GB/T 40020-2021Cyber-physical systems—Reference architecture (English PDF)

3.1 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 40021-2021 apply to this document.

3.2 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations apply to this document.

CPS cyber-physical systems

VPN virtual private network

4.1 Legend

The legend used in this standard is shown in Figure 1.

5.4 Closed loop iteration

CPS should be able to face the full life cycle of the product, and realize the virtual body of information through the repeated implementation of perception, analysis, decision-making, and execution of closed-loop logic Optimization and improvement of physical entities.

5.5 Knowledge decision

CPS should be able to analyze and process multi-source information resources such as data resources, algorithm resources, model resources, etc. Optimization decision-making at the organizational and operational levels.

5.6 Heterogeneous Integration

CPS should be able to realize information sharing and transparent access between heterogeneous components through compatibility and adaptation between heterogeneous components. The main features of heterogeneous integration include.

a) Compatibility. CPS has the ability to coordinate work between hardware, between software, or between software and hardware combination systems.

b) Interoperability. CPS can realize information sharing and interaction between heterogeneous components.

5.7 Robust and fault-tolerant

CPS should have a certain degree of anti-interference and ability to deal with abnormal situations, and can still execute the reservation correctly when there is a general level of external influence The function of CPS is a measure of whether CPS can recover its original ability under error conditions. The main features of fault tolerance and robustness include.

a) Reliability. Each component of CPS has a sufficiently low failure rate so that the overall CPS can reach a stable state.

b) Usability. CPS has the ability to perform its functions correctly within certain constraints.

5.8 Elastic expansion

CPS should have the ability to flexibly customize functional components and easily expand system functions.

The main feature of elastic expansion is scalability. CPS allows deployed or running systems to be operated at low cost and simplified operation.

Adding new functions or components can realize the dynamic adjustment of the system structure and the services provided.

5.9 Safe and reliable

CPS should have the ability to provide physical security, basic security, business security, security management and credible guarantees. The main features include.

a) Security. CPS has environmental security protection capabilities; it has network, data, application, interoperability and other basic and business security protection capabilities Strength; possess functional safety protection capabilities and be able to formulate corresponding safety strategies.

b) Credibility. CPS should have a certain guarantee mechanism when carrying out activities such as resource access, system interaction, and business collaboration to ensure its activity. The operation process can be trusted.

6.1 Overview

The user view includes three roles and related activities. user side, provider, and related party, as shown in Figure 3.

6.2 CPS user side

6.2.1 Sub-role

The CPS user side includes three sub-roles. manager, user, and operator.

a) The manager is responsible for CPS business decision-making, process control and performance evaluation of the activities of CPS users and operators;

b) The user is responsible for proposing business requirements and using CPS to carry out the execution and feedback of related businesses;

c) The operator is responsible for ensuring the normal operation of CPS and providing relevant technical support for CPS users.

6.2.2 Activities

6.2.2.1 Manager-related activities

Manager-related activities include.

a) Business decision-making. comprehensively consider cost, efficiency, quality and other factors, combined with the current status and goals of the company's business, according to CPS data and status Carry out relevant decision-making activities;

b) Process control. Supervise and control the activities of CPS users and operators;

c) Performance evaluation. develop performance indicators around the process and results of CPS application, and evaluate CPS users and operators.

6.2.2.2 User related activities

User-related activities include.

a) R&D and design. based on the user feedback and production feedback information collected during the manufacturing, use, after-sales, recycling and dismantling of the product, construct An information interaction platform between real data and design links to realize the simulation of testing, manufacturing, assembly and other links in virtual space As well as iteration, optimization and improvement;

b) Manufacturing. Based on the status data and event information of people, machines, and things in the production process, build a digital process model to achieve production Process monitoring, production resource management and scheduling;

c) Operation and maintenance services. Through mining and analysis of the operating parameters, maintenance, user usage and other data uploaded by equipment/products, failures can be realized The rapid resolution of the system, reducing downtime and reducing maintenance costs;

d) Operation management. analyze customer characteristics through data mining, model calculations, etc., to achieve precise operations that meet customer needs Sales, and tap new customer needs, to achieve auxiliary management of business operations;

e) Industrial chain collaboration. Based on the capacity model and supplier evaluation model on the platform, the production of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain is automatically generated Operation plan, and supports the unified scheduling of production operation plans between enterprises, and realizes the integration of manufacturing capabilities across regions and boundaries.

6.2.2.3 Related activities of operators

Based on the collected system condition monitoring data, build the system operation model and fault knowledge base, and provide predictive maintenance solutions.

Closed-loop management is now based on regular inspections of equipment operating status, problem discovery, troubleshooting, and maintenance.

6.3 CPS provider

6.3.1 Sub-role

The CPS provider includes four sub-roles. developer, resource provider, integrator, and operator.

a) The developer is responsible for ensuring that the CPS related design and development process meets the requirements;

b) The resource provider is responsible for providing relevant basic resources for CPS;

c) The integrator is responsible for developing CPS integration planning and building a complete integration architecture to meet the integration requirements of CPS's full business activities;

d) The operator is responsible for ensuring that the CPS business services meet the operational goals.

6.3.2 Activities

6.3.2.1 Developer-related activities

Developer-related activities include.

a) Demand analysis. Based on data mining, model calculation and other means to scientifically analyze customer characteristics, obtain customer target users, applicable scenarios, Information such as behavior path provides a basis for planning and design, and realizes accurate mining of customer demand information;

b) Planning and design. Based on customer demand information, combined with the company's own development status and goals, the specific technical architecture, resource allocation, and construction Set cycle, personnel support, and target assessment for reasonable planning, carry out CPS architecture design, function design, application scenario design, and implement The CPS functional modules are now reasonably divided to meet the requirements of CPS applications;

c) Development and implementation. Based on development tools and software and hardware resources, build a CPS development environment, and combine the actual business System and software for targeted modification or function expansion, so that developers can quickly open specific applications in different industries and different scenarios. Development and deployment;

d) Test verification. the key elements in the development, design and implementation of CPS and the CPS implementation process in different scenarios and different industries It is tested and verified with the method to realize the effective verification of CPS performance and function.

6.3.2.2 Related activities of resource providers

Related activities of resource providers include.

a) Provide hardware. provide basic hardware equipment that meets the operation of CPS;

b) Provide software. provide development environment, industrial software, development integration tools, middleware, etc. that meet the operation of CPS;

c) Provide network. Provide a network environment that satisfies the intercommunication and transmission of CPS information, including. basic network architecture, basic network hardware, and software And the management authority of the allocated network resources;

d) Provide platform. provide computing resources that meet the processing and storage capabilities in the development and deployment of CPS, and provide Resource management authority;

e) Provide knowledge services. provide a knowledge base that meets the full life cycle of CPS, and achieve precise services that meet customer needs;

f) Provide security services. provide protective measures to ensure the safe operation of CPS.

6.3.2.3 Integrator related activities

Integrator related activities include.

a) Integrated design. Based on the interface and protocol conditions between various components, provide CPS integration planning to build a complete CPS integration Architecture.

b) Deployment and implementation. Based on integration planning, use middleware tools, data interfaces, integration platforms and other means to carry out deployment and implementation.

6.3.2.4 Operator-related activities

Operator-related activities include.

a) Operation and maintenance management. Based on means such as fault diagnosis and system upgrades, timely handling of CPS operation failures to ensure the stability of CPS Fixed operation to realize the iterative optimization of CPS in terms of speed, quality, safety, and human-machine friendliness.

b) Operation management. Based on user management, marketing management, order management, billing measurement, customer service management and other means, build CPS operation management Management mechanism to realize the normal operation of CPS business activities.

6.4 CPS related parties

6.4.1 Subrole

CPS related parties include three sub-roles. consulting service provider, test evaluator, and project supervisor.

a) The consulting service provider is responsible for providing consulting services for CPS users and providers;

b) The test evaluator is responsible for providing CPS users and providers with key factor testing and evaluation services such as functions and performance;

c) The project supervisor is responsible for providing cost, schedule, quality and other supervision and management services for CPS users and providers.

6.4.2 Activities

6.4.2.1 Related activities of consulting service providers

The main activity of the advisory service provider is advice and guidance. Based on customer demand information, comprehensively consider the cost and benefit factors in the use process, and give Provide reasonable suggestions on technology, engineering, and management to achieve precise guidance on CPS development, deployment, and application.

6.4.2.2 Test evaluator related activities

The main activity of the test assessor is to test or evaluate the CPS-related functions, performance and safety indicators, and to determine whether it meets the requirements of the business Related functional, performance, and security requirements.

6.4.2.3 Related activities of the project supervisor

The main activity of the project supervisor is execution supervision. Through the supervision and management of CPS cost, efficiency, and quality, to ensure the high level of CPS construction Effective implementation.

7.1 Overview

The functional view includes four functional domains and related functional components. business domain, convergence domain, support domain, and security domain (see Figure 5).

a) The business domain is responsible for performing CPS user-related activities, including R&D and design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance services, operation management, and industrial chain Cooperative functional components;

b) The fusion domain is based on a closed-loop functional system of perception, analysis, decision-making, and execution, and is responsible for realizing the integration of information space and physical space.

Application, including physical space, information space, digital twin service, digital main line, digital twin, as well as perception, analysis, decision-making, and execution Other functional components;

c) The support domain is responsible for providing the required resources for CPS, including network, data and integrated functional components;

d) The security domain is responsible for ensuring the security of each functional domain, including business security, basic security, physical security, and security management functional components.

7.3.4 Digital main line functional components

The functional components of the digital main line are responsible for building a data flow that includes the full life cycle of the product and the full value chain with a unified model as the core, and unblocking Information islands drive knowledge generation and establish unified data, information, and knowledge transfer and access rules.

7.3.5 Digital Twin Service Functional Components

Complete the model mapping of physical entities in the information space based on the digital main line, and realize the mapping of physical entities based on sensor monitoring and data transmission. Diagnosis, prediction, simulation, and optimization. The functional components of the digital twin service include.

a) Mapping. Responsible for establishing the digital feature model of the physical entity in the information space, completing the mapping of the virtual body of the information, thereby reflecting the relative The whole life cycle process of the corresponding physical entity.

b) Monitoring. Perceive internal and external data through various sensors, and be responsible for completing the transfer of physical entity data to digital representation. Observation activities of corresponding physical entities in the information space.

c) Diagnosis. Through the comprehensive processing of historical information and real-time information, it is responsible for transforming the information in the information space into knowledge, so as to realize the physical Assessment of the state of the entity.

d) Prediction. Based on the results of the diagnostic evaluation, it is responsible for realizing the future prediction of the physical entity by the digital model and providing more comprehensive decision-making stand by.

e) Simulation. Responsible for fully simulating product performance indicators and products based on simulation models such as virtual simulation, multidisciplinary simulation, and semi-physical simulation. Use status, production line running status, test and other behaviors.

f) Optimization. Responsible for the continuous iteration based on monitoring, diagnosis, prediction and update, to achieve the continuous dynamics of the corresponding resources in the physical entity optimization.

7.3.6 Perception function components

The perception function component is responsible for applying various sensor technologies to the physical space to realize the identity, geometry, function, mechanism, and operation of the physical entity All-round real-time collection of multi-source data such as status.

7.3.7 Analysis function components

The analysis function component is responsible for combining environment, working conditions, events and other information to analyze and calculate the physical space perception data, and realize the physical reality.

Body identification, diagnosis, prediction and analysis provide a basis for decision-making.

7.3.8 Decision function components

The decision function component is responsible for analyzing the results based on the physical space perception data, combining constraints and optimization goals, and using domain knowledge to establish Mathematical model to achieve optimal decision-making.

7.3.9 Executive functional components

The executive function component is responsible for generating behavior control logic according to decision instructions, and using controllers and actuators to realize the control of people, equipment, materials, Process and environment control.

7.4 Support domain

7.4.1 Network function components

The network functional components provide the network foundation for CPS and build a network channel for information exchange.

a) Industrial Cable. Responsible for using industrial Ethernet, VPN and other wired network interconnection and integration technologies to build a reliable industrial wired network Network to realize multi-source heterogeneous data transmission.

b) Industrial wireless. responsible for the application of heterogeneous wireless network connections such as wireless sensor networks, redundant industrial wireless networks, narrowband Internet of things, cellular communications, etc.

Technology, construct ubiquitous access industrial wireless network, realize multi-source heterogeneous data transmission.

7.4.2 Data function components

The data function component is responsible for providing data collection, storage and processing functions for CPS, and provides support for data analysis.

a) Data collection. Ubiquitous sensing technologies such as sensor networks and the Internet of Things, as well as real-time Ethernet, time-sensitive networks, and high-speed protocol conversion Network transmission technologies such as gateways will continuously transmit and converge the data contained in physical entities and heterogeneous systems to the information space. Now ubiquitous, reliable, real-time and efficient data collection.

b) Data storage. Use technologies such as databases and data dictionaries to establish a data storage system that can run in the cloud or on a central server. Realize the recording of collected data.

c) Data processing. Using algorithms such as data segmentation, data smoothing, and data filtering in data preprocessing, it can be established to run in the cloud or The central server, as well as the data processing system of distributed nodes or edge end, realize effective data processing.

7.4.3 Integrated functional components

Integrated functional components provide CPS with the interconnection, intercommunication and interoperability of various physical entities.

a) Interconnection. There should be at least one transmission link between the two components to provide a material basis and availability for data exchange between the two components. Capability.

b) Intercommunication. Two or more components can achieve data exchange between components through protocol compatibility.

c) Interoperability. Two or more components should have the ability to transparently access each other's resources.

7.5 Security domain

7.5.1 Business security functional components

Business security functional components include.

a) Interoperability security. using technologies such as security authentication, access control, and secure hashing Copy authentication, authority configuration, data integrity protection.

b) Collaborative security. Use technologies such as security authentication, access control, and digital certificates to realize identity authentication, Dynamic authorization, identity integration, and cross-domain authorization.

c) Artificial intelligence security. Aiming at the algorithm model security, ethics and morality caused by the application of related artificial intelligence technology in the CPS system The use of technology, systems and other methods to ensure the safety of artificial intelligence-related technology applications in the CPS business.