GB/T 5137.1-2020Test methods of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles - Part 1: Mechanical properties tests

Foreword

GB/T 5137 "Test methods of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles" is divided into 5 parts:

- Part 1: Mechanical properties tests;

- Part 2: Optical properties tests;

- Part 4: Determination of solar characteristic;

- Part 5: Resistant-to-chemical and resistant-to-temperature changes test.

This Part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.

This Part replaces GB/T 5137.1-2002 "Test methods of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles - Part 1: Mechanical properties tests". Compared with GB/T 5137.1- 2002, in addition to editorial changes, the main technical changes of this Part are as follows:

- ADD the placement requirements for plastic materials before testing (see Table 1

- ADD the impact height requirement to the steel ball test (see Table 2 of 5.4.1, resistance test (see 7.2.1; 7.2.2 of the 2002 edition);

- ADD head-form impact test with deceleration measurement (see 9.2);

- ADD cross-cut test (see Clause 10);

- ADD flexibility and folding test (see Clause 11).

This Part uses the redraft law to modify and adopt ISO 3537:2015 "Road vehicles - Safety glazing materials - Mechanical tests".

Compared with ISO 3537:2015, this Part has a lot of adjustments in structure. Annex A lists the comparison table for clause-subclause number of this Part and ISO 3537:2015.

There are technical differences between this Part and ISO 3537:2015. The clauses involved in these differences have been marked by a vertical single line (|) at the blank of the outer margin. Annex B gives a table of corresponding technical differences and their causes.

This Part was proposed by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the PRC.

This Part shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization (SAC/TC 114).

Drafting organizations of this Part: China Building Material Test & Certification Group Co., Ltd., Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Tiemao Glass Co., Ltd., Shentong Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., AGC Automotive (China) Co., Ltd., Xinyi Automobile Glass (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Covestro (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd., Momentive Performance Materials (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., Kangde Xin Optical Film Materials (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Nanjing Anda Glass Technology Co., Ltd., Xinyi Auto Parts (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Dongguan Benson Automobile Glass Co., Ltd., National Safety Glass and Quartz Glass Quality Supervision and Inspection Center.

Main drafters of this Part: Huang Xiaolou, Wu Huiting, Miao Xiangyang, Wang Jingjing, Bao Ji, Du Dayan, Han Guofang, Wang Yinmao, Wang Chenglin, An Yongfeng, Yang Jianjun, Zhu Rong, Liang Hao, Wang Yao, Zhang Jianjun, Li Na, Zhang Jiangyan, Lu Can, Yan Min.

The previous editions of the standard replaced by this Part were released as follows:

1 Scope

This Part of GB/T 5137 specifies the test methods for impact resistance test, penetration resistance test, abrasion resistance test, fragmentation test, headform impact test, cross-cut test, and flexibility and folding test of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles.

This Part applies to the tests of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition (including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.

3 Terms and definitions

4 Test conditions

Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be carried out under the following ambient conditions:

5 Impact resistance test (227 g steel ball test)

5.2 Test devices and apparatus

5.2.2 Means for dropping

Means for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified. When the impact height is less than or equal to 6 m, the impact point of the steel ball shall be within a circle with a radius of 25 mm at the center of the sample. When the impact height is greater than 6 m, the impact point of the steel ball shall be within a circle with a radius of 50 mm at the center of the sample.

5.2.3 Sample supporting fixture

It consists of three parts: the upper frame, the lower frame, and the steel box; which are all square, as shown in Figure 1. Two steel frames; the wall thickness is 15 mm; the height is 23 mm. The contact surface is machined and attached with a rubber gasket, with a thickness of 3 mm±0.5 mm, a width of 15 mm±1 mm, and a hardness of Shore A (50±5). The sample is located between the upper and lower frames.

The lower frame is above the steel box. The steel box is welded by 12 mm thick steel bottom sheet and 10 mm thick side sheet; is placed on the ground, which is cushioned with a rubber sheet with thickness 3 mm±0.5 mm and hardness Shore A (50±5).

5.2.4 Balance

Balance with an accuracy of at least 0.1 g.

5.3 Sample

USE the special flat test piece prepared under the same material and process conditions as the product or the test piece cut from the flattest part of the product AS the sample. The size is mm× mm. When applicable, the product can also be a sample. See Table 1 for sample pretreatment requirements. […]

5.4 Test procedure

5.4.1 Impact height

The impact height of different samples is shown in Table 2.

The impact height is calculated by difference.

When the impact height is <4000 mm, the tolerance is (0, +5)mm. When ≥4000 mm, the tolerance is (0, +25)mm.

6 Penetration resistance test (2260 g steel ball test)

6.1 Test purpose

Evaluation of the penetration resistance of the safety glazing material.

6.2 Test devices

6.2.1 Steel ball

Hardened steel ball, with a mass of 2260 g±20 g and a diameter of approximately 82 mm.

6.2.2 Means for dropping

Means for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified. The impact point of the steel ball shall be within a circle with a radius of 25 mm at the center of the sample.

6.3 Sample

USE the special flat test piece prepared under the same material and process conditions as the product or the test piece cut from the flattest part of the product AS the sample. The size is mm× mm. When applicable, the product can also be a sample.

Before the test, the laminated glass test sample shall be placed at a temperature of 20 °C±5 °C and a relative humidity of 40%~80% for at least 4 h. The sample of plasticglass composite material shall be placed at a temperature of 23 °C±2 °C and a relative humidity of 45%~55% for at least 48 h. The sample of plastic-glass composite material shall be tested within 30 s of leaving the placement condition.

7 Abrasion resistance test

7.1 Test purpose

Determination of whether the safety glazing material has a certain minimum resistance to abrasion at ambient temperature.

7.2 Test devices

turntable shall rotate steadily and be kept on a horizontal surface. The runout of the end face at 1.6 mm from the periphery of the turntable shall be no more than ±0.05 mm. Its speed is 55 r/min~75 r/min. rotating on a ball bearing horizontal spindle. The distance between the inner surfaces of the two abrasive wheels is (52.4±1.0)mm (corresponding to the centerline distance 65.1 mm between the two abrasive wheels). The horizontal offset distance between the centerline of the two abrasive wheel spindles and the axis of the rotary table is (19.05±0.30)mm, as shown in Figure 2b). If there are no other special requirements, the load mass of each abrasive wheel on the sample is 500 g. The hardness of the abrasive wheel is Shore A (81±5), which is a column composed of abrasive particles such as alumina and silicon carbide and elastic binder. The abrasive particle size shall be 20 μm~120 μm and evenly distributed in the elastic binder. Each wheel shall be moulded to a hub which includes a hole (16.0±0.1)mm, allowing the wheels to be mounted to the flange holder on the abraser arms. The sides of the wheels shall be parallel, with a width of 12.7 mm±0.3 mm and an outer diameter of 44.4 mm~52.5 mm. Figure 2b) shows the effective load of the abrasive wheel on the sample, the distance of the symmetry plane of the abrasive wheel, and the offset of the abrasive wheel from the axis of the rotary table (The value is rounded to an integer). The abrasive wheel shall be flat on the sample over the entire width. […]

7.3 Ambient conditions for test

The test shall be conducted under the following ambient conditions:

8 Fragmentation test

8.1 Test purpose

Assessment of the nature of fragmentation resulting from the fracture of tempered glass.

8.2 Test devices

Instrument capable of causing the glazing material to break from the impacted surface, such as a hammer with a pointed head or other equivalent tools. The radius of curvature of the pointed head shall be 0.2 mm±0.05 mm.

8.3 Sample

8.5 Test procedure

8.5.1 The sample shall not be rigidly fixed; but measures shall be taken to ensure that the fragments do not fall or splash after breaking. It is possible to fix the sample tightly on top of second sample of the same shape and dimensions by means of transparent adhesive tape around the periphery.

8.5.2 IMPACT the impact point of the sample to break it.

8.5.3 Within 10 s to 3 min after the impact, use the photographic paper method or other effective measures to complete the retention record of the fragmentation. Retention measures shall ensure the counting accuracy and the accurate identification of the maximum area of fragments.

8.5.4 The area of 20 mm around the sample and 75 mm radius around the impact point is the non-evaluation area. In the evaluation area, count the minimum number of fragments within the range of 50 mm×50 mm. Fragment, which extends beyond the side of the counting area, is counted as half piece. RECORD whether there are fragments with an area of more than 3 cm2 and the length of the longest strip fragment. If the fragment exceeds the evaluation area, the area and length of the fragment in the evaluation area are measured only. For the strip fragments, also record whether their tips are blade-shaped. If it enters the 20 mm area of the sample edge, is the angle between itself or its extension and the edge of the sample greater than 45°.

9 Head-form impact test

9.1 Head-form impact test without deceleration measurement

9.1.1 Test devices

9.1.1.1 Head-form

Head-form, a spherical or semi-spherical head made of laminated hard wood covered with replaceable felt cover and a cross-beam made of wood. The thickness of the felt cap is 5 mm±1 mm. Between the spherical part and the cross-beam, there is a neckshaped intermediate piece and on the other side of the cross-beam, a mounting rod. The total mass of the head-form is 10 kg±0.2 kg. Its dimensions are shown in Figure 5.

9.1.1.3 Sample supporting fixture

The supporting fixture for the flat test piece is shown in Figure 6. The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined edges, 50 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets 3 mm±0.5 mm thick, and 15 mm±1 mm wide, of hardness Shore A (70±5). The sample is located between the two steel frames. The upper frame is pressed against the lower frame by at least eight bolts; the minimum recommended torque for M20 bolts is 30 Nm. Alternatively, other pressing techniques can be used. The support shall rest on a rigid stand with a sheet of rubber, of hardness Shore A (70±5) and 3 mm±0.5 mm thick, placed in between.

The supporting fixture for the product is composed of a rigid support that is consistent with the product shape. The supporting surface is covered with a layer of rubber gasket with a thickness of 3 mm±0.5 mm, a width of 15 mm±1 mm, and a hardness of Shore A (70±5). In the case of curved samples, it shall make sure that the sample can fully contact the edge of the supporting fixture. The support shall rest on a rigid stand with a sheet of rubber, of hardness Shore A (70±5) and 3 mm±0.5 mm thick, placed in between.

9.1.3 Test procedure

9.2 Head-form impact test with deceleration measurement

9.2.2 Test devices

9.2.2.4 Sample supporting fixture

The sample supporting fixture is the same as 9.1.1.3. […]

10 Cross-cut test

10.1 Test purpose

Determine the adhesive properties of the coating to the substrate material.

10.3 Sample

The sample can be any shape, flat or curved; but it must be of sufficient size to meet the cutting needs of 10.4.

10.4 Test steps

speed of the cutting tool shall be 2 cm/s~5 cm/s. The guide blade shall evenly contact the sample surface. The cutting line formed by the two guide blades is not within the evaluation scope; is only used to correct the operation of the tool.

10.4.2 After cutting, use a soft bristle brush to gently brush 5 times diagonally; use a magnifying glass to check the scratches, to confirm that the coating has been cut through. The test shall be conducted in at least two different areas of the sample.

10.4.3 USE a magnifying glass to check the grid and record the result. If the cutting line is completely smooth, and there is no coating separation, the cutting value is recorded as Gt0. If a small number of coating fragments fall off at the intersection, and the exposed area accounts for about 5% of the entire grid, the cutting value is Gt1. According to Table 9, the grading of the shedding of a larger area is between Gt2~Gt5.

11 Flexibility and folding test

11.2 Ambient conditions for test

The ambient conditions for the test are as follows:

11.3 Sample