GB 25990-2010Rear-marking plates for vehicles and their trailers [including MODIFICATION 1 2015-XG] (English PDF)

3.2.2 SMV rear-marking plate (class 2)

a rear-marking plate that only has retroreflective material or device, the shape is a triangle with a truncated corner, for slow-moving vehicles

3.2.3 rear-marking plate for heavy vehicles (class 1)

a rear-marking plate that is alternatingly composed of red fluorescent material and yellow retroreflective material, the shape is a rectangle

3.2.4 rear-marking plate for long vehicles (class 2)

a rear-marking plate that the frame is made of red fluorescent material, the center is made of yellow retroreflective material, the shape is rectangular

3.2.5 rear-marking plate for heavy vehicles (class 3)

a rear-marking plate that is alternatingly composed of red and yellow retroreflective materials, the shape is rectangular

3.2.6 rear-marking plate for long vehicles (class 4)

a rear-marking plate that the frame is made up of red retroreflective material, and the center is made up of yellow retroreflective material, the shape is rectangular

3.3 Geometric definition

NOTE. See Figure A.1 of Annex A.

3.3.1 reference centre

retrieving a point on or near the reflective surface as the center of the performance of the specified device

3.3.2 illumination axis

a connection line between the reference center and the light source

3.3.3 observation axis

a connection line between the reference center and the photometric probe

3.3.4 observation angle (symbol alpha)

an angle between the illumination axis and the viewing axis, usually positive;

for retroreflection, the viewing angle is limited to small angles; the maximum range is 0<=alpha<=80° luminous intensity I of the returning reflection region from the observation direction, Illuminance that is perpendicular to the direction of the incident light at the position of the return reflecting surface E as well as the sample unit is given by illuminated area A, i.e., R’=I/( E .A); the unit of the coefficient R' is cd/(lx.m2)

3.4.2 angular diameter of the retroreflector sample (symbol eta)

reverberating the maximum size of the sample to the center of the illumination source, or an angle to the center of the receiver

3.4.3 luminance factor

the ratio of the brightness of the object being studied TO the brightness of the ideal diffuser, under the same illumination and observation conditions

5.1 General requirements

5.1.1 The rear-marking plate shall maintain its proper function under normal

conditions of use and work continuously. In addition, there shall be no defects in design or manufacturing that affect its function.

5.1.2 The components of the rear-marking plate shall not be easily

disassembled.

5.1.3 The way the rear-marking plate is fixed to the rear of the vehicle shall be

stable and durable, for example using screws or riveting.

5.1.4 The outer surface of the rear-marking plate shall be easy to clean. The

surface shall not be rough. Any protrusions shall have no hindrance to cleaning.

- Bond strength test (for bonding materials);

- Water resistance test;

- Collision resistance test (except plastic three-corner reflector);

- Cleaning resistance test;

- Temperature resistance test;

- Ruggedness test.

6.1 General requirements as well as shape, size and structural tests

The provisions of 5.1 and 5.2 are determined visually.

6.2 Chroma test of rear-marking plate

6.2.1 Visually compare the standard colorimetric template and the testing

sample unit or sample block under the illumination that is equivalent to a standard light source specified in GB/T 3978. Qualitatively determine whether it meets the requirements of light color.

6.2.2 If there is any objection to the qualitative determination by visual

comparison, take the most objectionable sample unit. Determine the chromaticity coordinates using the quantitative method according to the requirements of 5.3 to determine whether it meets the requirements.

6.3 Photometric test of rear-marking plate

6.3.1 The photometric test conditions of the rear-marking plate are shown in

6.3.2 The angle of the light source to the sample unit shall be no more than 80'.

6.4 Environmental test of reflector

6.4.1 Temperature resistance test

Sample unit length is not less than 300mm.

6.4.1.1 The sample unit of SMV rear-marking plate shall be placed continuously

for 48h in a dry atmosphere at 65°C +/- 2°C. The sample units of rear-marking plates for heavy vehicles and long vehicles shall be placed continuously in a dry atmosphere at 65°C +/- 2°C for 12h (48h for molded plastic retroreflectors).

value in 6.4.2.5.1.

6.4.3 Corrosion resistance test

6.4.3.1 The sample unit shall be subjected to a 50h salt spray test in which the

spray is applied for 24h, at intervals of 2h and then sprayed for a further 24h (the sample unit is allowed to dry naturally in the test chamber during the 2h interval). The test temperature is 35°C +/- 2°C. Salt spray concentration weight percentage. water (impurities not more than 0.02%) is 5.95.

6.4.3.2 After the test, the sample unit shall be free of corrosion that impairs the

efficiency of the device. After the sample unit is placed for 48h, the salt deposition on the surface of the sample unit is removed. According to 6.3, when the illumination angle is 5° and the observation angle is 20’, measure the retroreflective coefficient. The measured value shall not be less than the value specified in Table 4.

6.4.4 Fuel resistance test

Sample unit of not less than 300mm in length is immersed in a mixture of 70% n-heptane and 30% toluene. After 1 min test, the surface is dried with a soft cloth. There shall be no changes that shall affect the perform by visually inspection.

6.4.5 Bond strength test (for bonding materials)

6.4.5.1 It shall be determined whether the retroreflective and fluorescent

materials are layered or coated.

6.4.5.2 For coating materials, no tools, or no damage to materials, they shall

not be removed.

6.4.5.3 For layered materials, the adhesive film is removed from its substrate.

A force of 10N shall be applied at least every 25mm width. And the tearing speed is 300mm/min.

6.4.6 Water resistance test

Sample unit with a length of not less than 300mm is immersed in distilled water at a temperature of 23°C +/- 5°C for 18h. Then remove and dry it under normal laboratory conditions for 24h. Perform visual inspection. The part within 10mm from the edge of the sample unit shall have no effect on its effectiveness.

6.4.7 Collision resistance test (except plastic three-corner reflector)

At an ambient temperature of 23°C +/- 5°C, from a height of 2m, a smooth solid steel ball with a diameter of 25mm is vertically and freely dropped onto the sample unit with the support plate. The sample material shall be free of cracks

7.3 Type inspection

7.3.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following materials.

7.3.1.1 A drawing sufficient to identify the type of rear-marking plate in triplicate.

The figure shall indicate the installation position of the rear-marking plate relative to the vehicle.

7.3.1.2 A concise technical specification for retroreflective and fluorescent

materials.

7.3.1.3 For SMV rear-marking plate, 5 signboard samples shall be submitted.

See Annex C for the test sequence. Trucks and tractors shall submit two large herringbone logo plates. For trailers and semi-trailers, two large rear-marking plates or smaller rear-marking plates of equal area shall be submitted. See

7.3.2 Inspection of samples in accordance with 6.1 visual inspection shall

comply with the provisions of 5.1 and 5.2.

7.3.3 Take 1 complete sample unit. The ruggedness test shall be carried out in

accordance with the test method of 6.4.9 and shall comply with the corresponding regulations.

7.3.4 Perform temperature resistance test of 6.4.1 for all sample units. Sample

length shall be no less than 300mm. The test results shall meet the requirements. For SMV rear-marking plate, the fifth sample shall be retained as the benchmark for the test period.

7.3.5 All other samples shall be inspected in accordance with the 6.2 color test

method and shall comply with the provisions of 5.3.

7.3.6 All other samples shall be inspected in accordance with the 6.3 luminosity

test method and shall comply with the provisions of 5.4.

7.3.7 The samples shall be inspected according to the environmental test

methods specified in 6.4.1~6.4.8 and shall comply with the corresponding regulations.

7.4 Production consistency inspection

7.4.1 For products that pass the type inspection, the samples randomly

selected from the batch products are used to determine the consistency of production.

7.4.2 Randomly sampled samples shall comply with the provisions of 7.3.1.

7.4.3 The number of randomly selected samples is specified as 1. The value of