GB/T 21471-2008Machining allowances and tolerances for steel open die forgings on hammer -- Shafts (English PDF)
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Issued by
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
Level / Type
National · Recommended
Issue date
February 28, 2008
Implementation date
August 1, 2008
Scope
GB/T 21471-2008 (Machining allowances and tolerances for steel open die forgings on hammer -- Shafts) is available as an English-translated PDF.
GB/T 21471-2008 - This Standard specifies the machining allowances and tolerances of open die forgings such as shafts without steps, shafts with steps, and single throw crankshaft, as well as the allowable limit deviations of forging without machining.
This Standard applies to open die forgings of carbon steel and alloy steel with a carbon content not exceeding 0.9% and a total content of other alloy components not exceeding 4%.
For open die forgings that exceed the range specified in this Standard, the allowances and tolerances shall be determined by negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser.
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Document preview — GB/T 21471-2008
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
- ICS
- 77.140.85
- Classification
- J 32
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
Contents
- Foreword...3
- 1 Scope...4
- 2 Normative References...4
- 3 Shafts without Steps...4
- 4 Shafts with Steps...7
- 5 Single Throw Crankshaft...12
- 6 Forgings without Machining...14
Foreword
This Standard revised GB/T 15826.6-1995 Machining Allowances and Tolerances for Steel
Open Die Forgings on Hammer - Shaft without Steps, GB/T 15826.7-1995 Machining
Allowances and Tolerances for Steel Open Die Forgings on Hammer - Shaft with Steps, GB/T
15826.8-1995 Machining Allowances and Tolerances for Steel Open Die Forgings on Hammer
- Single Throw Crankshaft, and GB/T 15826.9-1995 Machining Allowances and Tolerances for
Steel Open Die Forgings on Hammer - Forging without Machining. The major revised contents
are as follows.
--- Integrate GB/T 15826.6-1995, GB/T 15826.7-1995, GB/T 15826.8-1995, and GB/T
15826.9-1995 into one standard.
--- Add table of contents and foreword.
--- Add normative references.
--- Delete the calculation examples in Section 3.4 of GB/T 15826.6-1995, and its content is
given as "Appendix A".
The Appendix A of this Standard is informative.
This Standard was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Forging of
Standardization Administration of China.
Drafting organizations of this Standard. Shanghai Hudong Forging Factory; and Pinghu
Chenren Meter Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard. Sun Changfen, and Dong Zhusheng.
The historical editions replaced by this Standard are as follows.
--- GB/T 15826.6-1995;
--- GB/T 15826.7-1995;
--- GB/T 15826.8-1995;
--- GB/T 15826.9-1995.
Machining Allowances and Tolerances for Steel Open Die
Forgings on Hammer – Shafts
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the machining allowances and tolerances of open die forgings such as
shafts without steps, shafts with steps, and single throw crankshaft, as well as the allowable
limit deviations of forging without machining.
This Standard applies to open die forgings of carbon steel and alloy steel with a carbon content
not exceeding 0.9% and a total content of other alloy components not exceeding 4%.
For open die forgings that exceed the range specified in this Standard, the allowances and
tolerances shall be determined by negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent amendments (excluding
corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard, however, parties who reach an
agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
applies.
GB/T 21469 Machining allowances and tolerances for steel open die forgings on hammer
- General requirement
JB/T 9179.2 Machining allowance and tolerance of open die forgings on hydraulic press -
Round shaft, square shaft and rectangular cross-section
JB/T 9179.3 Machining allowance and tolerance of open die forgings on hydraulic press -
Stepped shaft
3 Shafts without Steps
3.1 The dimensions of open die forgings of the shafts without steps with round, square,
hexagonal, octagonal or rectangular (B/H<=5) cross-section shall be L>2.5D (or A, B, S).
3.2 The machining allowance and tolerance of open die forgings of the shafts without steps
shall comply with the provisions of Figure 1 and Table 1.
3.3 General description
3.3.1 When the ratio of the length of the two sides of the rectangular cross-section shaft without
step B/H >2.5, the allowance alpha of H increases by 20%.
3.3.2 When the part size L/D (or L/B) >20, the allowance alpha increases by 30%.
3.3.3 The rest shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 21469.
3.3.4 For the rectangular cross-section shaft without step, the larger side B and the length L are
used to find alpha in Table 1 to determine the allowances of L and B. The allowance alpha of H is
determined by looking up the length L and the calculated value Hp = (B+H)/2 in Table 1.
3.3.5 For the determination of the forging size of rectangular cross-section shaft without step,
Unit. mm
4 Shafts with Steps
4.1 The ratio of the total length L of open die forging of shaft with step with the circular cross-
section to the maximum step diameter D (L/D) shall be greater than 2.5.
4.2 The machining allowance and tolerance of open die forgings of shafts with steps shall
comply with the provisions of Figure 2 and Table 2.
4.3 General description
4.3.1 The allowance on the diameter and length of each step is determined according to the Unit. mm
4.3.2 When the ratio of the total length L to the diameter Di on certain position of the part is
greater than 20, the allowance of the diameter Di shall be increased by 30%.
4.3.3 When the ratio of two adjacent diameters of a part is greater than 2.5, the diameter
allowance of one part can be increased by 20% according to the principle of saving materials.
4.3.4 Whether the steps and L gear are forged or not shall be determined in accordance with
4.4.
4.3.5 Whether the end flanges and intermediate flanges are forged or not shall be determined in
accordance with 4.5.
4.3.6 The rest shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 21469.
4.4 Forging conditions of steps and L gear
4.4.1 The forging conditions of steps or L gear on forgings shall comply with the provisions of
Figure 3 and Table 3.
4.4.2 When the end step length L1 >=1, it shall be forged.
4.4.3 When the middle step length L2 >=0.81, it shall be forged.
5 Single Throw Crankshaft
5.1 If the crank height H (or D) of single throw crankshaft and eccentric shaft open die forgings
is <=500 mm, the crank length L shall be <= 600 mm.
5.2 The machining allowance and tolerance of single throw crankshaft and eccentric shaft
forgings shall comply with the provisions of Figure 5 and Table 5.
5.3 General description
5.3.1 The machining allowance and tolerance of the crank part are determined according to the
Unit. mm
5.3.2 The machining allowance and tolerance of the cylindrical part (shaft collar, shaft tail and
flange) are determined according to the maximum diameter D and the total length of the part
L1.alpha is increased by 20% according to 4-step shaft forgings.
5.3.3 Whether the step and L gear forged or not is determined according to 4.4.
6 Forgings without Machining
6.1 Forgings without machining are the ones with all or part of the surface not machined.
6.2 The limit deviation of forgings without machining is as follows. the deviation of cross-
section diameter or height shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 6; the deviation
of inner hole diameter or L gear shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 7; and the
deviation of length shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 8.
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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 14 pages — is available in the English PDF.
Referenced standards
Normative references
- GB/T 21469Machining allowances and tolerances for steel open die forgings on hammer -- General requirement
- JB/T 9179.2Machining allowances and tolerances of open die forgings on hydraulic press - Part 2: Round shaft, square shaft and rectangular cross-section
- JB/T 9179.3Machining allowances and tolerances of open die forgings on hydraulic press - Part 3: Stepped shaft
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Related Standards
GB/T 21469-2008 — Machining allowances and tolerances for steel open die forgings on hammer -- General requirement
JB/T 9179.2-1999 — Machining allowances and tolerances of open die forgings on hydraulic presses - Round shafts, square shafts and rectangular sections
JB/T 9179.2-2013 — Machining allowances and tolerances of open die forgings on hydraulic press - Part 2: Round shaft, square shaft and rectangular cross-section
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