HJ 710.6-2014Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring amphibians (English PDF)

4.1 Scientific Principles

Observation plots and observing the object should be representative, can fully reflect the overall situation of the observation area amphibians; should

2 Science and uniform methods of observation can be observed trends and amphibian populations.

4.2 Operability principles

Observing programs should be considered owned by the human, financial and logistical support and other conditions, the observation plots should have some traffic stripe Members and working conditions. Should be high efficiency, low cost methods of observation.

4.3 principles of sustainability, Observations should meet the needs of biodiversity conservation and management, and the protection and management can play a guiding and warning for use. Observation plots, transects, quadrats, method, time and frequency, once established, should remain long-term fixed and can not change.

4.4 Principle of protection

Selection of wild species, populations are less disruptive methods of observation, to avoid the frequent observation beyond the objective need. To catch National key protected wild animal sampled or mark, must obtain an administrative license of the relevant administrative departments.

4.5 Security Principles

Observation has certain characteristics of field work, the observer should receive professional training, good security measures.

5.1 Observations ready

5.1.1 clear observation purposes. Objective To carry out observations of amphibians amphibian diversity is to understand the status and trends, Ascertain the effect of interfering factors and human activities on amphibians, providing technology for national protection and management of amphibian diversity Surgery support.

5.1.2 Select the observation object. Observation object should be observations of all amphibians in the region, but also for a particular or specific groups Species (endangered species or protected species) to carry out observations.

5.1.3 determine the observation area. Prior to carry out observation, to understand and become familiar observation target biology and distribution, determined the observation area. According to the different species life history characteristics and activity rhythms (such as breeding, migration and wintering, etc.), select two Amphibians important areas of distribution, the typical area, transition area, etc. to carry out observations.

5.1.4 develop observation program. Observation program should include observation scope, methods of observation, contents and index, observation time, Data processing, and other observers.

5.1.5 trained observer. Disaggregated identified as observer, methods of observation and field safety training in the field so that it can accurately Identify amphibians adult, sub-adult, larvae, eggs and tadpoles, master field procedures and safety precautions.

5.1.6 Prepare observation instruments and tools. Including plastic buckets, plastic sheeting, shovels, tile, bamboo (or PVC barrels), wide mouth Bottles, tape measure, calipers, scissors, tweezers, cotton, tissue tube, tissue box, syringes, cameras, global fixed Positioning system (GPS) locator, pH meter, compass, electronic scales, electronic tags, formalin, ethanol, Yi Yao, outside Vulnerary like.

5.2 Observation sample plots

5.2.1 observation plots should be representative, of different habitats in the observation area.

5.2.2 The selected observation plots should be easy to operate, and feasible, to facilitate observation work.

5.2.3 The selected observation plots shall remain fixed once identified, to facilitate the observation of long-term work carried out.

5.2.4 using the GPS locator and other methods of observation plots locate and mark the location of the observation plots on the electronic map.

5.3 Line transect

5.3.1 Sample lines such as elevation gradient, vegetation type, water status based on the relationship amphibian distribution and habitat factors.

Transects as covering different ecosystem types.

5.3.2 In between wetland or grassland ecosystems, can be kind of a long line, length 500 ~ 1000 m; the habitat more complex Mountain ecosystems, may be provided between a plurality of short sample lines, length 20 ~ 100 m. Each observation plots in the sample line should be 7 to and the short sample lines can be appropriate to increase the number. The width of the line according to the field of vision like circumstances, is generally 2 ~ 6 m.

5.3.3 waterside observation amphibians can walk on water and land meet. When observing the traveling speed should be maintained at about 2 km/h, Record the number of species and individuals during travel, not taking pictures and gathering. Usually two people cooperate, one observation, and several types of report 3 amount, the other one recording sheet (recording sheet see Appendix A).

5.3.4 use the start and end of the sample line GPS locator to locate, you can turn the handheld GPS locator line work can the line transect line attached to the electronic map.

5.3.5 According amphibians activity rhythm, usually in the evening to carry out observation. Each sample line on different days to carry out repeated 3 times View Measured when observing similar climatic conditions should be maintained.

5.3.6 Line transects can estimate the relative density of the population, calculated as follows.

i BL

ND x=

Where. Population density Di-- kind of line i;

The number of individuals in the sample line i Ni-- species;

I like Li-- line length;

I like Bi-- line width.

5.4 Sampling method

5.4.1 observation plots in a random or even set a certain number of plots, plots should be possible to cover the different habitat types and Environmental gradient. Quadrat generally set square, the size can be set to 5 m × 5 m or 10 m × 10 m. An interval between plots 100 m or more. Each observation plots number of samples shall in seven more.

All amphibian species and individual number (recording sheet see Appendix B) 5.4.2 record within plots to see. Successively opened comp Stones within the party, view the individual under stone (including eggs).

5.4.3 sampling method can estimate the relative density of the population, the same calculation method line method.

5.5 Fence pitfall traps

5.5.1 supports the fence should be supported, upright, above the ground 35 ~ 50 cm, buried at least 10 cm.

5.5.2 To trap the rim flush with the ground, a trap close to the edge of the fence. Some traps can be placed inside the cover films such as rubble, to prepare for fall into one of the amphibian hiding; while adding a small amount of water (1 ~ 5 cm), or sponge after soaking into the trap, Increase the survival of amphibians. Set the trap depth according to species on the observation area.

5.5.3 For large changes in water level in rivers and lakes surrounding the trap, the trap should be added according to distance from the waterline to keep trapped in different seasons Consistent position well away from the waterline. Should prevent rain during the rainy season filled with traps to avoid can not play the role of observer, hurt wildlife.

5.5.4 Each sample provided at least five traps every day or every other day inspection tour once, for 10 days observation (recording Omote See Appendix C).

5.5.5 during the non-observation, traps should be buried or covered, so as not to cause harm to animals.

5.6 Method of artificial covering

5.6.1 Artificial covering the number and size depends on the statistical analysis of the requirements of individual species and size, number of population due to Su.

5.6.2 artificial covering material and thickness thereof. Wavy wood or tile covering material is preferred; in the cold winter or cold areas, preferably plywood effect. Artificial covering size is generally 30 cm × 20 cm or more. Within the plot should Uniform covering.

5.6.3 artificial arrangement covering generally set of parallel lines, grids, and other shapes. Shaped arrangement of the grid can be 5 × 5 plots are covered with material, covering material between the pitch of 5 m.

5.6.4 to be tapped in place covering areas under 5 cm, a sufficient space hidden, Bottom placement of some grass form A suitable environment hidden.

5.6.5 Check once every morning from 8 to 10 o'clock. Quickly picked up the covering when viewing captured hiding under their home amphibians, and Temporary in a plastic bag or jar to prepare for measuring, marking and sampling (see Table record Appendix D). Observation for 10 days.

5.7 Method of artificial shelter

5.7.1 set randomly plots three 10 m × 10 m in the sample, it should be the interval between plots 100 m or more. In each sample Square, selecting tree frog spawn often choose 10 per tree bundled fixed six bamboo (or PVC barrels), two on the ground Surface, two from the ground 70 cm, 2 Ge from the ground 150 cm, 60 were set up bamboo (or PVC barrels).

5.7.2 bamboo length 15 ~ 18 cm, an inner diameter of 3 ~ 6 cm, added 5 ~ 10 cm deep water in the bamboo.

5.7.3 inspection checks once every three days, recorded species of amphibians and adult, sub-adult, larvae, eggs and tadpoles number 4 amount (see Appendix log table E). 3 consecutive times.

5.8 Mark-recapture method

5.8.1 Shear toe method. Cut with scissors or a two finger or toe on individual animals, and the use of simple numbers represent different points body. Only forelimbs or hind legs cut off a finger or toe. For males can not cut his thumb. It was cut finger or toe individuals After ethanol disinfection back in place (see Appendix log table F). Since the law would cut toe hurt animals should be minimal use of this method.

5.8.2 radio frequency identification method. Electronic tags for identification of amphibians. Each electronic tag small particle size, has a unique number.

The electronic tag with a syringe injected into the skin of animals above the crotch. Read identification figures observer with the reader.

5.8.3 Population open for multiple mark-recapture, population calculation method in the time node i is as follows.

') 1 (x= i

ii m

MnN

) 1 () 1 ( 'x= i

iii r

zRmM

Where. Sample ni-- time node i is the number of capture;

Sample mi-- time node i mark in the number of individuals;

Number of release Ri-- time node i markup individuals;

ri-- time node i marked the release of a few individuals which later was captured;

zi-- time ago i node is marked, it is not captured in i, the number of individual i later captured.

5.9 Capture and sample processing method

5.9.1 When observing amphibians, try not to capture individual, but if it is to carry out species identification, analysis of genetic diversity, disease Research and analysis and other required collecting tissue samples or individual, shall be in accordance with the provisions of HJ 628 execution, and avoid animal population size Individual survival and physiological functions of major impact.

5.9.2 bright lights at night are available irradiation amphibians temporarily lost vision after capture by hand. For amphibians water can with a dip net to catch.

5.9.3 The animal tissue samples collected into 2.0 ml sterile tissue tube, add 90% to 100% ethanol immersion. sample it should be labeled, indicating the acquisition date, place and gathering of people, away from light. Back in the lab immediately placed in -20 °C refrigerator save.