NB/T 10905-2021Fault classification and code of charging facilities for electric vehicles (English PDF)

Foreword

This document was issued on 22 December 2021 by the National Energy Administration of the PRC and takes effect on 22 March 2022.

It is a NB/T standard: recommended rather than compulsory, but it is the text a Chinese reviewer applies when assessing a submission.

It is classified under ICS 29.200, Chinese classification K 81.

This document has been drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 'Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents'.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the contents of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying such patent rights.

This document was proposed by the China Electricity Council (CEC).

This document is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Technical Committee for Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities of the Energy Industry (NEA/TC3).

Drafting organizations of this document: Potevio New Energy Co., Ltd.; China Electricity Council; State Grid Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd.; China Southern Power Grid Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd.; State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Three Gorges Technology Co., Ltd.; TELD New Energy Co., Ltd.; Wanbang Digital Energy Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen Auto Electric Power Plant Co., Ltd.; ZTE New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.; Beijing Xiaoju New Energy Automobile Technology Co., Ltd.; Shanghai NIO Automobile Co., Ltd.; Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd.; Guochong Charging Technology Jiangsu Co., Ltd.; Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen Sinexcel Electric Co., Ltd.; XianKong Jielian Electric Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen Infypower Technology Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen Yingkerui Technology Co., Ltd.; Zhongchuang Sanyou (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd.

Main drafters of this document: Peng Bo, Wang Dongfang, Liu Jinyu, Liu Bowen, Bai Ou, Yang Tianlin, Li Xun, Gu Yunfeng, Li Xuling, Sang Lin, Qi Zhixin, Li Jie, Han Tong, Zhao Wenjiang, Wang Hui, Li Zhigang, Hu Chao, Qian Jindu, Wang Jing, Zou Jiyong, Zhu Yue, Liu Geng, Li Xiuliang, Liu Ben, Han Jun, Wang Qian, Zeng Tao, Tao Teng, Gou Xinpu, Gong Huijiao, Liu Yafeng, Ge Jinghui, Zhang Tianzhu, Zhao Haizhou, Lyu Yougen, Hu Wanfa, Li Jian, Li Mingming.

Comments or suggestions arising during the implementation of this document should be fed back to the Standardization Management Centre of the China Electricity Council (No. 1, Baiguang Road Ertiao, Beijing, 100761).

1 Scope

NB/T 10905-2021 establishes the fault classification and the fault codes for electric vehicle charging facilities in China. A charging network is only manageable if every unit reports its problems in the same language: without a common code set, the operator of ten thousand chargers from a dozen manufacturers cannot tell from the data whether a site is failing on connectors, on communication, on the grid supply or on the vehicles themselves. The standard defines the scope and the terms, then the principles of classification and the structure of the code itself - its segments, their meaning, the character set and the rules for extension. It then sets out the classification tree: faults of the charging unit and its power electronics, of the connector, cable and locking mechanism, of the metering and billing subsystem, of the control and monitoring system, of the communication links both to the vehicle and to the operator platform, of the power supply and distribution feeding the site, of the protection and safety devices, and of the auxiliary systems such as cooling and enclosure. Each class is broken down to individual named faults, and each is given its code, its severity and the information to be recorded when it is reported. The transmission of fault information to the monitoring platform closes the standard. Operators, manufacturers and platform developers use it so that fault data is comparable across the network.

This document specifies the fault classification and code of charging facilities for electric vehicles, including the fault classification of charging facilities, the division of fault levels, fault coding and the transmission of fault information.

This document is applicable to the design, operation, maintenance and repair of charging facilities for electric vehicles such as off-board chargers, AC charging spots, energy storage and charging spots, charging and discharging equipment, battery swap infrastructure and wireless charging equipment.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable provisions of this document through the normative references made to them in the text. For dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T 18487.1-2015, Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements.

GB/T 27930-2015, Communication protocols between off-board conductive charger and battery management system for electric vehicle.

GB/T 29317, Terminology of electric vehicle charging and battery swap infrastructure.

GB/T 34120-2017, Technical specification of power conversion system for electrochemical energy storage system.

GB/T 34657.1-2017, Interoperability test specification of electric vehicle conductive charging - Part 1: Supply equipment.

GB/T 38775.1-2020, Electric vehicle wireless power transfer - Part 1: General requirements.

GB/T 38775.3-2020, Electric vehicle wireless power transfer - Part 3: Special requirements.

NB/T 33001-2018, Technical specification of off-board conductive charger for electric vehicle.

NB/T 33002-2018, Technical specification of AC charging spot for electric vehicle.

NB/T 33008.1-2018, Inspection and test specification for electric vehicle charging equipment - Part 1: Off-board charger.

NB/T 33008.2-2018, Inspection and test specification for electric vehicle charging equipment - Part 2: AC charging spot.

T/CEC 102.1, Information exchange for electric vehicle charging and battery swap service - Part 1: General principles.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 29317 and T/CEC 102.1 as well as the following apply.

3.1 charging facilities. General designation of the relevant facilities that supply electric energy to electric vehicles by means of whole-vehicle charging, including charging stations and dispersal charging facilities.

3.2 charging station. A dedicated place providing charging service for electric vehicles, composed of several charging devices arranged in a centralized way and managed locally in a centralized way, together with the associated power supply equipment, monitoring equipment and auxiliary facilities.

3.3 dispersal charging facilities. Facilities built in combination with residential parking spaces of users, parking lots of work units, parking lots of public buildings, social public parking lots and on-street temporary parking spaces, which supply electric energy to electric vehicles, including charging equipment, power supply systems and auxiliary facilities.

3.4 off-board charger. A dedicated device fixedly connected to an AC or DC power supply, which converts its electric energy into DC electric energy and charges the traction battery of an electric vehicle in conductive mode; abbreviated as charger.

3.5 AC charging spot. A dedicated power supply device that supplies AC power in conductive mode to an electric vehicle equipped with an on-board charging device.

3.6 power-supply system. A system composed of the electric power equipment and the distribution lines that supply power to a charging station or a battery swap station.

3.7 charging and battery swap operation and service platform. A system that implements the commercial services, dispatching management, operation monitoring, data acquisition, statistical analysis and operation decision-making of the businesses related to electric vehicle charging and battery swapping, and provides information services to users of networked electric vehicles. It may be composed of a charging and battery swap monitor platform, a charging and battery swap service platform and a charging and battery swap service client.

3.8 charging and battery swap monitor platform. A supporting system that monitors electric vehicle information and the information of electric vehicle charging and battery swap facilities, including alarms, acquisition of key equipment indicators and remote operation of the equipment; abbreviated as monitor platform.

3.9 EVIE layer. The charging and battery swap infrastructure formed by AC charging spots, off-board chargers and other charging and battery swap equipment. The charging and battery swap infrastructure is connected to the charging and battery swap operation and service platform and exchanges information in real time with the various terminals of the information access layer, completing the delivery of electric energy to electric vehicles.

3.10 EVSOP layer. The operation and service network formed by the mutual cooperation of the charging and battery swap operation and service platform, the electric vehicle operation and service platform, the settlement platform, the parking information service platform and other platforms, which provides users with complete charging and battery swap services.

3.11 energy storage and charging spot. A conductive electric vehicle charging facility provided with an energy storage device.

3.12 charging and discharging equipment. Equipment connected between an electric vehicle or a traction battery and the grid (or a load), which can achieve bidirectional energy flow.

3.13 battery swap infrastructure. General designation of the relevant equipment that supplies electric energy to electric vehicles by means of battery exchange.

3.14 wireless power transfer. The supply of electric energy to the traction battery of an electric vehicle from an AC or DC grid (power source) by means of wireless power transfer technology; it may also supply power to on-board equipment.

4 Hierarchical architecture of fault information

The hierarchical architecture of fault information of charging facilities for electric vehicles comprises the infrastructure layer (EVIE layer) and the operation and service layer (EVSOP layer); the specific structure is shown in Figure 1.

In the figure, the charging and battery swap service platform is the supporting system that performs acquisition, processing and operation management of electric vehicle information and of the information of electric vehicle charging and battery swap facilities, and provides users with charging and battery swap services, business management and information service functions; it is also called the charging and battery swap operation and service platform. The charging and battery swap service client is the client required by electric vehicle users to use the charging and battery swap service, including mobile phone application software, on-board central control screens and similar.

Ista, the fault state information interface, is the interface for reporting fault state information between the charging and battery swap infrastructure and the charging and battery swap operation and service platform; it includes the equipment code, the fault code and similar items.

Ieve, the fault event information interface, is the interface for reporting fault event information between the charging and battery swap infrastructure and the charging and battery swap operation and service platform; it includes the equipment code, the fault occurrence time, the fault clearance time, the fault code and similar items.

Figure 1 shows, in the operation and service layer, the charging and battery swap operation and service platform with the charging and battery swap service platform, the charging and battery swap monitor platform and the charging and battery swap service client; and, in the infrastructure layer, the charging facilities (off-board charger, AC charging spot, energy storage and charging spot, charging and discharging equipment, battery swap infrastructure, wireless charging equipment), the power distribution equipment (transformer, low-voltage distribution cabinet), the charging monitoring equipment (server, switch, monitoring computer) and the vehicles (with and without an on-board charger); the range of fault codes specified in this standard is highlighted in the figure.

5 Functional units of charging facilities for electric vehicles

5.1 Functional units of the off-board charger. The off-board charger is composed of two parts, the main circuit and the control circuit, as shown in Figure 2. Its basic functional units include, but are not limited to, the power supply input, the power conversion unit, the output switching unit and the charging connection device, as well as the control circuit power supply, the charging control unit, the human-machine interaction unit and the metering unit (optional).

5.2 Functional units of the AC charging spot. The AC charging spot is composed of two parts, the main circuit and the control circuit, as shown in Figure 3. Its basic functional units include, but are not limited to, the power supply input, the output switching unit and the charging connection device, as well as the control circuit power supply, the charging control unit, the human-machine interaction unit and the metering unit (optional).

5.3 Functional units of the energy storage and charging spot. The energy storage and charging spot is mainly composed of two parts, the main circuit and the control circuit, as shown in Figure 4. Its basic functional units include, but are not limited to, the power supply input, the power conversion unit, the output switching unit, the energy storage battery system and the charging connection device, as well as the control circuit power supply, the energy management unit, the human-machine interaction unit and the metering unit (optional).

5.4 Functional units of the charging and discharging equipment. The charging and discharging equipment is composed of two parts, the main circuit and the control circuit, as shown in Figure 5. Its basic functional units include, but are not limited to, the power supply input, the power conversion unit, the output switching unit and the charging connection device, as well as the control circuit power supply, the external power supply, the charging control unit, the human-machine interaction unit and the metering unit (optional). The charging control unit contains a power control module and a charging master control module; the control circuit power supply is used during charging and the external power supply is used during discharging.

5.5 Functional units of the battery swap infrastructure. The battery swap infrastructure is composed of three parts, the charging main circuit, the control circuit and the motion main circuit, as shown in Figure 6. Its basic functional units include, but are not limited to, the power supply input, the power conversion unit, the output switching unit and the charging connection device, as well as the control circuit power supply, the monitoring unit, the charging control unit, the motion control unit, the human-machine interaction unit, the metering unit, the cooling system, the environmental monitoring system, the locking unit, the vehicle positioning unit, the battery storage unit and the battery transfer unit.

5.6 Functional units of the wireless charging equipment. The wireless charging equipment is composed of two parts, the ground side and the vehicle side, as shown in Figure 7; each of these parts is in turn composed of a main circuit and a control circuit.

5.6 (continued) The functional units of the ground side include, but are not limited to, the power supply input, the AC/DC rectifier module, the DC/AC inverter module, the auxiliary function module, the control circuit power supply, the wall-mounted side power control unit, the CSU monitoring unit and the auxiliary function control unit; the functional units of the vehicle side include, but are not limited to, the AC/DC rectifier module, the vehicle-side power control unit and the control circuit power supply. The ground side and the vehicle side are coupled through the coil compensation circuit, and the internal communication of the ground side uses CAN communication.

6 Fault classification

6.1 Fault classification rules. The functional entities corresponding to the fault classification include the off-board charger, the AC charging spot, the energy storage and charging spot, the charging and discharging equipment, the battery swap infrastructure, the wireless charging equipment and the vehicles using the relevant charging facilities. Fault types and codes are used to describe the faults produced by each entity.

6.2 Fault classification of the off-board charger. The fault classification of the off-board charger is shown in Table 1, which is organized in four classification levels (fault classification 1 to fault classification 4).

6.2 Table 1, item 1 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, line fault: AC input fault; DC input fault; DC output fault.

6.2 Table 1, item 2 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: AC switching device fault; power conversion unit fault (see footnote a); DC switching device fault; charging connection device fault; other component fault.

6.2 Table 1, item 3 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, line fault: no fault of classification 4 is defined (indicated by a dash).

6.2 Table 1, item 4 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: control and protection components and assemblies fault.

6.2 Table 1, item 5 - System fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): start-up fault; temperature fault; configuration fault; communication fault; human-machine interaction fault; vehicle-to-spot interaction fault.

6.2 Table 1, item 6 - Other fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): equipment manufacturer self-defined fault.

6.2 Table 1, footnote a - Power conversion unit fault: except where the fault of all charging modules or of all charging and discharging modules is specifically described, the remaining charging module or charging and discharging module faults all refer to the fault of a single charging module or charging and discharging module.

6.3 Fault classification of the AC charging spot. The fault classification of the AC charging spot is shown in Table 2.

6.3 Table 2, item 1 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, line fault: AC input fault; AC output fault.

6.3 Table 2, item 2 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: AC switching device fault; charging connection device fault; other component fault.

6.3 Table 2, item 3 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, line fault: no fault of classification 4 is defined (indicated by a dash).

6.3 Table 2, item 4 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: control and protection components and assemblies fault.

6.3 Table 2, item 5 - System fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): temperature fault; configuration fault; communication fault; human-machine interaction fault; vehicle-to-spot interaction fault.

6.3 Table 2, item 6 - Other fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): equipment manufacturer self-defined fault.

6.4 Fault classification of the energy storage and charging spot. The fault classification of the energy storage and charging spot is shown in Table 3.

6.4 Table 3, item 1 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, line fault: AC input fault; DC output fault.

6.4 Table 3, item 2 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: AC switching device fault; power conversion unit fault (see footnote a); DC switching device fault; charging connection device fault; energy storage battery pack BMS fault; other component fault.

6.4 Table 3, item 3 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, line fault: no fault of classification 4 is defined (indicated by a dash).

6.4 Table 3, item 4 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: control and protection components and assemblies fault.

6.4 Table 3, item 5 - System fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): start-up fault; temperature fault; configuration fault; communication fault; human-machine interaction fault; vehicle-to-spot interaction fault.

6.4 Table 3, item 6 - Other fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): equipment manufacturer self-defined fault.

6.4 Table 3, footnote a - Power conversion unit fault: except where the fault of all charging modules or of all charging and discharging modules is specifically described, the remaining charging module or charging and discharging module faults all refer to the fault of a single charging module or charging and discharging module.

6.5 Fault classification of the charging and discharging equipment. The fault classification of the charging and discharging equipment is shown in Table 4.

6.5 Table 4, item 1 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, line fault: AC side fault; DC side fault.

6.5 Table 4, item 2 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: power conversion unit fault (see footnote a); switching device fault; charging connection device fault; other component fault.

6.5 Table 4, item 3 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, line fault: no fault of classification 4 is defined (indicated by a dash).

6.5 Table 4, item 4 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: control and protection components and assemblies fault.

6.5 Table 4, item 5 - System fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): start-up fault; temperature fault; configuration fault; communication fault; human-machine interaction fault; charging and discharging fault.

6.5 Table 4, item 6 - Other fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): equipment manufacturer self-defined fault.

6.5 Table 4, footnote a - Power conversion unit fault: except where the fault of all charging modules or of all charging and discharging modules is specifically described, the remaining charging module or charging and discharging module faults all refer to the fault of a single charging module or charging and discharging module.

6.6 Fault classification of the battery swap infrastructure. The fault classification of the battery swap infrastructure is shown in Table 5.

6.6 Table 5, item 1 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, line fault: AC input fault; DC output fault.

6.6 Table 5, item 2 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: AC switching device fault; power conversion unit fault (see footnote a); DC switching device fault; other component fault.

6.6 Table 5, item 3 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, motion actuator parts fault: locking unit fault; vehicle positioning unit fault; battery transfer unit fault; battery storage unit fault.

6.6 Table 5, item 4 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, line fault: no fault of classification 4 is defined (indicated by a dash).

6.6 Table 5, item 5 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: control and protection components and assemblies fault.

6.6 Table 5, item 6 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, motion control parts and external expansion assemblies fault: motion controller, external expansion assembly and similar faults.

6.6 Table 5, item 7 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, motion feedback parts fault: motion in-position detection sensor fault.

6.6 Table 5, item 8 - System fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): temperature fault; communication fault.

6.6 Table 5, item 9 - Other fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): battery fault; vehicle fault.

6.6 Table 5, footnote a - Power conversion unit fault: except where the fault of all charging modules or of all charging and discharging modules is specifically described, the remaining charging module or charging and discharging module faults all refer to the fault of a single charging module or charging and discharging module.

6.7 Fault classification of the wireless charging equipment. The fault classification of the wireless charging equipment is shown in Table 6.

6.7 Table 6, item 1 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, line fault: AC input fault; DC output fault.

6.7 Table 6, item 2 - Non-system fault, main circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: AC switching device fault; DC switching device fault; inverter unit fault; other component fault.

6.7 Table 6, item 3 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, line fault: no fault of classification 4 is defined (indicated by a dash).

6.7 Table 6, item 4 - Non-system fault, control circuit fault, components and assemblies fault: control and protection components and assemblies fault.

6.7 Table 6, item 5 - System fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): start-up fault; temperature fault; communication fault; auxiliary function fault; authentication fault.

6.7 Table 6, item 6 - Other fault (no classification 2 and no classification 3): equipment manufacturer self-defined fault.

6.8 Fault classification of the vehicle. The fault classification of the vehicle is shown in Table 7, which uses only two columns, fault classification and fault classification 4.

6.8 Table 7, item 1 - Communication fault: BMS communication fault.

6.8 Table 7, item 2 - Charging fault.

6.9 Fault classification of the power distribution equipment. The fault classification of the power distribution equipment is shown in Table 8, which uses the columns fault classification 1 and fault classification 2.

6.9 Table 8, item 1 - Line fault: no fault of classification 2 is defined (indicated by a dash).

6.9 Table 8, item 2 - Components or assemblies fault: transformer fault; low-voltage distribution cabinet fault.

6.10 Fault classification of charging monitoring. The fault classification of charging monitoring is shown in Table 9.

6.10 Table 9, item 1 - Charging station monitoring equipment fault.

7 Division of fault levels

The degree to which an abnormal situation occurring in a charging facility for electric vehicles affects the normal operation of that charging facility constitutes the fault level of the charging facility for electric vehicles. According to the severity of the impact, in descending order, the fault levels are: severe fault, general fault and alarm information. The fault levels are described below.

a) Level 1: severe fault; the equipment cannot be started or has to be shut down immediately.

b) Level 2: general fault; it does not affect the present charging process or the charging can continue at reduced power, and the equipment is maintained after the charging has ended.

c) Level 3: alarm information; it does not affect charging, or the condition can be recovered automatically.

8 Fault coding

8.1 Fault coding rules. 8.1.1 Two coding methods are adopted for the fault items of charging facilities: sequential coding (coding by order) and bitwise coding (coding by bit position).

8.1.2 Sequential coding is applicable to the reporting of fault events. Each fault item corresponds to a non-zero fault code.

8.1.2 (continued) The fault coding of a fault event is composed of four parts: type, fault category, fault level and fault code. These four parts shall be included in the transmission of fault information. The definition of the sequential fault coding is shown in Table 10.

Table 10 - Type, occupying bit0 to bit7, sequential code 1: off-board charger.

Table 10 - Type, sequential code 2: AC charging spot.

Table 10 - Type, sequential code 3: energy storage and charging spot.

Table 10 - Type, sequential code 4: charging and discharging equipment.

Table 10 - Type, sequential code 5: battery swap infrastructure.

Table 10 - Type, sequential code 6: wireless charging equipment.

Table 10 - Type, sequential code 7: vehicle.

Table 10 - Type, sequential code 8: power distribution equipment.

Table 10 - Type, sequential code 9: charging monitoring equipment.

Table 10 - Type, sequential codes 10 to 255: reserved.

Table 10 - Fault category, occupying bit8 to bit15, sequential code 1: non-system fault, main circuit line fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 2: non-system fault, main circuit components and assemblies fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 3: non-system fault, control circuit line fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 4: non-system fault, control circuit components and assemblies fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 5: non-system fault, main circuit motion actuator parts fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 6: non-system fault, control circuit motion control parts and external expansion assemblies fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 7: non-system fault, control circuit motion feedback parts fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 8: communication fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 9: charging fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 10: power distribution equipment line fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 11: power distribution equipment components or assemblies fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 12: charging station monitoring equipment fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 13: system fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential code 14: other fault.

Table 10 - Fault category, sequential codes 15 to 255: reserved.

Table 10 - Fault level, occupying bit16 to bit23, sequential code 1: level 1 fault.

Table 10 - Fault level, sequential code 2: level 2 fault.

Table 10 - Fault level, sequential code 3: level 3 fault.

Table 10 - Fault level, sequential codes 4 to 255: reserved.

Table 10 - Fault code, occupying bit24 to bit31, sequential codes 1 to 255: the fault sequential code.

8.1.3 Bitwise coding is applicable to the reporting of fault states. Each fault occupies one bit position, where 0 indicates normal and 1 indicates abnormal. Multiple bytes are used to perform bitwise coding for the nine equipment categories: off-board charger, AC charging spot, energy storage and charging spot, charging and discharging equipment, battery swap infrastructure, wireless charging equipment, vehicle charging, power distribution equipment and charging monitoring equipment.

8.1.3 (continued) The fault coding of a fault state is composed of four parts: type, fault category, fault level and fault code; these four parts shall be included in the transmission of fault information. The definition of the bitwise fault coding is shown in Table 11.

Table 11 - Type, occupying bit0 to bit15, bit0: off-board charger (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit1: AC charging spot (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit2: energy storage and charging spot (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit3: charging and discharging equipment (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit4: battery swap infrastructure (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit5: wireless charging equipment (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit6: vehicle (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit7: power distribution equipment (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit8: charging monitoring equipment (value 0 means the fault has not occurred; value 1 means the fault has occurred).

Table 11 - Type, bit9 to bit15: reserved.