GB/Z 37664.3-2025Nanomanufacturing - Key control characteristics - Luminescent nanomaterials - Part 3: Determination of fluorescence lifetime of semiconductor quantum dots using time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) (English PDF)

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents". Drafting.

This document is Part 3 of GB/T (Z)37664 "Key Control Properties of Luminescent Nanomaterials in Nanofabrication". GB/T 37664 The following sections have been released.

---Part 1: Quantum Efficiency (GB/T 37664.1-2019);

---Part 2: Measurement of quantum dot mass in dispersions (GB /Z 37664.2-2025);

This document is modified to adopt IEC TS62607-3-3:2020 "Key control characteristics of nanofabrication - Part 3-3.Luminescent nanomaterials".

The document titled "Determination of Fluorescence Lifetime of Semiconductor Quantum Dots Using Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting Technique" has been changed from an IEC technical specification to a Chinese standard.

Compared with IEC TS62607-3-3:2020, this document has undergone the following structural adjustments.

---The international standard's Chapter 3, "Terms, Definitions and Abbreviations," is split into Chapter 3, "Terms and Definitions," and Chapter 4, "Abbreviations," respectively.

---The order of Chapter 8, "Measurement Report," and Chapter 9, "Sources of Uncertainty," has been swapped to enhance the logical coherence of the technical content.

The technical differences between this document and IEC TS62607-3-3:2020, and the reasons therefor, are as follows.

---The normative reference GB/T 6682 has replaced ISO 3696, and GB/T 12805 has replaced ISO 385 and GB/T 12806.

ISO 1042 and GB/T 12808 have been replaced by ISO 648 to adapt to my country's technical conditions and increase operability;

---Added abbreviations for CFD, TAC, ADC, MEM, and PBS, corresponding to the main text content, and reordered alphabetically;

---A "Document Number" has been added to the measurement report in Chapter 9, indicating the national standard technical requirements.

The following editorial changes have been made to this document.

---To align with my country's standard series, the standard title has been changed to "Key Control Characteristics of Luminescent Nanomaterials in Nanomanufacturing (No. 3)" Part 1: Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting Method for Measuring Fluorescence Lifetime of Semiconductor Quantum Dots;

---The unit "ns" for the horizontal axis in Figure 3 of section 7.2.2 has been changed; the original "Channels" was incorrect.

---Added the estimated power density range corresponding to the light source power in 7.2.2 (in the form of notes);

---The title of Appendix B has been revised, and descriptions corresponding to the technical content in Table B.2 have been added to better align with the technical content;

--- An informative Appendix C has been added, which provides methods for fitting measurement data.

Introduction

Fluorescence lifetime is one of the important characteristics of luminescent materials. It is the time it takes for a luminescent material to return to its ground state while in an excited state after emitting photons.

Average time. Depending on the type of material, the fluorescence lifetime of luminescent nanomaterials can range from picoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds, or even microseconds or milliseconds.

The fluorescence lifetime is independent of factors such as the absorption, thickness, measurement method, and fluorescence intensity of the sample, but is affected by temperature, solvent polarity, and fluorescence intensity.

External factors such as quenchers can influence the fluorescence, but it is also sensitive to certain internal factors that are affected by the structure of the fluorophore.

The following information can be obtained through fluorescence lifetime measurement.

a) Determine the environment in which the molecules of the sample are located, such as viscosity, pH, temperature, polarity, and solvation characteristics;

b) Revealing the microscopic information of the molecules in the sample being tested, including size, shape, and distances between different parts of the molecule;

c) By analyzing the overlapping fluorescence emission peaks in time-resolved spectra, the contribution of each component in the mixed sample can be understood;

d) Revealing intermolecular interactions;

e) Obtain the dynamic rate.

Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) is a method for measuring the time interval between the excitation of a material by a pulse of light and the arrival of the emitted photon at the detector.

This technique is suitable for measurements requiring high transient resolution, such as fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy and imaging, photon migration and time-of-flight measurements.

It has the advantages of wide application, high sensitivity, good reproducibility and high measurement accuracy.

TCSPC is widely used to measure the fluorescence lifetime of luminescent materials, typically ranging from picoseconds to nanoseconds. This document aims to standardize the use of TCSPC.

The method for measuring the fluorescence lifetime of quantum dots using TCSPC is based on GB/T (Z)37664 "Key Control Properties of Luminescent Nanomaterials in Nanofabrication".

This is a measurement method standard in the "Materials" series of standards.

GB/T (Z)37664 "Key Control Characteristics of Luminescent Nanomaterials in Nanofabrication" addresses different key control characteristics of luminescent nanomaterials.

The series of measurement method standards, developed based on specific characteristics, are proposed to consist of five parts.

---Part 1: Quantum Efficiency. The aim is to achieve accurate measurement of quantum efficiency.

---Part 2: Measurement of quantum dot mass in dispersions. The aim is to achieve accurate measurement of the mass of quantum dots in dispersions.

---Part 3: Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting for Measuring the Fluorescence Lifetime of Semiconductor Quantum Dots. The aim is to realize semiconductor quantum... Accurate measurement of the fluorescence lifetime of a dot.

---Part 4: Measurement of the luminous intensity of quantum dot light-emitting diodes. The aim is to achieve the measurement of the luminous intensity of quantum dot light-emitting diodes. Accurate measurement.

---Part 5: Measurement of the light conversion efficiency of quantum dot light conversion films. The aim is to achieve the measurement of the light conversion efficiency of quantum dot light conversion films. Accurate measurement.

1 Scope

This document describes the measurement of fluorescence lifetime of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) using time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC).

The methods include experimental procedures, data processing, and measurement examples. TCSPC is suitable for measuring fluorescence lifetimes in the picosecond to nanosecond range.

This document applies to stable dispersions of QDs, but not to solid samples.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.

For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies. This document.

GB/T 6682 Specifications and test methods for water used in analytical laboratories (GB/T 6682-2008, ISO 3696:1987, MOD)

GB/T 12805 Burettes for Laboratory Glassware (GB/T 12805-2011, ISO 385:2005, NEQ)

GB/T 12806 Laboratory glassware - Single-mark volumetric flasks (GB/T 12806-2011, ISO 1042:1998, NEQ)

GB/T 12808 Laboratory Glassware - Single-mark Pipettes

3 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

4 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations apply to this document.

ADC. Analog-to-Digital Converter

EHT. Extra-High Tension