LY/T 1840-2009Technology regulations of vegetation restoration in karst zone (English PDF)
喀斯特石漠化地区植被恢复技术规程
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Issued by
State Forestry and Grassland Administration
Level / Type
National · Recommended
Issue date
March 30, 2020
Implementation date
October 1, 2020
Scope
LY/T 1840-2009 is the English-translated version of 喀斯特石漠化地区植被恢复技术规程.
LY/T 1840-2009 — 1.1 This standard specifies the definition, classification and classification of land rocky desertification related to vegetation restoration in karst areas in my country, as well as the principles of vegetation restoration.
Rules, vegetation restoration methods, artificial afforestation, closure of mountains for afforestation, inspection and acceptance, and technical file establishment, etc. and related requirements.
1.2 This standard is applicable to the vegetation restoration of rocky desertified land in tropical and subtropical karst areas in my country.
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Document preview — LY/T 1840-2009
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
- ICS
- 65.020.40
- Classification
- B 65
- Replacing
- LY/T 1840-2009
Issued by: State Forestry and Grassland Administration
Contents
- Foreword
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Classification and classification of rocky desertification
- 4.1 China's rocky desertification regionalization
- 4.2 Land Classification
- 4.3 Classification of rocky desertification degree
- 5 Principles of vegetation restoration
- 6 Vegetation restoration methods
- 7 Plantation
- 7.1 Afforestation investigation and operation design
- 7.2 Principles for tree species selection
- 7.3 Seeds and seedlings
- 7.4 Afforestation and land preparation
- 7.5 Afforestation season
- 7.6 Afforestation density
- 7.7 Afforestation
- 7.8 Plant configuration
- 7.9 Young Forest Management and Protection
- 8 Closing hills for forest and grass cultivation
- 8.1 Artificial promotion of mountain closures for afforestation
- 8.2 Closing hills for afforestation and grass cultivation
- 9 Inspection and acceptance
- 10 Technical file creation
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces LY/T 1840-2009 "Technical Regulations for Vegetation Restoration in Karst Rocky Desertification Areas". Main techniques except for editorial changes the changes are as follows.
-Modified the scope of application of the standard (see 1.2);
- Modified normative reference documents (see 2);
-Modified the definition of Karst (see 3.1);
-Revised the principles of vegetation restoration (see 5);
-Modify the principles of seed use (see 7.3.1);
-Revised the principles for the use of seedlings (see 7.3.2);
- Modified afforestation density (see 7.6);
-Deleted the related content of facility forestry and intensive economic forest (see 2009 version 7.9.4);
-Added Appendix C species and listed the corresponding Latin in Appendix D (see Appendix C, D).
This standard was proposed by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Standardization Technical Committee for Desert Control (SAC/TC 365).
The units responsible for drafting this standard. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guizhou Forestry Research Institute Research Institute, Puding County Forestry Technology Extension Station, Guangzhou Greening Company.
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the definition, classification and classification of land rocky desertification related to vegetation restoration in karst areas in my country, as well as the principles of vegetation restoration.
Rules, vegetation restoration methods, artificial afforestation, closure of mountains for afforestation, inspection and acceptance, and technical file establishment, etc. and related requirements.
1.2 This standard is applicable to the vegetation restoration of rocky desertified land in tropical and subtropical karst areas in my country.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 2772 Forest Seed Inspection Regulations GB 6000 Seedling quality classification of main afforestation tree species GB 7908 Forest Seed Quality Classification GB/T 15163 Technical Regulations for Closing Hills (sand) for Forestation GB/T 15776 Technical Regulations for Afforestation GB/T 18337 Ecological public welfare forest construction (all parts) LY/T 2829 Technical Regulations for Afforestation of Rocky Desertification Mountain Economic Forest
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
Karst
Karst is also called karst. The dissolution of rocks caused by the combined action of water and CO2 on soluble rocks such as carbonate rocks is called karst operations.
This effect and the resulting landforms are collectively called karst.
Rocky desertification Under the natural background of karst development in tropical and subtropical humid and semi-humid areas in my country, due to the interference of natural and human activities, land Surface vegetation is destroyed, causing serious soil erosion, large areas of bedrock are exposed, gravel accumulation, land productivity decline or even loss, the surface is the phenomenon of land degradation and even disappearance of desertified landscape.
Rock desertification rate the rocky desertification rate refers to the proportion of the surface rock area that is not covered by vegetation in a unit area.
Seasonal karst rock desertification the rate of rocky desertification in rocky desertification shows seasonal fluctuations.
4 Classification and classification of rocky desertification
4.1 China's rocky desertification regionalization
According to the characteristics of karst distribution, zonal climate, geomorphology and karst geomorphology in my country, the tropical and subtropical karst the rocky desertification area in the special area is divided into 4 first-level division units and 13 second-level division units, see Appendix Table A.1.
4.2 Land Classification
The land in the karst area is divided into two categories. rocky desertification land and non-rocky desertification land.
4.2.1 Rocky desertification land
Rocky desertification land is defined as the rocky bareness >=30% and meets one of the following conditions.
a) Woodland and shrubland where the comprehensive vegetation coverage is less than 50%;
b) Grassland with comprehensive vegetation coverage < 70%;
c) Unforested afforestation land, sparse forest land, non-standing forest land, suitable forest land, unused land;
d) Non-terraced dry land.
4.2.2 Land without rocky desertification
Non-rocky desertification land is divided into potential rocky desertification land and non-rocky desertification land.
4.2.2.1 Potential rocky desertification land
The rock exposure degree is >=30% and meets one of the following conditions as potential rocky desertification land.
a) Woodland and shrubland with comprehensive vegetation coverage >=50%;
b) Pastures with comprehensive vegetation coverage >=70%;
c) Terraced dry land.
4.2.2.2 Non-rocky desertification land
Those that meet one of the following conditions are non-rocky desertification land.
a) Forest land, shrub forest land, sparse forest land, unfforested land, non-standing forest land, and suitable forest land with rock exposure less than 30%; dry land;
Grassland; unused land;
b) Forest land such as nursery land and forest auxiliary production land; paddy field; construction land; water area.
4.3 Classification of rocky desertification degree
The degree of rocky desertification is divided into four levels. mild rocky desertification (I), moderate rocky desertification (II), severe rocky desertification (III) and extremely severe rocky desertification (IV).
4.3.1 Evaluation factors and indicators of rocky desertification degree
The evaluation factors of rocky desertification degree include rock exposure, vegetation type, comprehensive vegetation coverage and soil thickness.
The factors and scoring standards of rocky desertification are shown in Appendix Table B.1.
4.3.2 Evaluation standard of rocky desertification degree
The classification and evaluation standards of rocky desertification are as follows.
a) Slight rocky desertification (I). the sum of the scores of each index <=45;
b) Moderate rocky desertification (II). The sum of the scores of each index is 46-60;
c) Severe rocky desertification (III). The sum of the scores of each index is 61~75;
d) Extremely severe rocky desertification (IV). the sum of the scores of each index >75.
5 Principles of vegetation restoration
Vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas should adhere to the following principles.
a) Adapt measures to local conditions and adapt to the tree.
b) Prioritize ecological benefits, taking into account economic and social benefits.
c) According to different degrees of rocky desertification, choose different vegetation restoration methods for hierarchical management.
d) Protect the original vegetation and achieve sustainable development.
e) Mainly native tree species, combining arbor, shrub and grass, and mixed afforestation.
6 Vegetation restoration methods
6.1 Vegetation restoration methods are artificial afforestation and closing hills for afforestation.
6.2 Choose the vegetation restoration method according to the degree of rocky desertification.
a) Areas with slight rocky desertification. mainly artificially created characteristic ecological economic forests.
b) Areas with moderate rocky desertification. In suitable areas with a slope of less than 25°, the cultivation of eco-economic forests is the main focus; areas with a slope greater than 25° Mainly build ecological forests such as water conservation forests and soil and water conservation forests.
c) Severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas. mainly close hills for afforestation, supplemented by artificial afforestation, establish water conservation forests, water and soil conservation forests, etc.
Ecological forest.
7 Plantation
7.1 Afforestation investigation and operation design
The investigation and job design steps are as follows.
a) The division of small classes or construction plots should be based on the degree of rocky desertification. Site types with the same degree of rocky desertification are divided into small classes.
b) The afforestation operation design is based on small groups or construction plots with the same degree of rocky desertification.
c) Afforestation investigation and operation design shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T 15776.
7.2 Principles for tree species selection
The selection of tree species follows the following basic principles.
a) The principle of zonality. According to different regions, select suitable afforestation tree species, so as to be suitable for the land and trees.
b) The principle of balancing ecological and economic benefits. focus on ecological tree species, and appropriately select economic tree species or both ecological and economical tree species.
c) Diversity principle. Choose multiple tree species for afforestation.
d) Priority principle of native tree species. mainly native tree species (see Appendix C, Appendix D), adapt to the drought and high calcium environment in the karst area.
7.3 Seeds and seedlings
7.3.1 Seeds
The use of seeds follows the following principles.
a) Priority is given to the selection of seeds produced by good seed sources and good seed bases. If there is no good seed base conditions, good individual plant seeds from good forests can be selected.
b) It is forbidden to use seeds, seedlings and other propagation materials with forest plant quarantine objects.
c) The quality of forest tree seeds meets the seed quality standards specified in GB 7908 or local standards.
d) Forest tree seed quality inspection shall be implemented according to GB 2772.
7.3.2 Seedlings
The quality of seedlings is in accordance with GB 6000 or local seedling quality standards.
7.4 Afforestation and land preparation
7.4.1 Site preparation method
Adopt flexible and diverse soil preparation methods. Use cave-shaped soil preparation in the lower part of the rocky mountain, high soil coverage, gentle slopes or valleys.
The upper steep slope section adopts a combination of cave-like site preparation and fish-scale pit site preparation.
7.4.2 Site preparation specifications
Cave-shaped site preparation, with a diameter of 30 cm~60 cm and a depth of 30 cm~50 cm.
7.4.3 Site preparation time
Complete land preparation and backfill topsoil 10 to 15 days before afforestation.
7.5 Afforestation season
7.5.1 Winter afforestation
Arrange afforestation in a timely manner according to the phenological period of the tree species, which should be completed before the trees germinate, and should be carried out as soon as possible when the soil moisture is good. There are frozen areas in Arrange for afforestation after the soil is thawed.
7.5.2 Afforestation in rainy season
a) Pay attention to the dynamics of rain in planting and afforestation, and planting and afforestation in time when the rainy season is approaching.
b) When afforestation of container seedlings and bare-root seedlings, pay attention to the dynamics of rain, and afforest in time after the rain has penetrated the soil in the rainy season.
7.6 Afforestation density
Determine the afforestation density according to the cultivation goals, site conditions, and forest types.
a) Ecological forests shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T 18337 (all parts);
b) Eco-economic forest shall be implemented according to LY/T 2829;
c) Other forest species shall be implemented according to GB/T 15776;
d) Promote close planting without affecting growth.
7.7 Afforestation
a) According to GB/T 15776.
b) It is recommended to use new technologies such as rooting powder and water retention agent to treat seedlings.
c) To dig small holes for live afforestation.
7.8 Plant configuration
7.8.1 Build mixed forest.
7.8.2 Select the appropriate mixing method according to the biological characteristics of the tree species and site conditions.
7.8.3 Promote mixing of trees, shrubs and grass (vines).
7.8.4 In areas with severe soil erosion, increase the proportion of shrub species and grass species.
7.8.5 In areas with severe seasonal rocky desertification, increase the proportion of evergreen tree species.
7.9 Young Forest Management and Protection
7.9.1 Loose soil and cut grass
Loosen the soil and cut grass in time to retain the original vegetation without affecting the growth of young trees. Loosen the soil in the hole continuously for 2 to 3 a, 1 per year Times ~ 2 times.
7.9.2 Replanting and reseeding
The afforestation land where the afforestation survival rate is unqualified shall be replanted and replanted in time.
7.9.3 Pest control
Do a good job in the management and protection of afforestation land and forest pest control.
8 Closing hills for forest and grass cultivation
8.1 Artificial promotion of mountain closures for afforestation
In severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas where the sum of vegetation type and comprehensive vegetation coverage factor index is greater than 13, less than 26 Work to promote the closure of hills for afforestation.
8.2 Closing hills for afforestation and grass cultivation
In areas with severe and extremely severe rocky desertification, areas where the comprehensive vegetation coverage is between 30% and 70% shall be fully enclosed for forest and grass cultivation, according to GB/T 15163 execution.
9 Inspection and acceptance
According to GB/T 15776.
10 Technical file creation
According to GB/T 15776.
Appendix A
(Normative appendix) China's Rocky Desertification Regionalization System BB Appendix B (Normative appendix) Rocky desertification evaluation factors and scoring standards CC Appendix C (Informative appendix) Reference Species of Artificial Afforestation in Karst Rocky Desertification Area Appendix D (Informative appendix) Latin for Reference Species of Plantation in Karst Rocky Desertification Area
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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 9 pages — is available in the English PDF.
Referenced standards
Normative references
- GB 2772Rules for forest tree seed testing
- GB 6000Stock quality grading of major tree species for afforestation
- GB 7908Classification of forest tree seed quality
- GB/T 15163Technical regulations for setting apart hills including sand area for tree growing
- GB/T 15776Technical regulations for afforestation
GB/T 18337
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Related Standards
GB 2772-1999 — Rules for forest tree seed testing
GB 6000-1999 — Tree seedling quality grading of major species for afforestation
GB 6000-2026 — Stock quality grading of major tree species for afforestation
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