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GB/T 20320-2023Wind energy generation systems - Electrical characteristics measurement and assessment of wind turbines (English PDF)

风能发电系统风力发电机组电气特性测量和评估方法

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Issued by

State Administration for Market Regulation

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

May 23, 2023

Implementation date

December 1, 2023

Scope

GB/T 20320-2023 is the English-translated version of 风能发电系统风力发电机组电气特性测量和评估方法.

GB/T 20320-2023 — This document specifies the definitions, measurement procedures and evaluation methods of the electrical characteristic parameters of wind turbines: content include: ---Definition and quantitative description of electrical characteristic parameters of grid-connected wind turbines; --- Measurement procedures for quantifying electrical characteristic parameters; --- Grid-connected standard compliance assessment procedures, such as evaluating the power quality of a certain type of wind turbine installed in a specific site: The measurement procedures in this document apply to a single wind turbine connected to the grid in three phases: This document only requires grid-connected wind power the wind turbines are tested and evaluated, but the measurement procedure is applicable to wind turbines of any capacity: The measured characteristic parameters are only valid for the evaluated wind turbine product platform with specific configuration and operation mode: If an item is tested the characteristics are determined by the control parameters and can affect the operating status of the wind turbine, and should be marked in the test report: For example: disconnection of power grid protection the grid level is related to the parameters of the unit, and the test results are only used to verify whether the grid protection function is normal, and there is no need to measure the specific protection value: The designed measurement procedure has nothing to do with the measurement site as far as possible, so as to ensure that the conclusions of the electrical characteristic parameters measured in a certain test site are consistent: Subject to venue restrictions: This document applies to wind turbines that are connected to a frequency-stabilized grid through a point of common connection: Note: In this document, the system voltage level uses the following terms: ---Low voltage (LV), Un<=1kV; ---Medium voltage (MV), 1kV220kV:

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Document preview — GB/T 20320-2023

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 27.180
Classification: F 11
Replacing: GB/T 20320-2013

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation

Preface
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Symbols and units
5 Abbreviations
6 Wind Turbine Specifications
7 Test conditions and test system
7.1 General
7.2 Overview of test levels
7.3 Test validity
7.4 Test conditions
7.5 Test equipment
8 Electrical characteristic measurement and test procedure
8.1 General
8.2 Power quality test
8.3 Steady state operation
8.4 Control characteristics
8.5 Dynamic performance
8.6 Off-grid test
Appendix A (Informative) Report Format Sample
A:1 Overview
A:2 Basic information of test items
A:3 Power Quality Test
A:4 Steady-state operation
A:5 Dynamic performance (see 8.5)
A:6 Off-grid protection (see 8.6)
Appendix B (Informative) Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker
B:1 Continuous operation
B:2 Switch operation
B:3 Confirmatory tests for flicker measurement procedures
B:4 Detailed definition
Appendix C (Normative) Active Power, Reactive Power and Voltage Measurements
C:1 General
C:2 Reference direction according to Generator Practice
C:3 Calculation of positive, negative and zero sequence components
Appendix D (Informative) Harmonic Evaluation
D:1 General principles
D:2 General analytical methods
D:3 Determination of harmonic amplitudes affected by space harmonics in DFAG systems
Appendix E (informative) Wind turbines and wind farm power quality assessment
E:1 General
E:2 Voltage fluctuations
E:3 Current harmonics, interharmonics and high-frequency components
Appendix F (Informative) Guidelines for Citing Test Results of Different Wind Turbine Generating Sets on the Same Product Platform
References
Fig:3 Schematic diagram of virtual grid used for virtual voltage simulation
Fig:7 Example of PQ curves of wind turbines at different voltage levels
Fig:16 Positive sequence voltage error band of low voltage disturbance when wind turbine is unloaded
Figure A:1 Voltage short-term flicker value changes with active power Figure
Figure A:2 Flicker coefficient changes with active power when the grid impedance phase angle is 30° Figure
Figure A:3 Flicker coefficient changes with active power when the grid impedance phase angle is 50° Figure
Figure A:4 Flicker coefficient changes with active power when the grid impedance phase angle is 70° Figure
Figure A:5 Flicker coefficient changes with active power when the grid impedance phase angle is 85° Figure
Figure A:9 Time series of starting three-phase voltage effective value at rated active power Figure
Figure A:10 Time series of starting three-phase current effective value at rated active power Figure
Figure A:11 Start active power and reactive power time series at rated active power Figure
Figure A:12 Time series of three-phase voltage effective value when generator 1 is switched to 2 Figure
Figure A:13 Time series of three-phase current RMS value when generator 1 is switched to 2 Figure
Figure A:14 Time series of active power and reactive power when generator 1 is switched to 2 Figure
Figure A:15 Three-phase voltage time series when generator 2 is switched to 1 Figure
Figure A:16 Three-phase current time series when generator 2 is switched to 1 Figure
Figure A:17 Time series of active power and reactive power when generator 2 is switched to 1 Figure
Figure A:18 The maximum value of the 95% quantile of each harmonic current
Figure A:19 The maximum value of the 95% quantile of harmonic currents between frequencies
Figure A:20 The maximum value of the 95% quantile of the current high-frequency component at each frequency
Figure A:21 Power curve
Figure A:22 Reactive power and active power
Figure A:23 PQ curve
Figure A:24 PQ curve at maximum voltage
Figure A:25 PQ curve at minimum voltage
Figure A:26 1min average current unbalance degree changes with active power Figure
Figure A:27 Active power reference value, available power and measured power time during static error evaluation test in active power control mode
Sequence
Figure A:28 In the active power control mode, the wind speed time series during the static error evaluation test
Figure A:29 Active power reference value, available power and measured power time during the settling time test in active power control mode
Sequence
Figure A:30 Active power ramp rate limiting test period, available active power and measured active power time series
Figure A:31 During the active ramp rate limit test, the wind speed time series
Figure A:32 Time series of available active power and measured active power during the ramp rate limit test
Figure A:33 During the ramp rate limit test, the wind speed time series
Figure A:34 Time series of available active power and measured active power during the ramp rate limit test
Figure A:35 During the ramp rate limit test, the wind speed time series
Figure A:36 Time series of available active power and measured active power during ramp rate limiting test
Figure A:37 During the ramp rate limit test, the wind speed time series
Figure A:38 During grid frequency change, available active power, measured active power and reference active power time series
Figure A:39 Wind speed time series
Figure A:40 Measured value of active power changing with frequency
Figure A:41 During the grid frequency change, available active power, measured active power and reference active power time series
Figure A:42 Wind speed time series
Figure A:43 Measured value of active power changing with frequency
Figure A:44 Test 1: When 0:25Pn 0:8Pn, time series of available active power, measured active power and grid frequency reference value
Figure A:49 Test 3: When P >0:8Pn, wind speed time series
Figure A:50 Test 4: When P > 0:8Pn, time series of available active power, measured active power and grid frequency reference value
Figure A:51 Test 4: When P >0:8Pn, wind speed time series
Figure A:52 Test 5: when v > vn, time series of available active power, measured active power, grid frequency reference value
Figure A:53 Test 5: When v > vn, wind speed time series
Figure A:54 Test 6: When v > vn, time series of available active power, measured active power and grid frequency reference value
Figure A:55 Test 6: when v > vn, wind speed time series
Figure A:56 During the reactive power control test, the time series of reactive power reference values and measured values is shown in Figure
Figure A:57 During reactive power control test, active power time series Figure
Figure A:58 During the reactive power dynamic response test, the time series of reactive power reference values and measured values Figure
Figure A:59 During reactive power dynamic response test, active power time series Figure
Figure A:60 Three-phase voltage waveform during voltage drop/rise when the wind turbine under test is not connected to the grid
Figure A:61 Three-phase voltage waveform during the recovery period after the voltage drop/rise when the wind turbine under test is not connected to the grid
Figure A:62 When the wind turbine under test is not connected to the grid, the effective value of the three-phase voltage during the test (one cycle)
Figure A:63 When the wind turbine under test is not connected to the grid, the positive sequence component of the voltage during the test is
Figure A:64 Three-phase voltage waveform during voltage drop/rise period when the wind turbine unit under test is connected to the grid
Figure A:65 Three-phase voltage waveform during the recovery period after the voltage drop/rise when the measured wind turbine is connected to the grid
Figure A:66 When the tested wind turbine is connected to the grid, the effective value of the three-phase voltage during the test (one cycle)
Figure A:67 When the wind turbine under test is connected to the grid, the fundamental positive-sequence and negative-sequence voltages during the test period
Figure A:68 When the tested wind turbine is connected to the grid, the effective value of the three-phase current during the test (one cycle)
Figure A:69 When the wind turbine under test is connected to the grid, the fundamental positive sequence and negative sequence currents during the test period
Figure A:70 When the wind turbine under test is connected to the grid, the fundamental positive sequence active power during the test period is
Figure A:71 When the wind turbine under test is connected to the grid, the fundamental positive sequence reactive power during the test period is
Figure A:72 When the wind turbine under test is connected to the grid, the fundamental positive-sequence active current during the test period is
Figure A:73 When the wind turbine under test is connected to the grid, the fundamental positive sequence reactive current during the test period is
Figure A:74 When the wind turbine under test is connected to the grid, the wind speed or available power during the test
Figure A:75 Voltage time series during 10s fault reconnection test
Figure A:76 Time series of active power during 10s fault reconnection test (including recovery phase)
Figure A:77 Wind speed time series during 10s fault reconnection test
Figure A:78 Voltage time series during 60s fault reconnection test
Figure A:79 Active power time series during 60s fault re-connection test (including recovery phase)
Figure A:80 Wind speed time series during 60s fault reconnection test period
Figure A:81 Voltage time series during 600s fault reconnection test
Figure A:82 600s fault reconnection test period (including recovery phase) active power time series
Figure A:83 Wind speed time series during 600s fault reconnection test period
Figure B:1 Measurement procedure for wind turbine flicker during continuous operation
Figure B:2 Measurement procedure for wind turbine voltage variation and flicker during switching operation
Figure C:1 When the generator convention is adopted, the positive direction of the instantaneous phase current of active power, reactive power and instantaneous phase voltage
Figure C:2 Example of power phasors in each quadrant corresponding to instantaneous phase voltage and current when the generator convention is adopted
Figure D:1 Definition of spectral line phase angle under the generator convention (taking the fifth harmonic alphaI5= 120° and alphaU5= 170° as an example, so the fifth
The harmonic phase angle is phi5= 170°-120°= 50°)
Figure D:2 Aggregated harmonic amplitude (dotted line) in the 10s interval and the amplitude calculated directly from the DFT10 period window without aggregation (dotted line) compare
Figure D:3 Comparison of dominant phase angle ratio (PAR)
Figure F:1 Block diagram of a general-purpose wind turbine (source IEC 61400-27-1)
Table A:1 Report Basic Information
Table A:2 main data
Table A:3 Rated parameters
Table A:4 Test conditions
Table A:5 Flicker coefficient of each power range (95% percentile)
Table A:6 Start 50 when cutting into the wind speed
Table A:7 Starting at rated active power
Table A:8 Start-up under the worst working condition when the generator is switched
Table A:9 Basic test information
Table A:10 10min harmonic components (95% percentile) in each power range
Table A:11 Harmonic components (95% percentile) between 10 min in each power range
Table A:12 10min high-frequency components (95% percentile) in each power range
Table A:13 Variation of active power with wind speed
Table A:14 Test data power interval distribution
Table A:15 Maximum active power
Table A:16 Reactive power characteristics
Table A:17 PQ curve
Table A:18 PQ curve at maximum voltage
Table A:19 PQ curve at minimum voltage
Table A:20 P-IUFi
Table A:21 Basic test information
Table A:22 static error
Table A:23 Dynamic response
Table A:24 Basic test information
Table A:25 Calculated value of active power ramp rate at startup
Table A:26 Basic test information
Table A:27 Start-up, active power ramp rate limit
Table A:28 Basic test information
Table A:29 During normal shutdown, active power ramp rate limit
Table A:30 Basic test information
Table A:31 During normal operation, active power ramp rate limit
Table A:32 Basic test information
Table A:33 When 0:25Pn0:8Pn, test
Table A:35 Comprehensive inertia test results
Table A:36 Basic test information
Table A:37 Static error
Table A:38 Dynamic response
Table A:39 Test results when the wind turbine is not connected to the grid
Table A:40 Test results when wind turbines are connected to the grid
Table A:41 Voltage protection test results
Table A:42 Frequency protection test results
Table A:43 Complete protection circuit test results
Table A:44 Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) Test Results
Table A:45 Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) test information
Table A:46 Re-connection test results
Table B:1 The rated value of the wind turbine during the confirmatory test
Table B:2 Relative current fluctuation input value corresponding to flicker coefficient c(psik)=200×(1±5%) when Sk,fic=20Sn
Table B:3 When Sk,fic=50Sn, relative current change input value corresponding to flicker coefficient c(psik)=200×(1±5%)
Table B:4 Test specifications for distorted voltages with multiple zero crossings
Table D:1 Example of measurement results
Table E:1 Index parameters (IEC TR61000-3-6)
Table F:1 Main components affecting the electrical performance of wind turbines

Foreword

This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules for Standardization Documents" drafting:

This document replaces GB/T 20320-2013 "Wind Turbine Power Quality Measurement and Evaluation Method", and GB/T 20320-Compared with:2013, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:

a) Added "off-grid time", "rated active power", "reactive power capability", "short-circuit ratio", "voltage drop", "voltage increase", "fault wear-through "Over", "Low Voltage Ride Through", "High Voltage Ride Through", "Phasor", "Fundamental Positive Sequence Component", "Fundamental Negative Sequence Component", "Fundamental Zero Sequence Balance", "Control Interface", "Wind Farm", "Assessor", "Time Series", "Short Circuit Capacity", "Percentile", "Comprehensive Inertia", "Static Error", "Response Time", "Stable Time", "Rise Time", "Overshoot", "Reaction Time", "Fall Time", "Recovery Time", "Steady State" "Error Band" "Event Start Time" "Wind Turbine Product Platform" "Component Test" "Subsystem" "Subsystem Test" "Available Active power", "Power factor", "Ramp rate", "Reference value", "Active power range", "Virtual grid", "On-site measurement", "On-site measurement "Test" and "wind speed range" terms and definitions (see 3.3, 3:15, 3:16, 3:20, 3:26, 3:27, 3:28, 3:29, 3:30, 3:31, 3:32, 3:33, 3:34, 3:35, 3:36, 3:37, 3:38, 3:39, 3:40, 3:41, 3:42, 3:43, 3:44, 3:45, 3:46, 3:47, 3:48, 3:49, 3:50, 3:51, 3:52, 3:53, 3:54, 3:55, 3:56, 3:57, 3:58, 3:59, 3:60, 3:61, 3:62, 3:63, 3:64, 3:65, 3:66);

b) The terms and definitions of "common connection point", "power collection system", "rated current", "rated wind speed" and "switching operation" have been changed (see 3.11, 3:12, 3:14, 3:17, 3:21, 3:10, 3:11, 3:13, 3:15, 3:18 of the:2013 edition);

c) Delete the term "rated power" (see 3.14 of the:2013 edition);

d) Added "finertia,recovery" "finertia,trigger" "fsim" "HW" "IUF" "PF" "SW" "Umin" "Umax" "UUVRC" "UOVRC" "Upre" symbol (see Chapter 4);

e) The symbols "fm,i" "fy,i" "Nbin" "Nm,i" "Nm,i,cIntroduction this document provides a unified approach to ensure consistency and accuracy in the reporting, testing and evaluation of electrical characteristics of grid-connected wind turbines:

accuracy: This document will apply to the following parties in the wind power industry:

---Wind turbine manufacturers, providing wind turbines that meet the requirements of electrical characteristics;

--- Wind turbine owners, specify the requirements for the electrical characteristics of wind turbines;

--- The operator of the wind turbine, confirming the compliance of the specification or electrical characteristics of the wind turbine;

---Wind turbine planning supervision department, accurately and fairly judges that the installation process of wind turbines meets the design requirements, voltage quality meet deadline;

---Wind turbine certification testing agency, to evaluate the electrical characteristics of this type of wind turbine;

---The power grid planning and dispatching department has the right to decide whether the wind turbines can be connected to the grid:

This document provides measurement and evaluation methods for the electrical characteristics of grid-connected wind turbines, which will be beneficial to the production and installation of wind turbines Planning, licensing, operation, use, testing and commissioning: All parties involved in the wind power industry should use the measurement and analysis techniques described in this document, to ensure consistency and accuracy in the continued development and operation of wind turbines:

The measurement and analysis procedures in this document ensure consistency of test results: Any part of the test content can be carried out independently and issued Report:

Electrical Characteristics of Wind Turbines in Wind Power Generation System Measurement and Evaluation Methods

1 Scope

This document specifies the definitions, measurement procedures and evaluation methods of the electrical characteristic parameters of wind turbines: content include:

---Definition and quantitative description of electrical characteristic parameters of grid-connected wind turbines;

--- Measurement procedures for quantifying electrical characteristic parameters;

--- Grid-connected standard compliance assessment procedures, such as evaluating the power quality of a certain type of wind turbine installed in a specific site:

The measurement procedures in this document apply to a single wind turbine connected to the grid in three phases: This document only requires grid-connected wind power the wind turbines are tested and evaluated, but the measurement procedure is applicable to wind turbines of any capacity:

The measured characteristic parameters are only valid for the evaluated wind turbine product platform with specific configuration and operation mode: If an item is tested the characteristics are determined by the control parameters and can affect the operating status of the wind turbine, and should be marked in the test report: For example: disconnection of power grid protection the grid level is related to the parameters of the unit, and the test results are only used to verify whether the grid protection function is normal, and there is no need to measure the specific protection value:

The designed measurement procedure has nothing to do with the measurement site as far as possible, so as to ensure that the conclusions of the electrical characteristic parameters measured in a certain test site are consistent:

Subject to venue restrictions:

This document applies to wind turbines that are connected to a frequency-stabilized grid through a point of common connection:

Note: In this document, the system voltage level uses the following terms:

---Low voltage (LV), Un<=1kV;

---Medium voltage (MV), 1kV220kV:

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text: Among them, dated references for documents, only the version corresponding to the date is applicable to this document; for undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document:

IEC TR61000-3-7 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 3-7: Limits for installation in medium-voltage, high-voltage and extra-high voltage power systems IEC 61000-4-7:2002/AMD1.2008 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4-7: Testing and Measurement Techniques for Power Supply Systems Note: GB/T 17626.7-2017 Electromagnetic Compatibility Test and Measurement Technology Power Supply System and Connected Equipment Harmonic and Interharmonic Measurement and Measuring Instrument Guide Then (IEC 61000-4-7:2009, IDT) IEC 61000-4-15:2010 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4-15: Test and Measurement Techniques Flicker Meter Function and Design

......
This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 108 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Referenced standards

Normative references

GB/T 17626.7-2017Electromagnetic compatibility -- Testing and measurement techniques -- General guide on harmonics and inter-harmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto

IEC 61000

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