GB 40160-2021Safety rules for elevating work platforms (English PDF)

5.3 Bolt connection

5.3.1 High-strength bolts should be used for the connecting bolts of the main stressed components, and the mechanical properties of the fasteners of the high-strength bolt connection pair should meet GB/T 3098.1 and GB/T 3098.2 regulations, and should have performance level marks and certificates.

5.3.2 The design, construction and acceptance of the high-strength bolt connection of the main load-bearing components shall meet the requirements of JGJ82.

5.4 Stairs, ladders, guardrails and straight ladders

5.4.1 Stairs, ladders and guardrails should meet the requirements of GB/T 17888.3.

5.4.2 The straight ladder should meet the requirements of GB/T 17888.4.

5.5 Maintain platforms, working platforms, walkways and skirting boards

5.5.1 Maintenance platforms, walkways, skirting boards and guardrails for self-maintenance should be installed in the operation and maintenance areas above 2m from the ground, and should comply with The following requirements.

a) The maintenance platform and walkway should be made of metal materials, and the bottom plate should have drainage and anti-slip properties. When using round holes, grids or When it cannot form a continuous plane material, the size of the hole or gap should not allow a sphere with a diameter of 15 mm to pass through; in any case Under the circumstances, the area of the hole or gap should be less than 400mm2.

b) The width of the maintenance platform and walkway should not be less than 500mm, and the local obstruction can be reduced to 400mm. Maintain platforms and walkways Every part where the operator may stay should not be permanently deformed, and should be able to withstand the following loads. - A load of.2000N applied vertically at any position on the surface of the maintenance platform through a disc with a diameter of 125mm; - Evenly distributed load of 4500N/m2.

5.5.2 The edge of the working platform or walkway should be provided with skirting boards not less than 150mm high. In the place where the operator needs to cross, kick the foot The height of the board can be reduced to 100mm.

5.5.3 The height of the guardrail should meet the requirements of the relevant product standards of the lifting work platform, and the distance between the crossbar and the skirting board of the guardrail should be not large. The middle crossbar of 500mm. For special work occasions where the height of the guardrail needs to be reduced, the relevant standards should be met for the safety of the guardrail Claim.

5.5.4 Chains or ropes should not be used as guardrails or entrance doors.

5.5.5 The entrance door should not be folded or opened outward, it should be able to close automatically, or be interlocked by electric control to prevent the working platform from being at the entrance. Run when the door is open.

5.5.6 The trap door on the bottom plate of the working platform shall be firmly installed on the working platform, and shall be reliably locked and shall not be opened downward or to the side. slide.

5.6 Retirement of structural parts

5.6.1 When the main structural parts cannot meet the requirements for safe use due to corrosion, wear and other reasons, they should be repaired or strengthened, otherwise they should be scrapped.

5.6.2 When the main force-bearing member is permanently deformed and cannot be repaired, it shall be scrapped.

5.6.3 The main force-bearing member shall not be repaired after the overall failure, and shall be scrapped.

5.6.4 When cracks occur in structural parts and welds, the reasons should be analyzed, and strengthening measures should be taken according to the stress and crack conditions. Should reach the original design It can only be used if required, otherwise it should be scrapped.

6.1 General requirements

6.1.1 When designing the components of the mechanism, they should meet their strength (including fatigue strength), stability, and stability during transportation, installation, use, and testing. Wear resistance and other safety requirements.

6.1.2 Each mechanism should ensure that the lifting work platform moves smoothly and accurately when lifting, lowering, rotating, luffing, stretching, and walking, without jamming, crawling, Vibration, shock, and abnormal increase in drive power.

6.1.3 The fixing strength of the end of the wire rope should be able to withstand not less than 80% of the minimum breaking force of the wire rope.

6.1.4 The end of the steel wire rope shall be fixed with braided joints, aluminum alloy pressed joints, steel pressed joints, wedge joints, etc. Load-bearing wire rope The end of the cable should not be fixed with U-shaped bolts and rope clamps.

6.2.1 Chassis, running system and stabilizer

6.2.1.1 The chassis, walking system and stabilizer of the mobile elevating work platform shall comply with the provisions of

5.3 of GB/T 25849-2010.

6.2.1.2 The walking mechanism of the mobile elevating work platform shall be capable of traction and movement after the power is cut off.

6.2.1.3 The self-propelled elevating work platform shall be equipped with service brake and parking brake system.

6.2.1.4 The shifting and steering operations of the traveling system shall be flexible.

6.2.1.5 The brake of the parking brake system shall be provided with a device capable of maintaining the braking state after the braking action.

6.2.1.6 When the lifting work platform has outriggers, the vertical outriggers and horizontal outriggers should be able to operate independently. When operating the outriggers, the operator should be able to Chu saw the direction of movement of the outriggers.

6.2.2 Extension structure

6.2.2.1 The extension structure shall meet the requirements of

5.4 of GB/T 25849-2010.

6.2.2.2 The extension structure transmission system shall meet the requirements of

5.5 in GB/T 25849-2010.

6.2.2.3 If two or more supporting devices are used in the extension structure of the working platform, the supporting devices shall be synchronized during the lifting process.

6.2.2.4 If a two-layer or multi-layer structure is used for the vertical lifting and extension structure, it shall be lifted from the lower layer to the upper layer in order when it is rising, and it shall be lifted from the top when it is lowered. Decrease from floor to floor.

6.2.2.5 For the plate chain sheaves used in the extension structure, the groove bottom diameter shall not be less than 5 times the pitch of the plate chain.

6.2.2.6 An auxiliary descent device shall be provided, which shall be able to function when the main power fails.

6.2.3 Work platform

6.2.3.1 When the extension structure is extended or due to the load and force during operation, the working platform and the horizontal plane or the chassis plane or any other The level of the rotating plane should not change more than 5°.

6.2.3.2 The working platform should be made of flame-retardant materials, that is, materials that will not continue to burn after the fire source is removed.

6.2.3.3 The movement of the working platform relative to the extension shall be provided with a mechanical limit.

6.2.3.4 Except for scissor or mast elevating work platforms, other types of elevating work platforms should be equipped with safety belt suspension points.

6.3.1 Lifting drive system

6.3.1.1 The rated speed when the working platform is raised and lowered should not be greater than 0.2m/s.

6.3.1.2 Measures shall be taken to prevent the uppermost guide wheel or guide shoe from sliding out of the top of the guide rail during normal operation. Further measures should be taken To ensure that under any circumstances (including installation and disassembly), the gear of the safety device will not disengage from the rack; other mechanical safety The device should also ensure that the working platform will not accidentally slide down.

6.3.1.3 The rack and pinion drive system shall meet the following requirements.

a) Under any load conditions, measures should be taken to make the rack and the drive gear and the safety gear gear mesh normally. This measure should not be Depends on the guide wheels of the lifting work platform. The device used should be able to limit the axial movement of the gear and should ensure at least 2/3 of the tooth width It is in mesh with the rack.

b) In the event of failure of the back wheel or other meshing control parts, partial bending or deflection of the guide frame, the deviation distance of the gear should be ensured Not more than 1/3 of the tooth height during normal meshing.

c) Gears should not be used as guide wheels. When the guide wheel or guide shoe fails, there should be measures to keep the working platform stable.

d) The installation position of the safety gear should be lower than any drive gear.

e) The strength design of the drive gear should meet the requirements of ISO 6336-1, ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and GB/T 3480.5. Considering the actual stress of each gear tooth under the total static load, the safety factor of gear tooth strength should not be less than 1.5.

f) The rack should be made of materials that match the wear resistance of the drive gear, and the strength of the gear teeth should be in accordance with ISO 6336-1, ISO 6336-

2.Design according to ISO 6336-3 and GB/T 3480.5.The strength of the tooth is calculated according to the actual stress, and the minimum safety system The number is 1.5.

g) The modulus of gears and racks should not be less than. - Modulus

4.If the back wheel or other meshing control parts of the drive system do not contact with other parts of the guide frame and directly act on the teeth Article; - Modulus

6.If the back wheel of the drive system or other meshing control parts pass through another guide frame part that is in direct contact with the rack kick in.

6.3.1.4 The ratchet drive system shall meet the following requirements.

6.3.2 Work platform

6.3.2.1 During the normal operation and operation of the lifting working platform, the working platform shall be kept horizontal when bearing the rated load and other forces. The allowable error is ±2°; in any other working conditions, the maximum allowable error between the working platform and the horizontal direction is ±5°.

6.3.2.2 The height difference between the extension platform and the main platform bottom plate should not be greater than 0.5m.

6.3.2.3 If the elevating working platform is installed along the wall and the distance between the working platform and the wall is greater than 0.3m but not more than 0.5m, A guardrail with a height of not less than 0.7m should be installed (there can be no intermediate crossbar, but there should be skirting boards); if the gap is greater than 0.5m, it should be installed A guardrail with a height of not less than 1.1m; if the gap is not greater than 0.3m, it is not necessary to install a guardrail.

6.3.2.4 The protective device should be installed to prevent personnel from touching the guide frame, and the installation height should not be less than 2m.

6.3.2.5 The multi-level working platform shall meet the following requirements.

a) When the additional platform is installed above or below the main platform, the following requirements shall be met. - The distance between the bottom plates of the two working platforms should not be greater than 3m; - There should be a fixed entrance between the two working platforms in the protective area of the lifting working platform.

b) When two or more working platforms share the same guide frame and are driven separately, the following requirements should be met. 1) A protective roof should be installed on the working platform at a low position, and the protective roof should meet the following requirements. - It can bear a uniform load of 100kg in any area of 0.1m×0.1m; - It can prevent a sphere with a diameter of 15mm from passing through. 2) Under any working conditions, the closest distance between the two working platforms should not be less than 2.5m.

6.3.3 Underframe and chassis

6.3.3.1 The connection between the underframe and chassis and other components (such as guide frame and cantilever legs, etc.) should be safe and reliable.

6.3.3.2 The chassis driven by wheels (except for road transportation) shall be equipped with a braking device, which shall be used under the ground conditions and horizontal moving speed permitted by the manufacturer. Under the most unfavorable combinations of height, maximum slope, and height and length of the lifting work platform, the chassis should be able to stop and remain stationary. state. Only by manually releasing the brake device can it maintain its released state. Under all other conditions, the braking device should be able to automatically start. The method of braking should not rely on exhaustible energy.

6.3.3.3 The supporting legs of the outriggers should be able to rotate a certain angle in any direction, and the angle should not be less than the maximum slope plus the maximum slope specified by the manufacturer. Up 10°.

6.3.3.4 The outriggers, outrigger beams and the parts of the underframe or chassis that exceed the main outline of the working platform shall be painted with safety colors.

6.4.1 Suspended Platform/Gondola

6.4.1.1 The lifting speed of the suspended platform/suspended ship should not be greater than 0.3m/s.

6.4.1.2 The rated load and the number of persons allowed to be carried and other precautions shall be marked permanently and conspicuously on the obvious part of the suspended platform/suspended ship.

6.4.1.3 The minimum height of the hanger shall meet the stability of the suspended platform/gondola when the rated load is placed; in the most unfavorable load situation, the suspension The distance between the center of gravity of the platform/gondola and the inner side of the guardrail should not be less than 150mm; the lateral inclination angle of the suspended platform/gondola should not be greater than 8°.

6.4.1.4 Additional requirements for suspended platforms/suspended ships working on slopes.

a) When the suspended platform/gondola works along an inclined plane, ensure that the horizontal and longitudinal inclination angle of the bottom plate is less than 8°.

b) The design of the climbing type lifting mechanism and the rope retractor should be able to avoid the slack of the working wire rope and the safety wire rope. If the wire rope appears loose Relax, the descent should stop automatically.

c) If the elevation continues to descend vertically at the bottom end of the inclined plane, the equipped limit switch should be able to detect the bottom end of the inclined plane and make the suspended platform/gondola free The movement stops falling.

d) When the power supply fails, the equipment should have measures to allow the operator to evacuate safely.

6.4.1.5 The suspension seat shall meet the following requirements.

a) The operator can easily access all control buttons including emergency stop buttons;

b) Equipped with corresponding fall protection safety ropes. When protecting, the safety ropes should be connected to the hanger.

6.4.2 Lifting mechanism

6.4.2.1 General requirements There should be a device for measuring or recording the working hours of the lifting mechanism.

6.4.2.2 Mechanical transmission The mechanical transmission of the hoisting mechanism should adopt gears, racks, screws, chains and other transmission forms, and should not adopt frictional transmission forms.

6.4.2.3 Main brake 6.4.2.3.1 The hoisting mechanism should be equipped with a main brake. The main brake should meet the following requirements.

a) When the manual force applied to the crank or handle is terminated, the main power source fails or the power source of the control circuit fails, the main brake Should be able to function automatically;

b) The lifting mechanism statically bears

1.5 times the ultimate working load for 15 minutes, and the main brake should have no slippage or creep;

c) When the hoisting mechanism bears

1.25 times the ultimate working load and the suspended platform/suspended ship is running at the rated speed, the main brake should be Brake the suspended platform/gondola within a distance of 100mm. 6.4.2.3.2 When an electromechanical main brake is used, in addition to the requirements of 6.4.2.3.1, it shall also meet the following requirements.

a) During normal operation, the continuous current should make the brake in a non-braking state. This current should be interrupted by an independent electrical device. If brake If the coil is powered by a DC power supply, a separate contactor should be installed in the DC circuit to interrupt the DC current.

b) When the hoisting motor has a function similar to that of a generator (e.g. suspended platform/descent of a suspended working platform), the electrical device that controls the brake should not be Drive the motor to supply power. When opening the brake opening circuit, the brake should take effect within 0.3s.

c) The brake should be activated by a compression spring. When the spring is compressed, its maximum stress should not be greater than 80% of the ultimate shear stress. 6.4.2.3.3 When pneumatic or hydraulic-mechanical main brakes are used, they shall meet the following requirements in addition to the requirements of 6.4.2.3.1.

a) During normal operation, the brake should be made to obtain continuous liquid or pneumatic pressure in a non-braking state.

b) The design of the brakes should be able to prevent the suspended platform/suspended ship from falling down artificially. Unless the motor provides enough to keep the suspended platform/gondola Enough torque, the brake should not be in the open state.

c) The brake should be activated by a compression spring. When the spring is compressed, its maximum stress should not be greater than 80% of the ultimate shear stress.