WS/T 587-2018General guidelines for developing school health standard (English PDF)

3.1 Classification of school health standards

School health standards are divided into seven series.

a) Basic standards for school health professional. including terminology, standard preparation guidelines, etc.;

b) School building design and teaching facilities hygiene standards. including school and child care institutions, architectural design hygiene requirements, school teaching facilities, health requirements Seeking, classroom micro-environmental requirements, etc.;

c) Health standards for school life service facilities. including school and child care institutions canteen hygiene requirements, student nutrition meal supply, drinking water Facilities and drinking water quality, student apartments (dormitories) hygiene requirements and management practices;

d) School furniture, teaching aids and children's school supplies hygiene standards. including school desks and chairs, blackboards, primary and secondary school textbooks, learning Health requirements for raw materials, etc.;

e) Health standards for educational processes. mainly the limits of learning burden and sports load;

f) Child and adolescent health check and management practices. including student health check technical requirements, methods, health monitoring, evaluation methods, disease Disease prevention, as well as school health supervision and management;

g) Health education practices.

3.2 Basis for setting school health standards

3.2.1 Legal basis

The legal basis for setting school health standards is the current national laws, regulations, and administrative departmental regulations.

3.2.2 Professional technical basis

3.2.2.1 Protection level and feasibility of children and adolescents' health

The basis for the development of health standards for children and adolescents related to environmental and product safety should first determine the level of protection for the health of children and adolescents;

The second is to consider the feasibility of implementing health standards based on social conditions and the ability to provide health assurance.

WS/T 587-2017

3.2.2.2 Health benchmark

The scientific basis for determining the health baseline mainly includes the following parameters.

- a biological threshold, a threshold for adverse effects of health in the environment or in the product;

- dose-response relationship of health effects in the environment or in the product;

- toxicokinetics;

- toxic effect kinetics;

-- safety factor assessment;

-- Hazardous factor exposure characteristics.

Based on the health benchmark, based on the results of the epidemiological survey on the safety of children and adolescents, after considering social conditions, should be hygienic standards.

3.2.2.3 International research materials

International research materials on child health and safety.

3.2.2.4 International relevant standards

International standards related to child health and safety.

3.3 Principles for setting school health standards

The development of school health standards should meet the following principles.

-- in line with relevant national laws, regulations, administrative regulations and national health policies and guidelines;

- Promote national economic and social development;

-- Meeting school health supervision and disease prevention needs;

-- meet the school's health and safety needs;

-- the hygiene standards match the test methods;

--Advanced technology, economical and practical;

-- Actively adopt international and advanced national health standards;

-- Arranged according to the system of health standards.

4.1 How to prepare the basic standards for school health professional

Including school health professional terminology and school health standards writing rules, the specific preparation in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009.

4.2 Development and preparation of school building design hygiene standards

4.2.1 Technical content of the standard

School site selection requirements; school land requirements; campus layout requirements; teaching interior layout and architectural design requirements; school buildings Material and decorative material requirements.

4.2.2 Method of developing standards

4.2.2.1 Documentary evidence method

WS/T 587-2017

By consulting the literature, we can find out which factors in school buildings affect the safety and health of children and adolescents, and understand the ergonomics of school buildings.

Academic and educational requirements. If there is already a school building hygiene standard in foreign countries, the basis for the health standard should be understood and proposed, and the level of protection should be and related information, etc.

4.2.2.2 Site investigation and experimental methods

The method for the development of school building hygiene standards should be based on a combination of on-site investigation and laboratory research to achieve a comprehensive and sufficient Basis for learning.

4.2.2.3 Sorting and analysis of results

Based on the results of consulting relevant literature and the results of on-site investigations and laboratory studies, consider the feasibility of implementation in school kindergartens Sex, and refer to foreign standards, comprehensive analysis, put forward the health standards of school buildings.

4.3 Development and preparation of health standards for school teaching facilities

4.3.1 Technical content of the standard

Material requirements; strength requirements; toxic and hazardous substances limit requirements; for disease prevention; of learning fatigue.

4.3.2 Method of developing standards

4.3.2.1 Documentary evidence method

Find out what factors in school facilities affect the safety and health of children and adolescents, and understand the ergonomics of school facilities by consulting the literature.

Academic and educational requirements. If there is already a sanitary standard for such school facilities in foreign countries, the basis for proposing such a health standard should be understood.

And related information, etc.

4.3.2.2 Site investigation and experimental methods

The school health standards for teaching facilities should be developed in consideration of their safety requirements (such as materials), and the strength of materials (such as the level of weight bearing) should be Field experiment, simulation test of possible wounds to reduce the risk of trauma; its health requirements mainly consider the toxic surface of school facilities the amount of harmful substances released, according to the types of toxic and hazardous substances, with reference to the relevant limit requirements of toxic and hazardous substances, combined with field test results, Proposed standard; its ergonomic requirements are mainly to prevent visual, auditory and skeletal muscle fatigue, through human trials, Put forward the standard of ergonomics.

4.3.2.3 Sorting and analysis of results

Based on the results of the relevant literature and the results of field investigations and laboratory studies, consider the feasibility of implementation in school kindergartens Sex, and with reference to foreign standards, comprehensive analysis, put forward the health standards of this kind of school facilities.

4.4 Development and preparation of school learning environmental hygiene standards

4.4.1 Technical content of the standard

Limit requirements for toxic and hazardous substances; requirements for preventing disease; and requirements for preventing learning fatigue.

4.4.2 Method of developing standards

4.4.2.1 Documentary evidence method

WS/T 587-2017

To understand the factors affecting the safety and health of children and adolescents in the school learning environment by consulting the literature, and to understand the education of the school environment.

Claim. If there is already a school in this country to study environmental sanitation standards, you should understand the basis for the proposed health standards, the level of protection and related Information, etc.

4.4.2.2 Site investigation and experimental methods

The development of school safety standards for environmental safety, based on toxicological studies, mainly using cross-sectional surveys of epidemiology law. Case-control, fixed-group surveys, and laboratory research methods can be used where conditions and time permit.

4.4.2.3 Sorting and analysis of results

According to the results of the relevant literature and the results of field investigations and laboratory research, and with reference to foreign standards, comprehensive Analyze and propose the recommended hygiene standards for the school's learning environment, and also consider the feasibility of implementing the proposed standards in schools.

4.5 Development and preparation of health standards for school life service facilities

4.5.1 Technical content of the standard

Hygiene requirements for school life service facility service personnel; environmental sanitation requirements for school life service facilities; school life service facilities Management requirements.

4.5.2 Method of developing standards

4.5.2.1 Documentary evidence method

By consulting the literature, we can find out which factors in school life service facilities will affect the safety and health of children and adolescents.

The service function of the live service facility. If there is already a sanitary standard for such a school living service facility in foreign countries, it should be understood and proposed Basis, level of protection and related information.

4.5.2.2 Site investigation and experimental methods

The hygiene standards of school life service facilities not only relate to the school service facilities themselves, but also to the service personnel of the school service facilities.

This is to investigate the health status of the service staff of the school's kindergarten service facilities, as one of the basis for the establishment of health standards for school service facilities.

Investigate the environment of school service facilities, and study what factors in school service facilities will affect the safety and health of children and adolescents, and propose corresponding Hygiene requirements.

Investigate the current management deficiencies in school service facilities and propose health requirements for school service facility management.

4.5.2.3 Sorting and analysis of results

Based on the results of the relevant literature and the results of field investigations and laboratory studies, consider the feasibility of implementation in school kindergartens Sex, and refer to foreign standards, comprehensive analysis, put forward the health standards of this kind of school service facilities.

4.6 Development and preparation of hygiene standards for children and adolescent school supplies

4.6.1 Technical content of the standard

Requirements for toxic and hazardous substances; requirements for materials for children and adolescents; materials that are conducive to disease prevention;

Claim.

4.6.2 Method of developing standards

4.6.2.1 Documentary evidence method

WS/T 587-2017

Through the literature, we can understand the factors affecting the safety and health of children and adolescents in children's school supplies, and understand children's and children's products.

Educational requirements. If there is such a child and adolescent school supplies hygiene standard abroad, you should understand the basis for the proposed species, the level of protection and Relevant information, etc.

4.6.2.2 Site investigation and experimental methods

The development of hygiene standards for children and adolescent school supplies, based on toxicology research, mainly uses cross-sectional survey methods of epidemiology.

Case-control, fixed-group surveys, and laboratory research methods can be used where conditions and time permit.

4.6.2.3 Sorting and analysis of results

According to the results of the relevant literature and the results of field investigations and laboratory research, consider implementing in schools and kindergartens.

Conduct, and refer to foreign standards, comprehensive analysis, put forward the health standards of this kind of children and adolescent school supplies.

4.7 Development and preparation of health standards for educational processes

4.7.1 Technical content of the standard

Learning time requirements; learning content requirements; learning intensity requirements.

4.7.2 Method of developing standards

4.7.2.1 Documentary evidence method

Through the literature, to understand the factors affecting the safety and health of children and adolescents in the process of education, and to understand the education of children and adolescents.

Claim. If there is such a health standard for education in foreign countries, the basis for the proposed species, the level of protection and related information should be known.

4.7.2.2 Site investigation and experimental methods

The development of health standards for educational processes, mainly using epidemiological cross-sectional survey methods and experimental observation methods.

4.7.2.3 Arrangement and analysis of results

Based on the results of the relevant literature and the results of field investigations and laboratory studies, consider the feasibility of implementation in school kindergartens Sex, and with reference to foreign standards, comprehensive analysis, put forward the health standards of this kind of education process.

4.8 Development and preparation of health check standards for children and adolescents

4.8.1 Technical content of the standard

Inspection method requirements; inspection technical requirements; statistical requirements.

4.8.2 Method of developing standards

4.8.2.1 Documentary evidence method

By consulting the literature, we can understand the factors affecting the results of children's health checkups, and understand the growth and health characteristics of children and adolescents.

Understand the difference between children's and adolescent health check methods and adult check. If there is such a hygienic standard in foreign countries, you should understand the basis for proposing this species, Inspection methods, statistical methods and other relevant information.

4.8.2.2 Site investigation and experimental methods

The development of health standards for children and adolescents is mainly based on the cross-sectional survey method of epidemiology.

WS/T 587-2017

4.8.2.3 Sorting and analysis of results

Based on the results of the relevant literature and the results of the on-site investigation, consider the feasibility of implementation in school kindergartens, and participate in Examine foreign standards, comprehensively analyze and put forward the health standards for the health check of children and adolescents.

4.9 Development and preparation of child and child health management standards

4.9.1 Technical content of the standard

Child and adolescent health management content requirements; child and adolescent health management method requirements; child and adolescent health management personnel requirements; children less Conditions for annual health management; procedural requirements for child and adolescent health management; tool requirements for child and adolescent health management.

4.9.2 Method of developing standards

4.9.2.1 Documentary evidence method

By consulting the literature, we can understand the factors affecting the health management of children and adolescents, and understand the growth and health characteristics of children and adolescents.

Solve the need for health management for children and adolescents. If such a health standard exists in foreign countries, the basis, applicability and application of the standard should be known.

Other relevant information, etc.

4.9.2.2 Site survey method

The formulation of health standards for children and adolescents' health management shall be based on the combination of pre-test and expert consultation on the basis of drafting the draft specification.

A preliminary draft specification is formed and further revised after pre-application.

4.9.2.3 Sorting and analysis of results

Based on the results of the relevant literature, the results of pre-tests and expert consultations, consider the feasibility of implementation in schools and kindergartens.

And with reference to foreign standards, comprehensive analysis, put forward the health standards for the health management of children and adolescents.

4.10 Methods for the development and preparation of school health education norms

4.10.1 Technical content of the standard

Content requirements for school health education; time requirements for school health education; teacher requirements for school health education; school health education Method requirements; school health education object requirements.

4.10.2 Method of developing standards

4.10.2.1 Document evidence-based method

By consulting the literature, we can understand the growth and health characteristics of children and adolescents, and understand the characteristics of children's health knowledge needs.

Solve the educational characteristics of children and adolescents. If there is such a hygienic standard in foreign countries, the basis, applicability and other aspects of the proposed standard should be known.

Related information, etc.

4.10.2.2 Site survey method

For the school health education norms, the expert consultation method can be adopted on the basis of drafting the draft specification.

The expert consultation method will seek expert opinions through at least three rounds of letters, and each round of comments should be summarized and used as reference materials.

Then send it to each expert for the experts to analyze and judge, put forward new opinions, and so many times, the opinions gradually become consistent and compared.

Consistent and feasible conclusions or options.

4.10.2.3 Sorting and analysis of results

WS/T 587-2017

According to the results of the relevant literature and the results of expert consultation, consider the feasibility of implementation in school kindergartens, refer to foreign countries Standards and integration of the actual situation of Chinese children and adolescents, put forward the corresponding health standards for children and adolescents health education.