GB/T 20090.16-2016Information technology—Advanced coding of audio and video—Part 16: Broadcasting video (English PDF)

3.1 Reserved

Some specific syntax element values are defined, which are used for future extensions to this section.

Note. These values do not appear in the bitstream that conforms to this section.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.1]

3.2 Variable length coding

A reversible entropy coding process that assigns short codewords to symbols with higher frequency of occurrence and assigns long codewords to frequency of occurrence

Low symbol.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.2]

3.3 Transform coefficient

A scalar on the transform domain.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.3]

3.4 Code representation encodingpresentation

The format of the data after encoding.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.4]

3.5 Encoding process

Generate a process that conforms to this part of the bitstream.

Note. This section does not specify this process.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.5]

3.6 Encoder

The implementation of the encoding process.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.6]

3.7 Coded image codedpicture

An encoded representation of a frame of image.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.7]

3.8 Flag

A binary variable.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.8]

3.9 Compensation

The sum of the sample residual obtained by decoding the syntax element and its corresponding predicted value is obtained.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.9]

3.10 Residual

The difference between the reconstructed value of a sample or data element and its predicted value.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.10]

3.11 Reference index

Decodes the reference image or the number of the field in the image buffer.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.12]

3.12 Reference image

An image used for subsequent inter-frame prediction in the decoding process.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.13]

3.13 Layer

The hierarchical structure in the bit stream, the upper layer contains the lower layer. The coding layers are in descending order. sequence, image, stripe, macroblock and block.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.14]

3.14 Field

It consists of the inter-phased lines of the three sample matrices constituting the frame.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.15]

3.15 Grade profile

A subset of the grammar, semantics, and algorithms specified in this section.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.16]

3.16 Binary symbol binarybin

Symbols that make up a binary symbol string, including "0" and "1".

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.17]

3.17 Binary symbol string

An ordered sequence of finite bit binary symbols, the leftmost symbol being the most significant bit (MSB) and the rightmost symbol being the least significant bit (LSB).

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.18]

3.18 Component

A single matrix of the sample's three sample matrices (luminance and two chrominances) or a single sample in the matrix.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.19]

3.19 Inverse transform

The process of converting a matrix of transform coefficients into a matrix of spatial samples.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.20]

3.20 Inverse quantization

The process of obtaining transform coefficients after scaling the quantized coefficients.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.21]

3.21 Raster scan

Mapping a two-dimensional rectangular grating to a one-dimensional grating, the entrance of the one-dimensional grating starting from the first line of the two-dimensional grating, and then scanning the second line, the first

Three lines, and so on. The lines in the raster are scanned from left to right.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.22]

3.22 Macroblock

Includes a 16×16 luma sample block and corresponding chroma sample block.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.24]

3.23 Macroblock address

Starting from the macroblock in the upper left corner of the image, it is numbered in the order of the raster scan, and the start number is 0.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.25]

3.24 Macroblock line

At the same vertical position of the encoded image, the macroblocks that are continuous from the left border to the right border have a height of 16 samples.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.26]

3.25 Macroblock position

The two-dimensional coordinates of a macroblock in an image, expressed as (x, y).

Example. If the encoded data of two fields of the current image are merged into a frame, the macroblock (x, y) = (0, 0) in the upper left corner of the image, for each macroblock column, from left to right x

Add 1 to each macro block row, and add 1 from top to bottom y. If the encoded data of the two fields of the current image appear in sequence, the macroblock (x, y) of the upper left corner of the first field = (0,0), for each macroblock column of the first field, add 1 from left to right x, for each macroblock row of the first field, add 1 from top to bottom y; second field upper left Corner macroblock (x, y) = (0, (H 31) > > 5), H is the number of lines scanned in the vertical direction of the image. For each macroblock column of the second field, add 1 from left to right, followed by 2 Field

For each macro block line, add 1 from top to bottom y.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.27]

3.26 Backward prediction

The current image is predicted with a future reference image in display order.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.28]

3.27 Partitioning

The process of dividing a collection into subsets. Each element in the collection belongs to and belongs to only one subset.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.29]

3.28 Level

A defined set of syntax element and syntax element parameter values at a certain level.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.30]

3.29 AC coefficient

AC coefficient

A transform coefficient whose index number is not all 0 on the two-dimensional transform domain.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.31]

3.30 Decoding processing

Parsing process and decoding process.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.32]

3.31 Decoding process

The process of generating a decoded image from a syntax element.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.33]

3.32 Decoder

The entity that completes the decoding process.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.34]

3.33 Decoding order

The decoding process decodes the order of each frame of image based on the prediction relationship between the images.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.35]

3.34 Decoded image

The image reconstructed by the decoder based on the bitstream.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.36]

3.35 Decoded image buffer

A buffer that stores decoded images and is used to predict, output reorder, and output timing.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.37]

3.36 Parsing process parse

The process of obtaining a syntax element from a bitstream.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.38]

3.37 Forbidden

Some specific syntax element values are defined and should not appear in the bitstream that conforms to this section.

Note. The purpose of disabling certain values is usually to avoid the occurrence of pseudo-start codes in the bitstream.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.39]

3.38 Block

An M (column) × N (row) sample matrix or a matrix of transform coefficients. A block of size 8×8 is also called a sub-block.

Note. Rewrite GB/T 20090.2-2013, define 2.40.

3.39 Block scan

A specific serial ordering of quantized coefficients.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.41]

3.40 Brightness luma

A matrix of samples or a single sample representing the luminance signal.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.42]

3.41 Quantization parameter

A parameter that inversely quantizes the quantized coefficients during the decoding process.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.43]

3.42 Quantization coefficient

The value of the inverse transform coefficient is inverse quantized.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.44]

3.43 X grade decoder

A decoder capable of decoding a bit stream that conforms to a certain level of specification.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.45]

3.44 Start code

A 32-bit binary codeword whose form is unique throughout the bitstream.

Note. The start code has multiple uses, one of which is to begin by identifying the bitstream syntax structure.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.46]

3.45 Forward prediction

The current image is predicted with the reference image past in the display order.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.47]

3.46 Forward interframe decoding image

P frame

Only forward-decoded decoded images are used in inter prediction.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.48]

3.47 Chroma

Cr, Cb

A matrix of samples or a single sample of either of the two color difference signals.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.49]

3.48 Video sequence sequence

The highest level syntax structure of the encoded bitstream, including one or more consecutive encoded images.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.50]

3.49 Output reordering delay

The delay between decoding one frame of image in the bitstream to outputting the decoded image. This is made up of different image display order and decoding order.

Into.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.51]

3.50 Output processing

The process of outputting a frame or field from a decoded image.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.52]

3.51 Output order

The order in which the decoded images are output is the same as the display order.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.53]

3.52 Bidirectional prediction

The current image is predicted with past and future reference images in display order.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.54]

3.53 Bidirectional inter-frame decoded image

B frame

An image that is decoded using bidirectional prediction is used in inter prediction.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.55]

3.54 Random access to randomaccess

The ability to decode the bitstream and recover the decoded image from a point rather than the starting point of the bitstream.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.56]

3.55 Random access point

A point in the bitstream that can be accessed randomly.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.57]

3.56 Fill bit stuffingbits

The bit string inserted into the bit stream at the time of encoding is discarded at the time of decoding.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.58]

3.57 Stripe slice

Several consecutive macroblocks arranged in raster scan order.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.59]

3.58 Strip head sliceheader

A portion of the encoded stripe is the encoded representation of the macroblock common data element in the stripe.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.61]

3.59 Skipped macroblock

There are no other macroblocks of encoded data except the "skip" indication.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.62]

3.60 Image reordering

The process of reordering decoded images if the decoding order and the output order are different.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.63]

3.61 Bit string

An ordered sequence of constellation bits with the leftmost bit being the most significant bit (MSB) and the rightmost bit being the least significant bit (LSB).

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.64]

3.62 Bit stream

The binary data stream formed by the encoded image.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.65]

3.63 Bitstream buffer

A buffer that stores bitstreams.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.66]

3.64 Bit stream order

The order in which the encoded images are arranged in the bitstream is the same as the order in which the images are decoded.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.67]

3.65 Display order

Displays the order in which the images are decoded.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.68]

3.66 Sample

The basic elements that make up an image.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.69]

3.67 Sample aspect ratio widthheightratio

The ratio of the horizontal distance between the columns of luminance samples in a frame of image to the vertical distance between the lines. Expressed as.

H÷v

In the formula.

h---horizontal width;

v---vertical height.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.70]

3.68 Sample value

The amplitude of the sample.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.71]

3.69 Run

The number of consecutive identical data elements in the decoding process. On the one hand, it refers to a non-zero coefficient in the block scan (along the block scan

The number of coefficients with a value of 0; on the other hand, the number of macroblocks skipped.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.72]

3.70 Predictive prediction

The specific implementation of the forecasting process.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.73]

3.71 Predictive process

The current decoded samples or data elements are estimated using a predictor.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.74]

3.72 Predictive value

A combination of previously decoded samples or data elements used in the decoding of samples or data elements.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.75]

3.73 Syntax element

The result of parsing the data unit in the bitstream.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.76]

3.74 Source

Encode the pre-video material or some of its properties.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.77]

3.75 Motion vector

A two-dimensional vector for inter prediction, from the current image to a reference image, the value of which is the coordinate offset between the current block and the reference block.

[GB/T 20090.2-2013, definition 2.78]

3.76 Frame

...