GB/T 45813-2025Paper machinery — Safety requirements (English PDF)

3.1 Paper machinery

A series of mechanical equipment systems that use wood, straw, and other materials as raw materials to produce pulp and paper products.

NOTE. This includes pulping, papermaking, and finishing machinery.

3.2 Crawl speed

The minimum operating speed of the machine.

NOTE. The crawling speed varies between different machines, but is generally no greater than 0.25 m/s (15 m/min).

3.3 Hold-to-run control device

A control device that can only be triggered and maintain machine function when the manual controller (actuator) is activated.

[Source. GB/T 15706-2012, 3.28.3]

3.4 Inrunning nip

Dangerous points formed by the clamping of rotating rollers, drying cylinders, or other cylindrical objects that could trap a person, body part, or clothing.

NOTE. The following situations where a sufficient safe distance cannot be maintained may have inrunning nip.

a) Between parts that rotate in opposite directions;

b) Between rotating parts and fixed, adjustable parts;

c) Between parts that rotate in the same direction but have different linear velocities and/or surface properties.

See Figure 1 for the inrunning nip.

3.7 Perimeter fence

A protective device to prevent entry into dangerous areas.

NOTE. Where space permits, the minimum height is 1.4 m, and the maximum clearance between the ground and the lower edge is 0.4 m. This definition does not cover fall protection.

5.1 General requirements

5.1.1 Protective devices and safeguards

5.1.1.1 Protective devices and safety devices shall comply with GB/T 15706-2012.The

design or selection of protective devices shall comply with GB/T 8196.Interlocking protective devices shall comply with GB/T 18831.Electrically sensitive protective devices shall comply with GB/T 19436.1.Pressure-sensitive pads shall comply with GB/T 17454.1.The color of protective devices shall not be used as signal color.

5.1.1.2 The requirements for movable protective devices shall comply with the

provisions of 6.3.3.2.3 in GB/T 15706-2012.

5.1.1.3 When locked personnel need to leave the danger zone, perimeter fences with

interlocked doors shall be able to be opened from the inside of the fence at any time.

5.1.1.4 Appropriate safety measures shall be taken for parts that may cause injury to personnel or the equipment itself. Anti-loosening devices shall be installed for parts that may come loose during operation. Holes, openings, pits, and trenches in the workplace shall be equipped with covers and perimeter fences.

5.1.2 Protective devices for power transmission components

Hazardous points of power transmission components shall be protected by fixed protective devices, interlocking protective devices with or without protective locks.

Protective devices shall be installed as close as possible to the hazardous point. If this is not possible, a perimeter fence shall be installed, and the safe distance between the perimeter fence and the hazardous point shall comply with GB/T 23821-2022.The selection of protective devices for power transmission components shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.

5.1.3 Anti-crushing measures

The minimum distance between fixed and moving parts, or between moving parts, shall meet the requirements of Table 1 in GB/T 12265-2021.Alternatively, the crushing hazard can be avoided by reducing the crushing force at the danger point, thereby allowing the crushing movement to be artificially stopped.

NOTE. In the absence of relevant standards for reference, if the impact motion is low and the contact surface is flat or padded, a force of no more than 150 N is generally considered not to cause harm.

5.1.4 Wrapping hazards with drying cylinders, rollers, blankets, wire mesh, and paper

guide ropes, and trapping hazards with sinking into the end face of the roll

5.1.4.1 Basic requirements

When there is a hazard at the inrunning nip, wrapping point, or trapping point on the end face of the roll, one or more of the following protective measures shall be taken in combination.

a) Minimum spacing as specified in Table 1 of GB/T 12265-2021.

b) Fixed protective devices as specified in GB/T 8196.Or, for situations requiring frequent access, interlocking protective devices as specified in GB/T 18831.

5.1.4.2 Safety measures for inrunning nip

5.1.4.2.1 Sufficient clearance shall be maintained between rotating and stationary parts of drying cylinders, rollers, and cylindrical objects. To prevent the entire body from being caught in, the minimum clearance between mechanical parts at the inrunning nip point shall be 500 mm. To prevent the arm from being caught in, the minimum clearance between mechanical parts at the inrunning nip point shall be 120 mm, as shown in Figure 1.

5.1.4.2.2 Where entrapment hazards cannot be avoided, protection shall be provided by distance guards and perimeter fences. These guards shall comply with GB/T 8196 and GB/T 18831.Fixed components such as the machine's casing and frame shall prevent operators from entering the hazard area. Fixed guards shall be selected where access to the inrunning nip is not required.

5.1.4.2.3 For protective devices not directly installed on the inrunning nip, the safety distance shall comply with the provisions of Table 2 in GB/T 23821-2022.The distance e between the surfaces of cylindrical objects or between the roller surface and fixed parts shall not be less than 25 mm. The relevant distance sh between the inrunning nip, the protective device, and the hazardous area as determined in Figure 2 of GB/T 23821- 2022 is equivalent to the distance between the protective device and the plane of the inrunning nip, as shown in Figure 4. ......