GB/T 28022-2021Age determination guidelines for toys (English PDF)

3.1 Age group

A specific age range defined by children's activities, cognitive development, and behavior.

3.2 Category

The type or group of toys that make up the play category.

Note 1. The following are the play categories classified according to the purpose and function of the toy.

---Perception activity toys;

---Physical activity toys;

---Intellectual activity toys;

---Toys that reproduce the world of technology;

---Toys that promote the development of emotion and empathy;

---Creative activity toys;

---Social relations toys.

Note 2. In addition to the original classification, taking into account the continued development of the toy market, also includes new sub-categories (see Appendix A).

3.3 Grossmotorskils

Physical activity of large muscle groups related to maintaining head position, sitting, walking, and running functions.

3.4 Fine motor skills

Hand gripping movements, such as grasping, buckling and pinching, as well as fine movements for drawing and writing.

3.5 Starting age

The minimum age at which children are suitable to play with certain types of toys.

Note 1. When the child is very young, the interaction between the caregiver and the child can be regarded as "play", that is, the caregiver uses toys to please the child or attract Children's attention, such as the use of rattles. Only after further development, children can really play with toys.

Note 2. For the purposes of this document, the starting age for different subcategories of toys is a range. The age range is from the lowest age in the age range One day to the day before the highest age. For example. the starting age range from 4 months to less than 8 months is from the day when the baby grows to 4 months old.

The child grows to the end of the day before 8 months.

Note 3. When referring to the starting age of toys in a particular category, it does not mean that all toys belonging to that category will be classified as suitable for that age. Specific toy The number of pieces, size, quality, fidelity, relationship with animation and special features of certain toys, etc., will change or increase the predetermined age.

4.1 Children whose starting age is from birth to less than 4 months

4.1.1 Motor and cognitive development and behavior of children from birth to less than 4 months Generally, the following developmental and behavioral characteristics can be observed in children from birth to less than 4 months.

4.1.2 Recommended toy subcategories

This age group recommends the toy subcategories in Table 1.

4.2 Children whose starting age ranges from 4 months to less than 8 months

4.2.1 Motor and cognitive development and behavior of children from 4 months to less than 8 months Generally, the following growth and development and behaviors can be observed in children from 4 months to less than 8 months.

---Attracted by a variety of sensory factors, interest in the surrounding environment gradually increases. Entering the lip period, start to grow teeth. With natural nothing Conscious action. The learning process occurs through the senses, especially the mouth and reflexes, which rely on assimilation to stimulate and repeat actions.

---Hearing continues to develop, and you can already use your visual and motor abilities to play with others. Able to interact with toys and objects.

Began to realize the existence and permanence of the object (even if the object leaves the line of sight, the object still exists). Imitate simple actions And gestures.

---Possibility to locate the sound accurately. Starting from 4 months, repetitive vocal games that emphasize the same syllable will be played, such as "Mommy" "Dad Dad". Children begin to interact with adults and learn language games that speak in a repetitive manner. Love songs and sounds. From From 4 months to 6 months, they are more sensitive to sound and respond to changes in pitch and voice.

--- Carry out physical exercises, swing the body from side to side, leaning forward and closing back. Play better on the floor at 5 to 6 months and start by yourself Sit up and crawl.

--- Extensive and fine motor coordination and lower limb autonomy. The fine motor coordination of the hand is still developing. use The palm grasps the object (primitive grasp). Grasp firmly, reach out the palm to grasp the object, and be able to transfer the object from one hand to another Hand.

---Sports ability is gradually developed, such as holding, grasping, pressing, shaking, dragging objects and throwing objects to the ground. In about 6 months Fully grasp grasping and holding. Able to turn thick pages awkwardly.

- At about 6 months, visual acuity and color receptors are almost the same as adults. They will be affected by red and yellow colors and printed patterns attract.

4.2.2 Recommended toy subcategories

This age group recommends the toy subcategories in Table 2.

4.3 Children whose starting age ranges from 8 months to less than 12 months

4.3.1 Motor and cognitive development and behavior of children from 8 months to less than 12 months Generally, the following growth and development and behaviors can be observed in children from 8 months to less than 12 months.

---If the mother (or father) is not present or a stranger appears, you may feel anxious. They became obsessed with providing comfort and security Full-feeling objects (blankets, plush toys, etc.). Begin to develop imitating behavior, able to recognize and imitate speech, song and sound. in After hearing it several times, you can repeat the song and sound.

---Since 8 months, their babbling sounds are similar to the sounds of their mother tongue. They started to imitate some using materials or toys Familiar behaviors, such as holding a doll (this is the first stage of symbolization), and understand the meaning of some gestures (e.g., kissing, See and come here). Begin to use gestures to express their meaning (such as stretching and tightening their hands when they want something), however, he We still only recognize what is in the field of vision. At this age, they begin to utter the first few words and combine them with The actions are linked, but their knowledge is limited to their surroundings. Therefore, intentional verbal and physical communication has been developed.

Raw. They are still attracted by elements that stimulate the senses.

---Begin to associate the object with its intended use, and have a full awareness of the existence and continuity of the object (even if the object leaves Can still be aware of the sight range). Can easily turn the pages of the book, understand simple causal relationships, and enhance self-awareness. They drive He began to have a concept of height and falling risk.

---Body balance is better, interested in the movement and placement of objects (balance, movement), movement is more sophisticated and capable. Probe Interested in the environment, you can crawl and sit up by yourself. Keep standing and take the first step with the help of others.

---With muscle control ability and more mature fine motor coordination. The original grip (grip, clamp) is more coordinated and can be used with fingers (Usually the index finger) Playing musical instruments. Use your index finger to point to objects and people purposefully.

---Able to hold two objects at the same time, but cannot use them in coordination. The object can be held in the hand for a long time, grasping and hitting with a higher frequency Hit the object. They practice fine motor skills by grasping, pushing, pulling, pressing, patting, caressing, nudging, shaking and graffiti. They can use wax Pens and felt-tip pens do graffiti, but cannot draw or write effectively.

4.3.2 Recommended toy subcategories

The age group recommends the toy subcategories in Table 3.

4.4 Children whose starting age ranges from 12 months to less than 18 months

4.4.1 Motor and cognitive development and behavior of children from 12 months to less than 18 months Generally, the following growth and development and behaviors can be observed in children from 12 months to less than 18 months.

---When pushing the ride-on toy, you may not change steps or step on the pedals. The first ride-on toy does not require a steering mechanism, because young children can Can they be used effectively. And they just simulate sports by playing, there are no rules at all.

---Growth is slowed down, sports and extensive movement skills are further developed. Fine motor skills are continuing to develop, but agility is still there Limited. Eye-hand coordination is constantly improving.

---Start to choose your own toys and place them near you. Can remember the past, still like to explore things with hands and mouth. Use Explore the world with the senses. There is simple symbolic thinking.

--At about 13 months, I started to sing to myself. Language skills are getting stronger and stronger, able to communicate in more languages, and Understand the meaning of many words. Can distinguish between repetitive and rhythmic sounds. Like to listen to simple stories, you can combine pictures and Link the spoken language.

---Love songs related to the body (such as "10 little fingers"), appreciate rhythmic instruments and play them exploratoryly. Listen to children's songs And nursery rhymes, and can move objects according to the rhythm of the music. Watching TV and other media, like watching the same show repeatedly.

---I am more and more curious and like new objects. The exploration game is the main activity at this stage.

---They began to see differences in the size, shape and mobility of things. Able to match simple shapes and start to discover Don't match simple shapes, such as triangles, squares, rectangles, etc. They can feel different textures.

---Able to carry and carry toys and light objects. Throw and kick light soft balls.

---I like small toy cars that can be pushed. Like toy cars with doors or carriages.

---I like to turn some handles and dials with little resistance. Grasp, touch the toy, and change the toy from one hand to the other, And deliberately let go of the toy. Flip through books or magazines (a few pages at a time), paying attention to pictures, not words. Recognize inverted images shape. Like graffiti, can use plasticine and modeling clay with the help of adults.

--- Observe and imitate other children and adults. Have stronger social skills, but tend to be self-centered. Solution through trial and error Solve the problem.

---Strong ability to walk, but the balance may still be unstable, and the muscles are not well strengthened and developed. However, from about 16 From months old, most young children can walk and stand still. Begin to explore their surroundings; begin to walk, one step at a time Go up and down stairs, climb furniture, play ground toys, etc.; rarely fall on flat ground; know the height and the danger and basics of falling The spatial relationship.

---At nearly 18 months, able to run and stand on tiptoes without support. Increased flexibility, started dancing, and performed both feet jump. Perform simple rotations of body parts.

4.4.2 Recommended toy subcategories

The age group recommends the toy subcategories in Table 4.

---Has more precise fine motor skills and improved extensive motor skills, but the sensitivity is limited. You can build a few blocks. Can be careful Turn the pages of the book to avoid tearing, often name the familiar objects in the book and point them out. Understand the pictures and adults that express the story Read the story. There is still a need for non-verbal expressions.

---Understand daily activities through the sequence of events, and increasingly imitate observed behaviors. There are already representational thinking and performance symbols Sexual games, role-playing in daily activities (mother and daughter, telephone conversation, etc.) in an independent manner.

Use building blocks to build structures and think overthrowing them is a very interesting activity. As long as the beads have large holes, they can wear large beads in On the rope. Draw abstract shapes and simple corners.

---The sense of space is developing. "front", "rear", "up" and "down". Know the body parts. Demonstrate higher memory development and be able to play easily Toys and puppets. Through repeated learning, gradually understand the cause and effect relationship. Purposeful actions have emerged.

---Form the concept of taking good care of one's toys, and will still put toys in the mouth, but the frequency is low.

Start humming repeatedly. Begin to use single words to form phrases (e.g. Baobao, Nana). By 24 months, they will be able to form three or four characters Phrase, such as "baby wants to eat", and can say question phrases, such as "what is this?" ---By the end of this age, consciousness, perception, and empathy have been further developed. They can recognize the relationship between real objects and toys.

Differences, choosing their own toys, and beginning to show their preference for social games, but still little interaction. They are still not very divided Enjoy your own toys.

4.5 Children whose starting age ranges from 18 months to less than 24 months

4.5.2 Recommended toy subcategories

The age group recommends the toy subcategories in Table 5.

--- Demonstrate stronger extensive and fine motor skills and strength. Already have strong dexterity, there is a gap between sports and cognitive behavior contact. Can throw, receive and kick the ball without falling. Walking, running, jumping and balance are quite good.

---Able to recognize simple melody; associate music with other physical activities, such as moving, dancing and clapping at the same time. Like vocal activities, especially It is singing. Can remember and repeat simple melody and lyrics. Sing your favorite songs, nursery rhymes and nursery rhymes with your own rhythm. Correct Interested in the sounds of different instruments and can perceive volume changes.

---Binocular vision and hand-eye coordination are still in the stage of growth and development. They are usually unable to distinguish the tiny details of objects at close range.

---Learn to step on the pedal and be able to drive a toy car that is usually braked with a foot. Be more interested in enclosed spaces (huts, caves, etc.) and role-playing interest. Like outdoor environments such as beaches, parks and zoos.

---The understanding of symbolic associations (reality and fantasy) is getting stronger and stronger. Have the recognition of simple learning through animal toys and exploration toys Knowing ability.

---In the anal period, this is the key to intestinal movement control. Pay attention to independent nursing function and realize sphincter control. Start training Practice to stop using diapers.

--- Demonstrate stronger hand and finger movement ability, and have a more coordinated grasping ability. Able to move each finger independently, making simple Rotating action, but other activities are not coordinated, such as inserting a screw into a hole or tightening a nut. Able to wind the clockwork with a low torque wrench (Up to two laps).

---Interested in electronic devices, if they are part of the game environment. Ability to use software programs that require simple answers from children (For example, answer via a single key on the keyboard/screen). Use the mouse in a limited way, but there may be difficult.

---Begin to understand the purpose of numbers and number sequences in counting objects, so now we can understand the concept of "two". Can speak multiple words language. The number of words, phrases, and sentences and the level of understanding continue to increase. Call someone you know by name. In a known context, such as If the topic of conversation is interesting, you can talk with adults. Frequently ask "why" to use language to inform, ask and interact.

---The behavior is dramatic, naughty, and trying to impose their will. Understand the concepts of "in", "outside", "up", "down" and time, such as "now" and "after". Still attracted by a variety of sensory factors (visual, sound, and motion), some objects will still be put into the mouth.

---When they are almost 3 years old, they can maintain their balance on skates (except inline skates).

4.6 Children whose starting age ranges from 24 months to less than 36 months

4.6.2 Recommended toy subcategories

The age group recommends the toy subcategories in Table 6.

---Coordination and fine motor skills are more developed. Children have greater ability to perform hands-on tasks than younger children. Difficulty with playing cards Difficult, but can eat with chopsticks, spoons and forks without the help of others. Able to hold heavier balls and objects, and be able to throw and throw with both hands Catch.

---Walking, running, jumping and pedaling. Sing, dance and play musical instruments. I like funny and nonsense vocabulary and nursery rhymes. Like to listen repeatedly Songs, stories, watching videos and movies. I like stories about family events and create my own stories. Remember, tell and repeat the past Incident; at that time they could not accurately understand what was being repeated. They are more talkative. Accept the characters you like and pay equal attention to Repeat their words.