HJ 442.9-2020Technical Specifications for Environmental Monitoring in Coastal Seas - Part 9: Emergency and Special Monitoring in Coastal Seas (English PDF)

4.1 Emergency monitoring plan

In order to do a good job in the environmental emergency monitoring of the coastal waters, relevant monitoring agencies should prepare for the environmental emergency monitoring of the coastal waters.

Incorporated into the environmental emergency monitoring plan, according to the nearshore sea area monitoring in the area in charge and the type and characteristics of possible accidents, Make preparations for timely mobilization of personnel, equipment and monitoring guarantees. For the larger monitoring agencies in charge of when making a case, consider the overall plan for other monitoring agencies in the region to participate in emergency monitoring. When a sudden ring occurs in the coastal waters in the event of an environmental incident, emergency monitoring will be organized in accordance with the plan.

4.2 Basic requirements of emergency monitoring plan

4.2.1 Scheme preparation and revision

When an accident occurs, according to the characteristics of emergency monitoring of marine pollution accidents, in accordance with the relevant requirements of HJ 442.1, and refer to HJ 589, prepare a monitoring plan for specific emergency accidents; according to the accident development and handling process, the monitoring plan shall be timely Revised until the end of the emergency state of the accident.

34.2.2 Principles of point layout

According to the type of pollution accident, the characteristics of the area, the degree and scope of pollution, the emergency monitoring points in the coastal waters are in accordance with HJ According to the relevant regulations of 730, the emergency accident source monitoring point shall be arranged at the pollution discharge position of the emergency accident, and set in the upstream direction of the ocean current Contrasting with monitoring points, selecting daily monitoring environmental quality monitoring points, monitoring points for coastal sea functional areas, and marine functional areas Emergency monitoring points are set up at monitoring points and beach monitoring points; according to the characteristics of the accident area, hydrology and meteorology and the distribution of selected monitoring points, determine the additional emergency monitoring points, and the selected emergency monitoring points will be regarded as the pollution impact degree Monitoring points, accident recovery monitoring points are selected according to actual conditions in emergency monitoring points, among which are not polluted the point is not used as an accident recovery monitoring point.

For pollution accidents with a large impact, based on the needs of emergency accident handling and impact assessment, the basis selected at the above points on this basis, combined with the selected monitoring points, the grids are arranged in a manner of 2 km×2 km to 10 km×10 km. must when necessary, according to the accident development and disposal process, increase the monitoring points of pollution impact degree, etc.

4.2.3 Principles for determining the types, factors and frequency of emergency monitoring Common types of emergency monitoring include red tides, large seaweeds, oil spills, and hazardous chemical leaks.

The factors and frequency of emergency monitoring are based on the types of emergency monitoring, the function of the environmental area, and the location of the accident.

The actual pollution situation, geographical conditions, etc., strive to obtain the most representative with the least monitoring factors and the lowest sampling frequency the samples to meet the requirements of reflecting the degree of environmental pollution, the degree of impact and the scope of impact, and to ensure that it is feasible.

among them.

a) Emergency monitoring factors. in principle, according to the type of pollution accident, pollution factor, impact scope and impact time, etc.

Determine, including the main pollution factors or the factors that reflect the characteristics of pollution or environmental impact of emergency events;

b) Frequency of emergency monitoring. The frequency of monitoring starts from the time of the incident, with the principle of dense first and then sparse, and based on pollution accidents.

The type, scope of influence, time of influence, weather and sea conditions are determined and adjusted in time.

4.3 Red tide and large seaweed emergency monitoring

4.3.1 Emergency investigation and monitoring preparations for red tides and large seaweeds in daily work, collect and sort out the ecological environment, geographical location, social economy, relevant organisms and Monitoring and research data and information on chemical elements, summarizing the occurrence of red tide and large seaweed green tide in the monitoring area in addition, summarize the types of algae where red tides and green tides occur.

After receiving information about the occurrence of red tides and large seaweed green tides, they should immediately organize and carry out on-site investigations, and collect and organize Relevant data of the sea area, using remote sensing monitoring, species identification, sample analysis, drift path prediction and other methods and technologies to check Identify the red tide and large seaweed's influence range, density, drift process, etc.; at the same time, carry out physical and chemical, biological and other indicators tests ready.

4.3.2 Red tide and large seaweed monitoring items and monitoring factors Red tide and large seaweed emergency monitoring factors, according to the relevant regulations of HY/T 069, the occurrence of red tide and large seaweed Physical conditions, mainly including the biological elements and types of large seaweeds, sensory indicators, influence range and distribution, meteorology and water Elements of culture and water chemistry, etc., select toxin items according to the situation. include.

a) Biological elements. phytoplankton type and quantity, zooplankton type and quantity, chlorophyll a;

4b) Observation items. red tide location and scope, visibility sampling, color, taste, smell and floating objects;

c) Hydrometeorological elements. water depth, ocean current velocity, flow direction, sunshine, wind speed, wind direction, temperature, air pressure, weather Phenomenon, rainfall, water temperature, transparency;

d) Water chemistry elements. pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, active phosphate, active silicate, inorganic nitrogen (nitrate Salt nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen), the selected test items are suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand;

e) Other optional test items. paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP), neurogenic shellfish poisoning (NSP), Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), CFP (CFP), sediment cysts, types and quantities of benthic microalgae, Benthic species and quantity, total number of heterotrophic bacteria, iron, manganese, VB1, VB12.

The large seaweed samples are mainly qualitatively monitored, and the large seaweeds are identified as species according to GB/T 17826.Combine reality Ability, should use or entrust competent agencies to apply satellite remote sensing and other monitoring technologies to monitor the occurrence of large-scale algae disasters.

Comprehensive and three-dimensional monitoring of accumulation and drift status.

4.3.3 Monitoring frequency the frequency of emergency monitoring of red tides or large seaweeds is determined according to the scope of occurrence and affected areas. Generally carry out continuous tracking monitoring, Sampling is performed once a day, if necessary and weather and sea conditions permit, it can be increased to twice a day until it disappears;

When tides and large seaweeds occur for a long time or when the occurrence area is large, the interval can be extended appropriately, but generally not less than 2 days 1 time.

4.4 Emergency monitoring of oil spill

4.4.1 Oil spill investigation and monitoring preparation in daily work, we should collect and sort out the ecological environment, geographic location, socio-economic, and primitive Regarding monitoring data and other materials, organize investigations into fixed and mobile risk sources and related information that may occur in oil spill accidents.

After receiving the information of the oil spill, the on-site investigation should be organized immediately, combined with remote sensing monitoring, oil spill identification, Means or techniques such as sample analysis and oil spill drift path prediction, to find out the source, amount, spread and process of oil spill;

At the same time, prepare for the monitoring of physical, chemical and biological indicators.

Oil spill accident monitoring mainly includes oil spill source determination, oil spill dynamic monitoring, emergency response effect, public investigation, etc.

Test HY/T 095 corresponding regulations.

4.4.2 Monitoring items and monitoring factors the oil spill emergency monitoring items or monitoring factors are determined according to actual conditions, including.

a) Remote sensing monitoring. using satellite remote sensing or aerial remote sensing to quickly define the area and scope of the oil spill, and calculate the oil spill Contaminated area; estimate the large amount of oil spill based on on-site monitoring, remote sensing technology, oil spill drift numerical simulation technology, etc.

small;

b) Hydrometeorological elements. including water depth, ocean current velocity, flow direction, wind speed, wind direction, water temperature, transparency, water color, Tides, when conditions permit, are measured at the same time as required items;

c) Water chemistry elements. compulsory test items include petroleum, selective test items include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oil spill types, Benzene, volatile phenol, sulfide, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and suspension Thing 5d) Biological elements. selected test items, including phytoplankton species and quantity, zooplankton species and quantity, Type benthic organisms, intertidal organisms, microorganisms, swimming organisms, rare and endangered organisms;

e) Sediment elements. the required test items are petroleum, and the selected test items include organic carbon, redox potential, sulfide, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene series.

4.4.3 Monitoring frequency the frequency of monitoring should be conducted in a timely manner after the oil spill accident occurs; according to the investigation, combined with the affected sea area the area, extent of damage, weather and sea conditions, etc. are regularly tracked and monitored, and the frequency of tracking Generally, it is monitored once a day, and can be increased to 2 times a day when necessary and weather and sea conditions permit.

4.5 Emergency monitoring of hazardous chemical leakage

4.5.1 Investigation and monitoring preparations for hazardous chemical leakage accidents Organize and carry out investigations of risk sources of hazardous chemicals leakage accidents, mainly including Identification of hazardous chemicals and analysis of hazard degree, geographic environment investigation, data collection, emergency measures and control situation after accident Situation investigation and public investigation.

After a hazardous chemical leakage accident occurs, an on-site investigation should be carried out immediately to determine the source of the specific hazardous chemical leakage and leaked substances, carry out necessary identification of the types of leaked hazardous chemicals and possible derivatives, and understand the environment of the sea area where the incident occurred.

Environmental conditions, geographic location, currents, wind speed and direction, etc., to identify the migration and diffusion process of hazardous chemicals, and to carry out Preparation for monitoring of various indicators.

For pollution accidents of known chemical substances, the characteristics should be determined according to the compounds involved and the products derived from the possible reactions Pollutants. For pollution accidents caused by the leakage of unknown chemical substances, the characteristic pollutants shall be determined as follows.

a) According to some characteristics of the pollution accident site, such as odor, volatility, response characteristics when exposed to water, color and Preliminary identification of major pollutants and monitoring items;

b) In case of personnel poisoning, the main pollutants shall be initially determined according to the special symptoms of personnel poisoning reaction;

c) Preliminarily determine the main pollutants through the analysis of on-site sampling and rapid detection methods, including collecting representative pollutants for dye source samples, use test paper, rapid detection methods or instruments and other on-site rapid analysis methods;

d) On the basis of a, b, and c, after collecting representative pollution source samples and sending them to the laboratory for qualitative analysis, Identify the main pollutants.

4.5.2 Monitoring items and factors Emergency monitoring of hazardous chemical leakage includes monitoring of hydrometeorology, biological elements, hydrochemical elements, and sediment elements.

Monitoring items or monitoring factors include.

a) Hydrometeorological elements. water depth, ocean current velocity, flow direction, wind speed, wind direction, water temperature, transparency, water color and tide Xi;

b) Biological elements. selected test items, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrobenthos, intertidal organisms Animals, microorganisms, swimming organisms, rare and endangered organisms and national protected animals, etc.;

c) Water chemical elements. pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, petroleum, Volatile phenols, sulfides, leaking dangerous chemical substances and possibly derived substances, while considering the pollution in the environment

6 Possible reactions in the environment and other toxic and harmful substances derived from them;

d) Sediment elements. oil, organic carbon, redox potential, sulfide, leaking hazardous chemicals, and Consider the possible reaction of the pollutant in the environment and other toxic and harmful substances derived from it.

4.5.3 Monitoring frequency when an accident occurs, the monitoring frequency is once a day, and can be appropriately increased to daily when necessary and weather and sea conditions permit.

2 times; after finding out the changing law of pollutants, considering the migration and transformation law of hazardous chemicals in the environment and the attenuation cycle in this case, the sampling frequency can be reduced to once every 2 days until the emergency state of the event ends.

4.6 Sample collection, analysis and quality control

a) For the specific requirements of emergency monitoring equipment, personnel protection, etc., combined with the actual situation at sea, refer to HJ 589 the corresponding part requires execution;

b) Sampling, analysis and quality control involving monitoring of water quality, sediment, biological and biological quality of coastal waters shall be subject to HJ 442.1, HJ 442.3~6 related regulations are implemented; water quality monitoring of rivers entering the sea and monitoring of pollution sources directly discharged to the sea are involved the relevant regulations of HJ 442.7 and HJ 442.8 shall also be implemented;

c) Where remote sensing monitoring can be implemented or commissioned to carry out remote sensing monitoring, remote sensing monitoring technology should also be used;

d) Samples containing highly toxic or large amounts of toxic and harmful compounds, especially samples from pollution sources, should be treated in a harmless manner or send it to a processing unit with corresponding qualifications for harmless treatment.

5 Thematic monitoring of coastal waters

5.1 Environmental quality monitoring of environmental function zones

5.1.1 Development and implementation of monitoring plan

a) The environmental function zone monitoring plan is formulated according to the relevant requirements of HJ 442.1, and is issued to the competent department according to the task the monitoring plan of the door or the client is combined with HJ/T 82 to develop a detailed monitoring implementation plan, including the monitoring scope and points, monitoring factors, sample collection, sample analysis and quality control, etc.;

b) In principle, the main pollution factors affecting the sea area shall be selected as the water quality monitoring factors, which usually include pH, solubility Deoxygenation, inorganic nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen), ...