GB/T 4549.2-2004Railway vehicle vocabulary - Part 2: Running gear (English PDF)

2.1 running gear

The part that supports the car body and performs the running function of the vehicle.

2.2 bogie; truck

A running gear able to rotate relative to the car body.

It usually comprises the bolster, the side frames or frame, the wheelset and axlebox devices, the spring and damping devices, the bogie foundation brake rigging, etc.

2.3 two-axle bogie

A bogie with two wheelsets.

2.4 three-axle bogie

A bogie with three wheelsets.

2.5 multi-axle bogie

A bogie with more than three wheelsets.

2.6 combination bogie

A bogie in which two or more bogies are combined into one unit.

2.7 pedestal bogie

A bogie in which axlebox guidance is achieved by means of axlebox pedestals (horn guides).

2.8 non-pedestal bogie

A bogie in which axlebox guidance is achieved without axlebox pedestals.

2.9 radial bogie

Any bogie that allows the wheelset axes to approach the radial position when running on a curve.

2.9.1 self-radial bogie

A radial bogie in which, using the creep forces generated between wheel and rail when the vehicle enters a curve, the bogie's own steering mechanism (such as a linkage system connecting the axleboxes with each other or with the frame) causes the wheelsets to move "automatically" into the radial position on the curve.

2.9.2 forced-radial bogie

A radial bogie in which, when the vehicle enters a curve, the relative rotation between the car body and the bogie frame is used, through a dedicated steering mechanism (such as a linkage system connecting the axleboxes with the frame and the car body), to yaw the wheelsets and force them into the radial position on the curve.

2.10 active control bogie

A bogie which, on the basis of track disturbance and vehicle vibration signals, uses special suspension elements, a feedback control system and a power source providing a continuous energy input to adjust the vehicle suspension parameters (magnitude and direction) on line in real time, so as to improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

2.11 semi-active suspension (control) bogie

A bogie which responds to track disturbance and vehicle vibration signals and, using special suspension elements and a feedback control system but without external energy input, adaptively adjusts the suspension parameters (magnitude) so as to reduce vehicle vibration and improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

2.12 swing-motion bogie

A bogie whose two side frames perform synchronous lateral swinging motion.

2.13 truck with no swing bolster

A bogie whose secondary (central) suspension has no swing bolster device.

2.14 bolsterless bogie

A bogie with no swing bolster whose secondary (central) suspension has no bolster device.

2.15 three-piece bogie

A bogie consisting of one bolster and two side frames connected by bolster springs and other damping elements.

2.16 frame-brace bogie

A three-piece bogie whose side frames are linked by two members crossing each other one above the other, so that the two side frames are elastically cross-connected in the horizontal plane in order to control the lozenging (diamond) or shear deformation between them.

2.17 frame type bogie

A bogie whose frame is an integral structure rigidly connected together.

2.18 free height from rail top to center plate wearing surface

The vertical distance from the lower centre plate surface to the rail top when the bogie is in the free state, not subjected to external load.

2.19 bogie diagonal

The line connecting the centres of two diagonally opposite axleboxes of a bogie (other than a combination bogie).

2.20 wheel base

In one bogie (other than a combination bogie), the horizontal distance between the centre lines of two adjacent axles.

2.21 fixed or rigid wheel base

In one bogie (other than a combination bogie), the horizontal distance between the centre lines of the leading and trailing axles.

2.22 total wheel base of bogie assembly

In one combination bogie, the horizontal distance between the centre lines of the leading and trailing axles.

2.23 bogie rigidity against distortion

In one bogie (other than a combination bogie), the torque required to produce unit twisting deformation of one wheelset relative to another in the vertical direction.

2.24 bogie rigidity against shearing

Between adjacent wheelsets of one bogie (other than a combination bogie), the force required to produce unit lateral displacement of one wheelset relative to the other in the horizontal direction.

3.1 bogie; frame; structure

The basic component of a bogie that connects the axleboxes and transmits the acting forces.

3.2 side frame

The basic component located on either side of a bogie that connects the bolster and the axleboxes (or adapters) and transmits the acting forces.

4.1 axle

The part that connects the two wheels of a wheelset and rotates with them along the rails.

4.2 wheelset, wheel pair

The assembly consisting of two wheels and one axle.

4.3 disc brake wheelset

A wheelset device with brake discs mounted on the axle.

4.4 tyred wheel

A wheel consisting of a tyre, a wheel centre and a retaining ring.

4.5 solid wheel

A wheel whose rim, plate and hub form one integral piece. Generally divided into cast steel wheels, wrought (rolled) steel wheels, etc.

4.6 cast steel wheel

A solid wheel formed by pouring molten steel into a sand mould.

4.7 wrought steel wheel; rolled steel wheel

A solid wheel manufactured by rolling or similar processes.

4.8 journal box

The component that houses the journal, the bearing and its lubricating device, transmits the load and limits excessive longitudinal and lateral movement of the wheelset.

4.9 adapter

The saddle-shaped component that connects the bearing with the side frame, transmits the load and restrains the wheelset.

4.10 box guidance

The device that maintains the relative position of the axlebox and the frame.

4.11 spring and vibration absorbing device

The device in a bogie consisting of spring devices and damping devices. It serves mainly to cushion and attenuate vibration and shock of the vehicle in service, and to ensure and improve the running quality of the vehicle.

4.12 journal spring device

The spring device between the axlebox and the bogie frame (or side frame).

4.13 journal spring

The spring in the journal spring device.

4.14 equalizer spring

A spring provided (except in combination bogies) so that two adjacent axles carry equal axle loads.

4.15 distance between backs of wheel rims

In a wheelset, the distance between the inner faces of the rims or tyres of the left and right wheels.

4.16 distance between acting center of journal load

The distance between the points at which the load acts on the journals at the two ends of the axle.

4.17 tread

The wearing surface of the wheel that contacts the rail head.

4.18 worn profile tread

A wheel tread whose profile, in order to reduce wheel and rail wear and extend wheel and rail life, is from the outset similar to the stable shape reached after wear.

4.19 tread equivalent taper

For a wheelset with arc-shaped (worn profile) treads displaced laterally relative to the track centre line, the ratio of the difference between the rolling radii of the left and right wheels to twice the displacement.