HJ 510-2009Cleaner production standard. Waste lead-acid battery recycling industry (English PDF)

3.1 Clean production

Refers to continuous improvement of design, use of clean energy and raw materials, adoption of advanced process technology and equipment, improvement of management, and comprehensive utilization and other measures to reduce pollution from the source, improve resource utilization, reduce or avoid the production of pollutants in production, service and product use.

And emissions to mitigate or eliminate harm to human health and the environment.

3.2 Waste lead-acid battery

Refers to the loss of the original use value in production, life and other activities or the loss of use value but abandoned or abandoned Lead-acid batteries.

3.3 Lead recovery

The process of extracting lead from a waste lead-acid battery through various methods, techniques and processes.

3.4 Fire method smelting

A technical process for extracting metals from a molten state by a high temperature method.

3.5 Hydrometallurgy

A technical process for extracting metals from a solution by chemical action using a solvent.

3.6 Lead dust

Solid materials such as waste lead-acid batteries are suspended in a gaseous medium formed by mechanical processes (natural processes) such as crushing, classification, and grinding.

Fine solid particles.

3.7 Partition

A lead-acid battery assembly made of an ion-permeable material that prevents contact between plates of opposite polarity in the battery.

4.1 Indicator classification

This standard gives three levels of technical indicators for the clean production level of the lead recycling industry production process.

Level 1. International advanced level of cleaner production;

Level 2. advanced level of domestic clean production;

Level 3. The basic level of domestic cleaner production.

4.2 Indicator requirements

The requirements for clean production indicators for the pyrometallurgical lead recycling industry are shown in Table 1.

The requirements for clean production of wet metallurgy lead recycling industry are shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Clean production index requirements for lead recycling industry (fire law smelting class)

Indicator level one level two level three First, the production process and equipment requirements Automatic crushing and sorting system mechanized crushing and sorting 1. Pre-desulfurization of preparation technology and equipment (excluding oxygen-rich bottom blowing-blast furnace melting process) 2. Smelting process and equipment rotary short kiln smelting, oxygen-rich bottom blowing - blast furnace melting, automatic ingot casting machine, etc.

Reverberatory furnace Outside), blast furnace smelting, automatic casting Ingot machine, etc.

Second, product indicators 1. Recycled crude lead main grade /% lead >= 99 lead >= 98.5 lead >= 98 2. Polypropylene has a purity of 98% to 99% and a lead content of less than 0.1%.

Third, resource and energy utilization indicators 1. Total lead recovery /% >98 >97 >95 2. Total sulfur utilization rate /% >=98 >=96 >=95 3. Comprehensive utilization of resources /% >=95 >=90 >=85 4. Unit comprehensive energy consumption (standard coal/crude lead)/(kg/t) 98 >95 >90 3. Waste water recycling rate /% >95 >93 >90 Sixth, environmental management requirements 1. Environmental laws and regulations are in compliance with relevant national and local laws and regulations. Pollutant emissions meet national and local pollutant discharge standards and total control requirements. Sewage permit and collection, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste meet regulatory requirements 2. Production process environmental management each production process must have operational procedures, and work instructions for key positions must be provided; equipment that is prone to pollution and There should be warning signs on the parts of waste generation; the production process can be graded; the environmental management system should be established, including Including. environmental management procedures during start-up and shutdown and maintenance; new, modified, and expanded project management and acceptance procedures;

Storage and transportation system pollution control system; environmental monitoring management system; pollution accident emergency treatment plan, and performance Practice; environmental management records and ledgers Continued Indicator level one level two level three 3. The environmental audit was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Interim Measures for Clean Production Audit, and all of them were implemented with no or low-cost schemes. Local environmental protection department evaluated the cleaner production plan 4. Environmental management system Established operation according to GB/T 24001 Environmental management system, related environmental management Handbook, program files and working papers Ready Sound environmental management system, original records and statistical data are complete and effective

5.1 Sampling and monitoring

The sampling and monitoring of various pollutant production indicators (before end treatment) of this standard shall be carried out in accordance with the monitoring methods specified by the State, and the pollutants shall be concentrated.

The degree of measurement is based on the method criteria listed in Table 3.

Table 3 Standards for determination of pollutants

Contaminant project method standard name method standard number Lead solid wastes - Determination of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium - Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method GB/T 15555.2 Determination of sulphur dioxide in exhaust gas from fixed pollution sources - Method of iodine method HJ/T 56-2000 Determination of sulphur dioxide in exhaust gas from sulphur dioxide fixed source of pollution Statistic potential electrolysis method HJ/T 57-2000

5.2 Calculation method of related indicators

5.2.1 Total lead recovery

In the lead smelting process, the amount of metal lead entering the lead smelting product accounts for the total amount of lead in the raw material. Calculated as follows.

100%

Where. RPb--total lead recovery, %;

PPb--the amount of metal lead entering the lead smelting product, t/a;

SPb - lead content in raw materials, t/a.

5.2.2 Total sulfur utilization

Refers to the utilization rate of sulfur in raw materials in the process of recycling lead smelting through various recycling methods, excluding waste gas End treatment and discharge of sulfur into the environment. Its calculation formula is as follows.

100%

Where. RS - total sulfur utilization rate, %;

PS--the total amount of sulfur recovered during the crude lead smelting process, t/a;

SS - the amount of sulfur in the raw material, t/a.

5.2.3 Comprehensive utilization of resources

Refers to the mass ratio of the total amount of actual recycled materials of the waste lead storage battery to the total amount of waste lead storage batteries. Calculated as follows.

1 2 3 100%n

GGGG

Comprehensive utilization of resources where. G1--the first product quality;

G2--the second product quality;

G3--the third product quality;

Gn--the nth product quality;

G total - the total mass of waste batteries.

5.2.4 Unit comprehensive energy consumption

The ratio of the total energy consumption obtained by the enterprise after comprehensive calculation to the lead production of the enterprise during the statistical period of the same plan during the planning period. Calculation the formula is as follows.

Ui 1 000

Where. Eui--unit comprehensive energy consumption (standard coal/lead), kg/t;

Ei--the amount of energy consumed (standard coal) consumed during the statistical period of the enterprise plan, t;

Qi--In the same plan period, the company's lead production, t.

Note. Comprehensive calculation. The actual amount of various energy sources actually consumed is converted into the sum of primary energy according to the specified calculation method and unit. Comprehensive energy consumption master it should include primary energy (such as coal, oil, natural gas, etc.), secondary energy (such as steam, electricity, etc.) and energy consumption directly used for production (such as cold Water, compressed air, etc., but does not include energy consumption for power consumption (such as power generation, boilers, etc.). Specific comprehensive energy consumption according to GB/T 2589 Calculation.

5.2.5 Unit power consumption

Refers to the production of unit lead (t) in the process of reducing lead, the amount of electricity consumed (kW·h). Total electricity consumed during the production of reduced lead the ratio of (kW·h) to the total lead production (t) in the same period. Calculated as follows.

Total power consumption Total lead production where. W -- unit power consumption, kW · h/t; electricity W total power consumption - total power consumption, kW · h;

The total amount of lead produced by W--the total amount of lead reduced or the total amount of lead produced, t.

5.2.6 Lead content of slag

Refers to the total amount of elemental lead in the lead slag and the mass percentage of the total amount of lead slag. Calculated as follows.

100%

= × lead in slag

Total slag

Slag lead ratio

Where. G - lead content in slag, t; lead in slag the total amount of G slag - the total amount of slag, t.

5.2.7 Current efficiency

The percentage of the ratio of the amount of metal actually deposited on the cathode to the theoretical amount of precipitation during electrolytic production. Calculated as follows.

100%G

qItN

eta = ×

Where. eta--current efficiency, %;

G--the actual precipitation amount of the cathode of the N electrolytic cells in the energization time t, g;

Q--electrochemical equivalent, g/(A · h), lead electrification equivalent is 3.867 g/(A · h);

I--the current intensity through the electrolytic cell, A;

T--electrolytic energization time, h;

N--Number of electrolytic cells.

5.2.8 DC unit consumption

The electric energy consumed by the cathode per unit weight of metal lead (t) during electrolysis. Calculated as follows.

310VW

Qeta= ×

Where. W--DC unit consumption, kW·h/t;

V--slot voltage, V;

Q--electrochemical equivalent, g/(A · h), lead electrification equivalent is 3.867 g/(A · h);

eta - current efficiency, %.