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GB/T 45742-2025Technical requirements of space objects orbit determination and prediction (English PDF)

空间物体轨道确定和预报技术要求

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Issued by

SAMR; SAC

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

May 30, 2025

Implementation date

September 1, 2025

Scope

GB/T 45742-2025 is the English-translated version of 空间物体轨道确定和预报技术要求.

GB/T 45742-2025 is the Chinese national standard covering working out where a satellite or a piece of debris is and where it will be — the reference frames, the force model with the Earth's non-spherical gravity, the tides, the third body, the drag and the solar radiation pressure, the tracking data of angles, range and range rate, the batch or sequential least squares fit, and the covariance propagated with the orbit, without which a close approach warning means nothing. First edition, in force from 1 September 2025. Issued on 30 May 2025, it has been in force since 1 September 2025.

Document preview — GB/T 45742-2025

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 49.140
Classification: V 70

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC

PrefaceIII
1 Scope1
2 Normative references1
3 Terms and Definitions1
4 Orbital dynamics model requirements2
4.1 Overview2
4.2 Time and coordinate system requirements for orbital dynamics models2
4.3 Orbital dynamics model2
4.4 Requirements for setting up orbital dynamics model3
5 Orbit prediction technical requirements3
5.1 Overview3
5.2 Input Data Requirements4
5.3 Orbit Prediction Technical Process4
6 Orbit determination technical requirements6
6.1 Overview6
6.2 Input Data Requirements6
6.3 Technical requirements for initial orbit determination7
6.4 Technical requirements for batch precision orbit determination7
6.5 Technical requirements for sequential processing of precise orbit determination9
6.6 Output Data Requirements11
Appendix A (Informative) A method for calculating the perturbation acceleration of an orbital dynamics model12
A.1 Non-spherical gravitational perturbations of the Earth12
A.2 Earth Tidal Deformation Perturbations12
A.3 Third body gravitational perturbation13
A.4 Post-Newtonian perturbations13
A.5 Atmospheric Drag Perturbation14
A.6 Solar pressure perturbation14
Appendix B (Informative) Perturbation acceleration model settings for different types of orbits and orbit prediction accuracy requirements15
Appendix C (Informative) Orbital motion parameter correction and covariance prediction method based on linearization theory18
C.1 Calculation method of orbital motion parameter correction value based on least squares estimation18
C.2 State transfer matrix calculation method18
C.3 Linear prediction method of orbital motion parameter covariance matrix19
Reference20

Foreword

This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents" Drafting.

Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Aerospace Technology and Its Applications (SAC/TC425).

This document was drafted by: National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing University, Xi'an Satellite Tracking and Control Center, Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center, China Aerospace Standardization Institute.

The main drafters of this document are: Liu Jing, Cheng Haowen, Tang Jingshi, Wang Yanrong, Cao Jianfeng, Zheng Fengchun, Li David, Yang Xu, Zhang Yao, Gan Qingbo, Li Yang, Jiang Hai, Quan Haofang, Zhao Nanying.

Technical requirements for orbit determination and prediction of space objects

1 Scope

This document specifies the main force models, inputs and outputs, and technical procedures for orbit determination and prediction of space objects orbiting the Earth.

This document applies to the orbital data of space objects involved in the measurement, cataloguing and early warning of space objects moving around the Earth under the influence of natural forces.

Generation, orbital motion state prediction and its applications.

2 Normative references

GB/T 45621

3 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 45621 and the following apply to this document.

3.1 Examination Department

The Earth's mass center is taken as the origin, the mean equator of epoch J2000.0 is taken as the XY plane, and the mean vernal equinox of epoch J2000.0 is taken as the right-hand reference of the X-axis.

3.2

The right-handed reference frame is defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Resolution B1.3 in 2000, with the Earth's center of mass as the origin.

Note. The GCRS coordinate axis points close to the J2000.0 reference system, with a difference of about 0.02".

3.3

The parameters of the orbital motion state of a space object are the position and velocity vectors of the space object or the parameters that can be equivalently converted into position and velocity vectors.

Indicates that in orbit determination, orbital motion parameters can also include orbital dynamics model parameters.

Note. The orbital dynamics model parameters include the atmospheric drag coefficient, solar light pressure coefficient, etc.

3.4

Measurement data that directly or indirectly reflects the orbital motion state of a space object.

Note. Track measurement data include angle measurement, distance measurement, speed measurement, three-dimensional position, etc.

3.5 measurement equations

A set of equations that represents the relationship between the orbital measurement data values of a space object and the orbital motion parameters.

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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 24 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Referenced standards

Normative references

GB/T 45621Space terminology — Space debris

Cited by

GB/T 45738-2025Space objects long-term evolution model

Editions of GB/T 45742

Edition	Title	Revision	Status
GB/T 45742-2025	Technical requirements of space objects orbit determination and prediction	current edition	Current

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