GB/T 40121-2021Technical product documentation—Representation of product residual stress symbol (English PDF)

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.

Introduction

Product residual stress is the self-balanced stress remaining on the surface and internal of the component after the external load of the product component is removed.

Direction and position three-dimensional space vector distribution characteristics. The residual stress of the product is a basic attribute of the product component, which exists in the whole life cycle of the product Period, the strength, fracture resistance, fatigue strength, dimensional stability, corrosion resistance, manufacturing quality and service (work) of the product components Reliability has an important impact, and has become a description of the performance of product materials and components such as geometric tolerances, surface roughness and material hardness.

Important basic parameters. In the drawing of the product design stage, clear residual stress requirements are given to facilitate product manufacturing, acceptance and service.

During the service process, the residual stress state is effectively identified and controlled, so as to further improve and ensure the product quality and service safety.

Non-uniform temperature changes, non-uniform phase transitions, non-uniform plastic deformations, non-uniform chemical reactions and cyclic loading fatigue behaviors within the component materials Residual stress will be generated by various physical processes such as application. There are two main ways to generate residual stress. one is generated during product processing Stress; the second is the stress generated during the service (working) of the product. These two ways of generating residual stress are both necessary for product formation and existence. Ran link.

---There are three types of residual stress generated during product processing. one is the subtractive processing process (including. turning, milling, planing, grinding, boring, drawing, drilling, rolling, inserting Etc.); the second is the additive processing process (including. 3D printing, casting, casting, heat treatment, coating, welding, bonding, etc.); the third is the deformation plus Process (including. forging, extrusion, punching, pressing, bending, shot peening, rolling and impact, etc.). The residual stresses generated by these machining processes are The component performance has an important influence, which is the main factor to be considered in product design.

---There are also three types of residual stresses generated in the service process of the product. First, the product is subjected to external static forces (including. extrusion, stretching, twisting, etc.)

Constant force); second, the product is affected by external power (including. alternating tension, linear reciprocation, torsion deformation, etc.).

Labor process, temperature alternating effects, etc.); the third is the natural state (including. storage in the state to be processed, storage in the state of service or natural environment Under storage, etc.), these service forces and residual stresses work together to affect the performance, safety and reliability of product components or fatigue life.

Life is also important, and it is also the main factor to be considered in product design.

The purpose of this standard is to meet the effective expression of the technical requirements for the residual stress of component materials during the product life cycle.

Realize the residual stress distribution state and numerical technical requirements of components in the production and service links of design, manufacturing, inspection, testing, physical and chemical measurement, etc. The symbolic representation and labeling.

1 Scope

This standard specifies the general requirements, basic symbols, symbol composition, detection method symbols, and elimination method symbols for product residual stress symbols. Number, status symbol, extension symbol, and labeling method.

This standard applies to products in the machinery manufacturing industry that require residual stress states during the design, manufacturing, inspection, and service processes.

Products in related industries such as light industry and daily necessities can also be used as reference.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.

GB/T 131 Geometric Technical Specification for Products (GPS) Representation of Surface Structure in Technical Product Documents

GB/T 324 Symbol notation for welds

GB/T 1182 Geometric Technical Specification for Products (GPS) Geometric Tolerance Shape, Direction, Position and Runout Tolerance Marking

GB/T 4457.2 Basic regulations for the guideline and datum line of the drawing method of technical drawing

GB/T 4458.3 Mechanical Drawing Axonometric Drawing

GB/T 4458.4 Mechanical drawing dimension notation method

GB/T 7704 Non-destructive testing X-ray stress determination method

GB/T 10567.1 Inspection method for residual stress of copper and copper alloy processed materials test method for mercury nitrate

GB/T 10567.2 Inspection method for residual stress of copper and copper alloy processed materials, ammonia fumigation test method

GB/T 12604.1-2020 Non-destructive testing term Ultrasonic testing

GB/T 14691 Technical drawing font

GB/T 15754 Technical Drawing Cone Dimensions and Tolerance Note Method

GB/T 16923 Normalizing and Annealing of Steel Parts

GB/T 19096 Technical Drawing Drawing Method Undefined Terminology and Notation of Shape Edge

GB/T 20737-2006 Non-destructive testing general terms and definitions

GB/T 24179 Determination of Residual Stress in Metallic Materials Indentation Strain Method

GB/T 24746 Graphical symbol representation for bonding, bending and extrusion of technical drawings

GB/T 25712 Vibration aging process parameter selection and effect evaluation method

GB/T 26078 Explosive treatment method for welding residual stress of metallic materials

GB/T 26140 Neutron Diffraction Method for Nondestructive Testing and Measuring Residual Stress

GB/T 31214.1 Spring Shot Peening Part 1: General Rules

GB/T 31218 Determination of Residual Stress in Metallic Materials by Total Relief Strain Method

GB/T 31310 Determination of Residual Stress in Metallic Materials by Drilling Strain Method

GB/T 32073 Non-destructive testing residual stress ultrasonic critical refraction longitudinal wave testing method

GB/T 33163 Ultrasonic impact treatment method for residual stress of metallic materials

GB/T 33210 Non-destructive testing method of electromagnetic detection of residual stress

JB/T 12392 Machining process parameter representation