2

4.2 Cutting time and method

4.2.1 Cutting time

Hard cuttings should be carried out after thawing the soil in early spring; young cuttings should be carried out from late May to mid June, before 9.00 am and 17.00 pm Later or on cloudy days.

4.2.2 Cutting method

For cuttings with hard branches, cuttings should be cut into 8 cm ~ 10 cm cuttings, and dipped in 30S with 800 mg · L-1 IBA; cuttings with young branches Cuttings with a length of 6 cm ~ 8 cm were cut and treated in IBA at 1500 mg · L-1 for 10 min ~ 12 min. Cuttings inserted into perlite and peat soil after treatment in the matrix prepared according to the ratio of 3 to 4. 1, the cutting depth was 4 cm to 6 cm, and the spacing was 8 cm to 10 cm.

4.3 Management after cutting

Cuttings should be carried out in protected areas. After cutting, it is advisable to control the amount of light transmission by 30% ~ 50%, the temperature is between 20 °C ~ 25 °C, and the humidity is controlled at 90% in the early stage.

Above, the middle and late period is 65% ~ 80%. Weed control should be based on the principles of early, small, and except, and it is not advisable to use herbicides.

5.1 Explant selection

The explants should be selected as the good seed (see Appendix A) approved by the provincial level and above (see Appendix A) or the stem segment of the current year's branch of the excellent clone.

5.2 Explant sterilization

Rinse the harvested explants with water for 10 to 15 minutes, disinfect the surface with 75% ethanol for 30 s, and then sterilize with 0.1% mercury 3 from min to 13 min, the stem tip was stripped to cut the stem segment, which contained 1 to 2 buds in length.

5.3 Proliferation culture

The proliferation medium was MS 6-BA 0.3 mg · L-1 IBA 0.5 mg · L-1. Inoculate 4 to 10 stem segments per bottle. After inoculation, use sterile cotton wool or Cover and seal the petri dish with sterile tape for primary culture. Culture conditions. ambient temperature 20 °C ~ 28 °C, light intensity is 4000 µmol · m-2 · s-1 is appropriate, and the photoperiod is 12 h/12 h. Proliferation and culture for 30 d to 35 d induce the formation of cluster buds.

5.4 Strong seedling cultivation

The seedling medium was MS 0.4 mg · L-1 6-BA 0.55 mg · L-1 IBA 0.30 mg · L-1 NAA. Culture conditions. ambient temperature 20 ° C ~ 28 ° C, light intensity of 4000 µmol · m2 · s1 is suitable, photoperiod is 12 h/12 h, and culture period is 20 d ~ 25 d.

5.5 Rooting culture

Induced rooting should be carried out in a two-step method, that is, the seedlings are first cultured in a 1/2 MS IBA 80 mg · L-1 medium for 5 days in the dark and then cultured for 4 days.

The auxin 1/2 MS medium was light cultured, and the rooting culture was dark-treated, and cultured for 30 d to 35 d.

5.6 Training and transplanting

5.6.1 Refining

The tissue culture seedling container is opened from the cultivation room to the indoor natural light for 3 days, and the temperature is 20 °C ~ 25 °C.

In 1882, "7.4 Tissue Culture Seedling Refining" was implemented.

5.6.2 Transplanting

Remove the tissue culture seedlings from the culture flask with tweezers, rinse the culture medium attached to the roots with water, and transplant them according to "7.5 in LY/T 1882" Tissue culture seedling transplantation "is performed. The container specifications are non-woven fabric or film with a diameter of 5.0 cm ~ 6.0 cm and a height of 10.0 cm ~ 12.0 cm. The transplanting depth is slightly Above the media position.

5.7 Management after transplanting

5.7.1 Water management

Sprinkler irrigation should be used to replenish moisture. Immediately after the transplant, drench the water, and then replenish the water according to the soil conditions in time to maintain the relative humidity of the air.

90% ~ 95%, shading within 7 days of transplanting, and maintain proper ventilation.

5.7.2 Fertilization management

After the seedlings have grown functional leaves, spray a fertilizer solution at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.01% at regular intervals every 10 d to 15 d. Urea is used in the early growth stage it is advisable to use compound fertilizer at the later stage of growth.

5.7.3 Pest control

It shall be implemented in accordance with Part 5.4, "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear-harvesting Plants in Part 1 of Almond Complex", "Pest Control".