GB/T 22140-2018Code for field acceptance test of small hydro turbines (English PDF)

3.1 Terms and definitions

See Appendix A for a complete list of terms and definitions.

3.2 Schematic diagram of hydroelectric generating set

The flow channel of a hydropower station consists of three distinct sections (see Figure 1).

---Upstream runner;

--- Turbine section (between high pressure reference section 1 and low pressure reference section 2);

--- Downstream runners.

Note 1. The hydraulic loss in the upstream and downstream runners should not be attributed to the turbine, but it may affect the hydraulic conditions of the turbine section and reduce the effectiveness of the turbine.

rate. When measuring turbine efficiency, only the energy loss within the turbine section needs to be considered. If it is not possible in the high pressure reference section 1 and the low pressure reference section 2

The energy of the turbine is measured, and the supply and demand sides can agree to change the position of the measurement section.

Note 2. The definitions of the high pressure reference section 1 and the low pressure reference section 2 and the head and specific energy of the most common small turbines are given in Appendix B.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the water turbine generator set

4.1 Guaranteed test level

4.1.1 General requirements

The test range of the hydro-generator set is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Test range

Class A routine test (instrument measurement)

B grade extension test

C grade comprehensive test

Measurement level CBA reference chapter

Safety acceptance test before trial operation 5

Pre-start test (anhydrous test) is yes 5.1

Water flow shut-off device (waterless and water-filled test) is 5.2

The first boot operation (water test) is 5.3

The bearing running at rated speed is 5.4

The emergency stop under no-load conditions is 5.5

Electrical protection is 5.6

The overspeed test is 5.7

Feiyi test does not/choose not/choose not/choose 5.8

Overpressure, emergency shutdown and load rejection test is 5.9

Operation and reliability test (trial operation) 6

The temperature stability of the rotating part is 6.2

Speed control system is/select yes/select yes/select 6.3

The joint relationship test (double adjustment turbine) is 6.4

Performance Guarantee Test 7

a) The maximum output power of the generator (transformer) * * is 7.2

b) Index test 7.3

--- Characteristic curve shape control * Yes - 7.3.3

---The relative efficiency of the power station * Yes - 7.3.4

---Optimize the association relationship * * * 7.3.5

d) Efficiency test 7.4

--- Using absolute flow measurement is - - 7.4.1

--- Using thermodynamics is - - 7.4.2

The result of calculation and comparison is yes 8

The error analysis is yes 9

Other guarantees 10

Cavitation is/choice yes/select yes/select 10.1

Noise does not/choose not/choose not/select 10.2

Vibration does not/choose not/choose not/select 10.3

Note. Yes. contract requirements;

Yes/Selection. Usually yes, but depending on turbine type and site conditions;

No/selection. usually no, but depending on the turbine type and site conditions;

-. No.

*. Included in other trials.

4.1.2 Contract conditions

The guaranteed value of the turbine shall be specified in the contract and includes the test range and the level of the measuring equipment. The safety test shall also always include

Internal conditions such as plant conditions, water quality and installation elevation should also be specified (see Appendix F).

4.2 Performance guarantee range

4.2.1 General requirements

All guaranteed values relate to the hydraulic runner (turbine section) between the reference planes 1 and 2 and the corresponding net head. Guaranteed by each level

Its corresponding data.

4.2.2 Level A. Maximum Output Power

a) The maximum output power of the generator, including the loss of a) to d) in 4.2.5 Pgen,max=f(H)

b) The maximum output power of the transformer, including the loss of a) to e) in 4.2.5, Pmax, max=f(H)

1) Output power - net head curve, see Figure 15;

2) Flow-turbine opening curve, see Figure B.18;

3) See Figure D for the electrical connection diagram.

4.2.3 Grade B. Index Test

Determine the characteristic curve of the newly commissioned turbine, or compare the efficiency of the turbine before and after the transformation of the power station.

a) Characteristic curve shape control etaix=f(Pt)

1) The shape of the expected efficiency curve of the power station, see Figure 16;

2) Possible deviation of the curve, see Figure 16;

3) When measuring the head and ensuring that the head change is greater than 3%, the turbine operating characteristic curve is shown in Figure 19.

Note. Shape control refers to determining the characteristic curve and the relative efficiency of the turbine.

b) Relative efficiency of power station etaplant, ix=f(Pout)

1) Operating characteristic curve, see Figure 19;

2) Generator loss, see Appendix D;

3) See Figure D for the electrical connection diagram.

c) Optimization of the coordination relationship of the double-regulating turbine

For the relationship between the vane opening and the blade angle under static head conditions, see Appendix I.

4.2.4 Class C. Turbine efficiency

a) Absolute flow measurement etat=f(Pt)

b) Thermodynamic method etat=f(Pt)

1) Operating characteristic curve, see Figure 19;

2) Generator loss, see Appendix D;

3) See Figure D for the electrical connection diagram.

4.2.5 Explanation of loss

All parties should agree on the following explanations for the losses caused by mechanical and electrical equipment.

a) turbine bearings and associated equipment;

b) mechanical energy transmission equipment such as gears and conveyor belts;

c) generators, including bearings, excitation systems, mechanical transmissions or electrical connection equipment;

d) mechanical or electrical drive attachments;

e) Transformer.

The following subsystems and devices are not considered.

a) water removal equipment (mud pump);

b) a temporary heating or cooling system;

c) Lighting equipment.

4.3 Test range

4.3.1 Safety acceptance test

If the test results indicate that the unit is not safe to operate, the next step cannot be performed until the fault is found and evaluated.

repair.

4.3.2 Test run and reliability test

After all safety tests have been completed and all tests performed are within the permissible limits, a limited time trial run can be initiated. Trial operation

The line should be no less than 72h.

4.3.3 Performance test

a) General test conditions are as follows.

1) Test method. The measurement and calculation methods of parameters such as flow, power, head, efficiency, speed and loss should be in the general procedure.

Clarify

2) Data points, operating cycles and readings. data points required for the curves in Figure 15 (Level A), Figure 16 (Class B), Figure 18 (Class C)

At least 6, preferably 8 to 10. Each data point is obtained from one or more run cycles (see Figure 25 and Table)

H.4). The number of measurements in one run depends on the measurement method used. In order to eliminate outliers, whether it is prescribed

The measurement of time or any time-based measurement shall be no less than 3 operating cycles;

3) The time interval at which the measuring instrument records data shall be consistent with any variable;

4) Small turbines are usually composed of standard components and should be prevented from running beyond force.

b) The test conditions to be met are as follows.

1) Pulsation and fluctuations in one operating cycle (see Figure 22, Figure 23, Figure 24). Pulsation refers to power, head, flow, and

The high-frequency variation of the rotational speed and other parameters relative to the average value greater than 1 Hz, usually by rivers, pipelines, reservoirs, pressure water pipes and vents

Water head and pressure changes in peripheral areas such as water pipes; fluctuations are long-term changes or trends;

2) The maximum fluctuation of power should not exceed 1.5% of its average value;

3) The maximum fluctuation of the head (pressure) should not exceed 0.5% of its average value;

4) The maximum value of the fluctuation of the speed should not exceed 0.5% of its average value.

c) The inspection requirements after the test are as follows.

1) The preliminary calculation of the test results s...