GB/T 25338.2-2019Switch machines for railways - Part 2: Test methods (English PDF)

5.4 Insulation resistance and insulation withstand voltage test

5.4.1 Insulation resistance Insulation resistance test uses a 500V megohmmeter to test between conductive parts and between conductive parts and the chassis (ground), normal insulation The resistance and the insulation resistance after damp heat should meet the requirements of the product standard.

5.4.2 Insulation withstand voltage

5.4.2.1 Test voltage. DC switch machine adopts AC 50Hz,.2000V; AC switch machine adopts AC 50Hz, 2400V; electric idling The track machine adopts AC 50Hz and 1000V.

5.4.2.2 Test voltage application location. between conductive parts and between conductive parts and the chassis (ground).

5.4.2.3 The voltage application time is 1min. If the test voltage is increased by 25%, the test time can be shortened to 1s.

5.4.2.4 The test voltage should be increased from half of the test voltage value to the specified value, and the voltage should be maintained for the specified test time, and then decreased to zero.

5.4.2.5 The insulation withstand voltage test should be carried out at room temperature; during the alternating damp heat test, the test should be resumed 2h after the end of the test.

5.4.2.6 The leakage current during the insulation withstand voltage test should not be higher than 5mA.

5.4.2.7 Insulation withstand voltage test is generally performed once. When repeated tests are required, the voltage should be 80% of the original test value.

5.5 Contact pressure test Measure with a dynamometer in the closed position of the contact. The dynamometer should apply force along the normal direction of the contact surface at the specified point of action, When the indicator in the contact series circuit sends out a signal, the reading of the dynamometer at this time is the contact pressure; the hump uses the contact pressure of the electric empty switch machine The force test shall meet the requirements of the ZK series electric-pneumatic switch machine standard.

5.6 Contact resistance test In the closed position of the contact, use a four-wire lead low resistance meter to test on the corresponding terminal of the contact. According to the difference of the resistance of the contact, The corresponding test gear should be converted.

5.7 Shell protection test

5.7.1 The protection test of the switch machine shell shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4208-2017.

5.7.2 The motor enclosure protection test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4942.1-2006.

5.8 Water spray test of switch machine rod The water spray test of the lever of the switch machine is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4208-2017.After the extension action is 3 times, the water on the lever should not enter the machine.

5.9 Temperature rise test of DC motor

5.9.1 Use the resistance method to measure the temperature rise of the motor windings.

5.9.2 Take the winding resistance R1 before the start of the test. When taking the measurement, one value should be taken every time the rotor rotates 120°, and the result is the average value after three times.

5.9.3 The test is carried out under the standard atmospheric conditions of the test. Apply the rated voltage,

1.5 times the rated current, and the continuous power-on time should meet the requirements of the product standard.

5.9.4 Measure the winding resistance R2 at the end of the test. The value method is the same as 5.9.2.This process should be completed within 15s after the power is cut off.

5.9.5 The temperature rise Deltat (°C) of copper wire winding is determined by formula (1).

5.9.6 The correction of the temperature rise limit when the ambient temperature during the test is different from the operating ambient temperature shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 5171.21-2016.

5.10 Plastic combustion performance test of switch cover The plastic combustion performance test should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the vertical method in GB/T 2408-2008, and the test results should meet the product standards.

5.11 Low temperature test The low temperature test of the switch machine should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the test Ab in GB/T 2423.1-2008, and should meet the following requirements.

a) Initial inspection. visual inspection and electrical and mechanical performance inspection of test samples;

b) Condition test. Put the test sample in the test box according to the normal position in the unpacked, unpowered, and "ready to use" state;

c) Severity level. temperature -40°C±2K, duration 2h;

d) Intermediate test. In the last 15 minutes of the condition test, the electrical characteristics of the test sample should be checked to meet the requirements of the product standard;

e) Final test. Take the test sample out of the test box and place it at room temperature for 2h. Check that the electrical characteristics of the test sample should meet the requirements of the product standard.

5.17 Life test of switch machine

5.17.1 The life test of the point machine should be under the conditions of rated conversion force, rated voltage (DC type) or power supply voltage (AC type) and single-wire resistance. The action rod is extended or pulled in once, and the interval is 6s~15s.

5.17.2 During the test, the allowable voltage fluctuation range is 98% to 102% of the specified value. Rated conversion force fluctuation range is a specified value 97%~103%, the fluctuation range of wind pressure is 95%~105% of the specified value.

5.17.3 During the test, normal maintenance of the equipment is allowed when more than 1×105 times, and the wearing parts specified in the product standard are allowed to be replaced, but disassembly and repair are not allowed.

5.17.4 The final test shall be carried out according to the conditions specified in the product standard of the test sample.

6.1 Test of electrical characteristics of DC switch machine

6.1.1 The test circuit is shown in Figure

1.The circuit of the control relay in the driving diagram should conform to the driving circuit of this type of switch machine or its equivalent circuit.

6.1.2 Under the conditions of rated voltage (1±2%) and rated conversion force (1±3%), the DC switch machine can operate several times continuously to achieve stable performance. After setting, start to record the test data, push and pull each action 5 times, 5 times should be qualified, whichever is the maximum.

6.2 Test of electrical characteristics of three-phase AC switch machine

6.2.1 The test circuit is shown in Figure

2.The circuit of the control relay in the driving diagram should conform to the driving circuit of this type of switch machine or its equivalent circuit.

6.2.2 The AC point machine is in the power supply voltage (1 ± 2%) (when the three-phase power supply voltage is unbalanced, take the average value), string the specified single-wire resistance, Under the condition of constant conversion force (1±3%), after continuous action until the performance is stable, start to test and record data, push and pull each action 5 times, 5 times should be qualified, whichever is the maximum.

6.3 Test of electrical characteristics of electric-air point machine

6.3.1 The test circuit is shown in Figure

3.The circuit of the control relay in the driving diagram should conform to the driving circuit of this type of switch machine or its equivalent circuit.

6.3.2 During the test, the fluctuation range of the rated conversion force is 97%~103% of the specified value, and the fluctuation range of the rated wind pressure is the specified value 95%~105%, and equipped with an air storage tank of no less than 0.8m3, and the air pressure range of the air storage tank is tested under the condition of 0.6MPa~0.8MPa.

6.3.3 After several consecutive actions under the conditions of rated wind pressure and rated conversion force, start to record the test data, push and pull each action 5 times, 5 times should be qualified, whichever is the maximum.

6.4 Performance test of friction coupling and relief valve

6.4.1 After the friction coupling is continuously rubbed for 1 min, record the friction conversion force or friction current value (DC); when the friction coupling is reversed, the friction coupling After rubbing, record the friction conversion force or friction current value (DC).

6.4.2 After the continuous friction of the friction coupling reaches the time specified in the product standard of this type of point machine, it should be able to switch in this type of The rated load is pushed (pulled) within the specified operating time of the machine to switch from one terminal position to another.

6.4.3 When testing the rated conversion force, friction conversion force and hydraulic overflow conversion force, the test shall be calibrated by the pulley weight method; test the friction conversion When the force is converted from the hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic overflow, the action time should not be greater than 15s, and the working current may not be tested.

6.5 Shear resistance test of extrusion pin, coupling pin, locking pin, spare pin, etc. The shear resistance test of the extrusion pin, the coupling pin, the locking pin and the spare pin is carried out under the static load condition using a universal material testing machine. According to the assembly requirements of the switch machine components, the fixture is directly composed of a single extrusion pin (or coupling pin, locking pin, spare pin), rack block and action rod. test During the test, an external force is applied along the axial direction of the action rod, and the external force slowly increases from zero until the shear resistance of the tested piece fails, and it is displayed on the testing machine When the maximum external force value is reached, this value is the shear resistance of the test piece.

6.6 Switching machine action lever, locking lever locking force and squeezing force test The switch machine is in the locked position, and an external force is applied to the action lever and the locking lever along the direction of movement of the switch machine, and the external force increases slowly from zero; The lock fails completely, and the maximum external force in this process is the squeezing force.

6.7 Point machine indicating rod broken indicating test The switch machine action rod and the indicating rod should not be connected with any additional rods, and are in the extended and locked position, and the automatic switch indicates that the contact is connected. Through the display circuit, in the test, first push the display rod to move so that the inspection block is in contact with the inspection column, and then continue to push the display rod to move to the gauge. When the distance is fixed, cut off the indicating circuit. Similarly, when the action lever is in the pull-in and locked position, the indicator lever should be pulled for testing. Indicates that there is When the secondary locking pin is used, the pin should be removed before testing.

6.8 Squeeze turnout test of the rod The switch machine is in the locked position, and a horizontal force is applied to the squeeze indicator rod. The indicator should be reliably disconnected and the contact seat should not be damaged.

6.9 Test of electric empty point machine

6.9.1 Air tightness test When the electric pneumatic switch machine is tested for air tightness, the test wind pressure is

0.6 MPa, and the joints of each pneumatic component and pipeline must be well sealed. Use 10% soap to check. If there is a leak, the soap bubble should not be blown out within 3s.

6.9.2 Spool valve test After the spool valve is assembled, the airtightness test is performed first, and its requirements are the same as in 6.9.1, and then the action test is performed. Both the armature of the solenoid valve and the spool should be flexible.

6.9.3 No-load test With compressed air of specified pressure, the piston should be able to start, and can drive the indicating rod to switch the contacts, and the piston rod should be able to move to the end.

6.10 Leakage test outside the seal

6.10.1 Electro-hydraulic switch machine leakage test Wipe the test area clean before the test, press the clean absorbent paper on the static seal (pipe joint) at the test area, and then remove it. If there is oil on the paper, it is oil leakage.

6.10.2 External leakage test of oil pump Wipe the rotating shaft of the pump to be tested, and press the wiped absorbent paper on the test part. If there are oil stains on the paper, it is leakage and dripping.