GB/T 9934-2026Determination and calculation procedure for the heat balance of lime kilns (English PDF)

6.2 Measurement Items and Instruments

6.2.1 The items and instruments for measuring the heat balance of lime kilns are shown in Table 1.

6.2.2 The instruments used for measuring the heat balance of a lime kiln and their technical requirements are shown in Table 2.

6.3 Measurement Location and Content

6.3.1 Basis for determination The measurement location and content should be determined according to the specific kiln type being measured. A schematic diagram of a typical kiln type is shown in Appendix C.

6.3.2 Mechanized Vertical Kiln The location and content of the heat balance measurement for mechanized vertical kilns should meet the requirements of Table 3.

6.3.3 Rotary Kiln The location and content of the heat balance measurement for lime rotary kilns should meet the requirements of Table 4.

7.1 Determination of material quantity

7.1.1 Limestone, fuel, finished lime product, and fly ash should preferably be metered separately using metering equipment. Where metering equipment is not installed, fixed-rate metering can be used. For continuous testing or weighing, at least three samples must be taken, and the material mass should be calculated based on the average value. If the deviation of the average value is greater than 5%, the test should be repeated.

7.1.2 The fly ash amount is calculated according to formula (1) based on the gas dust concentration measurement results, accurate to one decimal place.

7.2 Determination of material composition and fuel calorific value

7.2.1 Composition of lime, limestone and fly ash The compositional analysis of lime, limestone and fly ash was carried out in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 5762.

7.2.2 Fuel

7.2.2.1 The fuel composition shall specify the corresponding reference, and the conversion between references shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix E.

7.2.2.2 Solid fuels. Sampling shall be conducted every 8 hours, with a minimum of 2 kg each time. Samples shall be combined into a single large sample during the testing period, and then reduced to smaller samples. Coal shall be tested according to GB 474. Sample preparation. Coke samples were prepared according to GB/T 1997.Moisture (Mad), ash (Vad), volatile matter (Aad), and fixed carbon (FCad) in solid fuels were prepared according to... The analysis shall be performed according to the methods specified in GB/T 212.Carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in solid fuels shall be analyzed according to the standards specified in GB/T 476, GB/T 19227, or GB/T 30733. The analysis method shall be used; sulfur shall be analyzed according to the method specified in GB/T 214; total moisture shall be analyzed according to the method specified in GB/T 211.

7.2.2.3 Liquid fuels. Total water content shall be analyzed according to the method specified in GB/T 260; ash content shall be analyzed according to the method specified in GB/T 508; residual carbon content... The content of sulfur was analyzed according to the method specified in GB/T 17144; the content of nitrogen was analyzed according to the method specified in GB/T 388; and the content of nitrogen was analyzed according to the method specified in GB/T 17674. Methodological analysis.

7.2.2.4 Gaseous fuels. CO, H2, CmHn, H2S, O2, N2, CO2, SO2, and H2O shall be analyzed according to the methods specified in GB/T 13610.

7.2.3 Fuel calorific value

7.2.3.1 The calorific value of coal shall be determined according to the method specified in GB/T 213, and the calorific value of coke shall be determined according to the method specified in GB/T 2001.

7.2.3.2 The calorific value of liquid fuel shall be determined according to the method specified in GB/T 384.

7.2.3.3 The calorific value of gaseous fuel shall be determined according to the method specified in GB/T 11062.

7.3 Determination of material temperature

7.3.1 The temperature of limestone, fuel, and fly ash can be determined using thermocouples.

7.3.2 Measurement of finished lime temperature. At the lime discharge port, take out more than 10 kg of lime from the middle of the lime discharge period and quickly collect it in an insulated container. Use a precise measuring tool... Insert a thermometer with an accuracy of

1.0 and read the temperature when it stops rising. During measurement, the insulated container should be kept warm and properly sealed.

7.4 Determination of Gas Temperature

7.4.1 Digital thermometers are used for measuring gases.

7.4.2 The temperature sensing element of the thermocouple should be inserted into the flowing airflow.

7.5 Measurement of Gas Pressure When measuring gas pressure, the pressure measuring tube should be kept perpendicular to the airflow direction and the effects of eddies and air leakage should be avoided.

7.6 Determination of gas composition

7.6.1 The gas composition detection in the measurement content includes, but is not limited to, the composition of various gases, with the main items being oxygen, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Carbon dioxide.

7.6.2 Oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide shall be determined using an Orthocite gas analyzer or other equivalent instrument. If there is any objection to the test results, The results of the analysis by the Orsholm gas analyzer shall prevail.

7.7 Determination of moisture content in gases Depending on the moisture content of the gas inside the pipeline, one of the following methods can be used for measurement. wet-bulb method, condensation method, or gravimetric method. Specific measurement... The method shall be performed in accordance with GB/T 16157.

7.8 Measurement of Gas Flow Rate The specific method for determining the gas flow rate in the pipeline shall be in accordance with GB/T 16157.

7.9 Determination of gaseous dust concentration The specific method for determining the dust concentration in the gas inside the pipeline shall be in accordance with GB/T 16157.

7.10 Measurement of surface heat dissipation

7.10.1 Use thermocouples to measure ambient air temperature.

7.10.2 Use a hot-wire anemometer, impeller anemometer, or rotating cup anemometer to measure the ambient wind speed and determine the air impact angle.

7.10.3 Measure the surface heat dissipation of each heat-generating device using a heat flow meter.

7.10.4 When there is no heat flow, the surface temperature of the heat-generating equipment is measured using an infrared thermometer, surface thermocouple thermometer, etc., and the heat dissipation is calculated. Measurement The method is as follows: Various thermal devices requiring measurement are divided into several regions based on their structural characteristics and surface temperatures, and the temperature of each region is calculated. The size of the surface area of a region; the surface temperature at several points in each region, and the ambient temperature, ambient wind speed, and other parameters are measured simultaneously. Air impact angle; find the heat dissipation coefficient in the corresponding table based on the measurement results, and calculate the surface heat dissipation of each area according to formula (2).

7.10.5 The heat dissipation of the surface of the heat equipment is equal to the sum of the heat dissipation of each area, and is calculated according to formula (3).

8.1 Material Receipts

8.1.1 Limestone Consumption The amount of limestone consumed is calculated according to formula (4).

8.1.2 Fuel Consumption Solid or liquid fuel consumption is calculated according to formula (5).

8.1.3 Air volume entering the kiln The amount of air entering the kiln is calculated according to formula (8).

9.1 Caloric Income

9.1.1 Heat consumption during lime burning The heat consumption of lime burning is calculated according to formula (17).

9.1.2 Fuel and its moisture introduce sensible heat The sensible heat brought in by the fuel and its moisture is calculated according to formula (18).

9.1.5 Total Calorie Income Total heat income is calculated according to formula (21).

9.2 Heat expenditure

9.2.1 Heat absorption during the decomposition of carbonates in limestone The heat absorbed by the decomposition of carbonates in limestone is calculated according to formula (22).

9.2.2 Heat Absorption During the Heating of Limestone The heat absorbed during the heating of limestone is calculated according to formula (24).

9.2.9 System surface heat dissipation The heat dissipation of the system surface is calculated according to formula (37).

9.2.10 Other expenditures Other expenses are calculated according to formula (38).

9.2.12 Summary Table of Heat Balance Calculation Results The summary table of heat balance calculation results should be listed as Table 7.

9.3 Thermal efficiency calculation Thermal efficiency etasc (the ratio of heat absorbed by the decomposition of carbonates in limestone to heat released by fuel combustion in the system heat balance table) is calculated according to... Calculate using formula (40).

10.Report on Heat Balance Measurement and Calculation of Lime Kiln The report on the determination and calculation of heat balance in lime kilns shall be prepared in accordance with the format of "Report on the Determination and Calculation of Heat Balance in Lime Kilns" in Appendix G.