GB 44240-2024Secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems - Safety requirements (English PDF)

1 Scope

GB 44240-2024 is the Chinese national standard on secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems - safety requirements, in the field of electrical engineering. It carries no /T suffix, which in the Chinese system means compliance is mandatory: a product or a practice within its scope has to meet it to be lawfully made, sold or carried out in China. It was issued on 24 July 2024 by the State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of China, and has been in force since 1 August 2025. Classification: ICS 29.220.99, CCS K82. This page is published from the official record of the standard held by the Chinese standards administration: the identification, the dates, the classification and the issuing body are taken from there. The clause text, the tables and the numeric limits are in the document itself, which is delivered complete in English translation.

This document specifies the safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems. The corresponding test methods are described. This document applies to secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems (hereinafter referred to as cells and batteries). The electrical energy storage system applications include, but are not limited to.

a) Telecommunications;

b) Central emergency lighting and alarm system;

c) Stationary engine start-up;

d) Photovoltaic system;

e) Large-capacity energy storage. grid-connected/off-grid. The electrical energy storage systems listed above do not include all devices, and therefore devices not listed may also be included within the scope of this document. The batteries covered by this document typically have a rated energy of 100 kWh or higher. Safety requirements for batteries with a rated energy of 100 kWh or lower are specified in GB 40165.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

GB/T 2423.5, Environmental testing -- Part

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 secondary lithium cell A storage battery that generates electrochemical energy through lithium-ion insertion/extraction reactions or lithium redox reactions between the positive and negative electrodes. NOTE. Batteries typically contain an electrolyte in liquid, sol, or solid form, consisting of a mixture of lithium salt and organic solvent, and are encapsulated in metal or film. Because they lack a casing, external terminals, and electronic control devices, they cannot be used in equipment. [Source: IEC 63056.2020, 3.7]

3.2 large secondary lithium cell A secondary lithium cell with a total mass exceeding 500 g. NOTE. The term is referred to as large battery in this document.

3.3 cell block A group of batteries connected in parallel may or may not have protective devices [such as fuses or positive temperature coefficient thermistors (PTC)] and monitoring circuitry.

3.29 type test A test conducted on representative samples. It is used to determine whether its design and manufacture meet the requirements of this document. [Source: GB 4943.1-2022, 3.3.6.15, modified]

4 Test conditions

4.1 Applicability of the test The tests specified in this document shall be conducted only when safety is involved. Unless otherwise specified, samples are not required to be usable after testing.

4.2 Environmental conditions of the test Unless otherwise specified, tests shall generally be conducted under the following conditions.

a) Temperature. 25°C ± 5°C.

b) Relative humidity. not greater than 75%.

c) Atmospheric pressure. 86 kPa106 kPa.

4.3 Parameter measurement tolerance The accuracy of all control or measurement values relative to the specified or actual values shall be limited to the following tolerance range.

a) Voltage. ±0.5%.

b) Current. ±1%.

c) Temperature. ±2°C.

e) Dimensions. ±1%.

f) Mass. ±1%. The above tolerances include the accuracy of the measuring instruments used, the testing methods employed, and all other errors introduced during the testing process.

4.4 Temperature measurement methods Thermocouple method is used to measure the surface temperature of the sample. The temperature test point is selected as the most unfavorable temperature point as the basis for test judgment. NOTE. Auxiliary methods, such as infrared devices, can be used to find the most unfavorable point.

5 General safety requirements

5.1 General safety considerations The safety of cells and batteries is considered from the following two conditions.

a) Normal conditions;

b) Reasonably foreseeable misuse, abuse, and malfunction conditions. The battery system shall have a system lock or system lock function. When one or more batteries in the battery system deviate from their normal operating Use Chinese characters to indicate the following.

a) Product name and model;

b) Rated capacity, rated energy, nominal voltage, limited charging voltage, end of discharge voltage;

c) Positive and negative polarity can be represented using the words "positive" and "negative", "+" and "-" symbols, or different colors (such as red and black);

d) Manufacturer;

e) Production date or batch number. The rated energy value shall meet the definition of rated energy. All battery marks shall be clearly displayed on the battery itself, including Chinese guiding terms such as "model, rated capacity, rated energy, nominal voltage, limited charging voltage, and manufacturer," which shall correspond to the specific details. The production date or batch number may be exempt from using guiding terms. The rated capacity, manufacturer (or manufacturer code), production date or batch number, model and positive and negative polarity of the battery shall be marked on the battery body. Other marks may be marked on the packaging or specification sheet. The battery body shall also be labeled with.

a) The safe service life, specified as "the safe service life of the battery pack under normal use conditions is × years"; NOTE

1.Unless otherwise specified, the "year" shall be determined by the enterprise based on the characteristics of the product model. NOTE

2.As the battery is continuously charged and discharged, its safety may decrease, and its capacity, internal resistance, and other properties may also change.

b) A unique code for the battery pack. The code must include at least the manufacturer's code and shall be a high-temperature resistant, permanent identifier. For secondary lithium cells and batteries with identification codes, the coding rules shall comply with the relevant national or industry standards. NOTE

3.The meaning of the manufacturer's code shall be explained on the smallest package or in the specification sheet. NOTE

4.The meaning of the batch number shall be explained on the smallest package or in the specification sheet, and shall include the production date information. following provisions.

6 Battery electrical safety

6.1 High-temperature external short circuit After fully charging the battery according to the test method specified in 4.5.1, place it in an environment of 57°C ± 4°C. After the battery reaches 57°C ± 4°C, leave it for another 30 min. Then connect the positive and negative terminals of the battery with wires. Ensure that the total external resistance does not exceed 5 mOmega. Monitor the battery temperature change during the test. The test shall be terminated if either of the following two conditions occurs.

a) The battery temperature drops to 80% of the peak temperature rise.

b) The short-circuit time reaches 6 h. Observe for 1 h after the test ends. The battery shall not catch fire or explode. In case of dispute, choose the stricter option between

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