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GB/T 8117.2-2026Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests - Part 2: Wide range of accuracy for various types and sizes of turbines (English PDF)

汽轮机热力性能验收试验规程第2部分：各种类型和容量的汽轮机宽准确度试验

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Issued by

State Administration for Market Regulation

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

March 31, 2026

Implementation date

October 1, 2026

Scope

GB/T 8117.2-2026 is the English-translated version of 汽轮机热力性能验收试验规程第2部分：各种类型和容量的汽轮机宽准确度试验.

GB/T 8117.2-2026 — Overview This document provides test methods for superheated or saturated steam turbines, specifying the preparation, implementation, evaluation, and comparison with guaranteed values.

And calculating measurement uncertainty, etc. This document applies to the thermal performance acceptance tests of steam turbines of various types, capacities, and applications, with a wide accuracy range.

For a specific... In such cases, only the relevant clauses of this document need to be applied. If there are any complex or special circumstances not covered in this document, the manufacturer and the buyer need to reach an appropriate agreement before the contract is signed. protocol. Note.

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Document preview — GB/T 8117.2-2026

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 27.040
Classification: K 54
Replacing: GB/T 8117.2-2008

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation

Preface
Introduction
1 Scope
1.1 Overview
1.2 Objective
1.3 Matters to be considered in the contract
2 Normative References
3 Units, Symbols, Terms, and Definitions
3.1 General Provisions
3.2 Symbols and Units
3.3 Subscripts, superscripts, and their definitions (see Tables 2 and 3)
3.4 Guaranteed Values and Test Results
3.4.1 Guaranteed Value
3.4.2 Thermal efficiency
3.4.3 Heat loss rate
3.4.4 Thermodynamic efficiency
3.4.5 Fuel Consumption Rate
3.4.6 Main steam flow capacity
3.4.7 Output Power
3.4.8 Guaranteed values for extraction and mixed-pressure steam turbines
3.4.9 Output under specified heat load (nuclear power turbine)
4 General Rules
4.1 Pre-planning of the experiment
4.2 Agreements and Arrangements for the Experiment Preparation Phase
4.3 Experimental Plan
4.3.1 Acceptance test duration. 10 minutes
4.3.2 Command of Acceptance Test
4.4 Experimental Preparation
4.4.1 Unit Status
4.4.2 Turbine Condition
4.4.3 Condenser Condition
4.4.4 System Isolation
4.4.5 Leak Detection of Condenser and Feedwater Heater
4.4.6 Cleanliness of the steam filter
4.4.7 Inspection of measuring equipment
4.5 Comparative Measurement
4.6 Experimental Setup
4.6.1 Load Setting
4.6.2 Special Settings
4.7 Preliminary Test
4.8 Acceptance Test
4.8.1 Stability of test conditions
4.8.2 Maximum deviation and fluctuation of test conditions
4.8.3 Duration of the test and frequency of readings
4.8.4 Readings of Integrating Instruments
4.8.5 Alternative Method
4.8.6 Test Record
4.8.7 Supplementary Measurement
4.8.8 Preliminary Calculation
4.8.9 Consistency of Experiments and Number of Experiments
4.9 Repetition of Acceptance Tests
5 Measurement Technology and Measuring Instruments
5.1 General Rule
5.1.1 Instrument accuracy requirements
5.1.2 Measuring Instruments
5.1.3 Measurement uncertainty
5.1.4 Instrument Calibration
5.1.5 Alternative Instruments
5.2 Power Measurement
5.2.1 Determination of the mechanical output power of the steam turbine
5.2.2 Measurement of Boiler Feed Pump Power
5.2.3 Determination of the electrical power of the steam turbine generator set
5.2.4 Measurement of Electrical Power
5.2.5 Connection of electrical instruments
5.2.6 Electrical Instruments
5.2.7 Instrument transformer
5.3 Flow Measurement
5.3.1 Determination of the flow rate to be measured
5.3.2 Measurement of Mainstream Quantities
5.3.3 Installation and location of flow measurement device
5.3.4 Calibration of measuring devices with water as the main flow rate
5.3.5 Inspection of Flow Measurement Device
5.3.6 Measurement of Differential Pressure
5.3.7 Fluctuations in water flow
5.3.8 Measurement of Auxiliary Flow Rate
5.3.9 Special Auxiliary Flow Rate
5.3.10 Density of water and steam.
5.3.11 Determination of Condenser Cooling Water Flow Rate
5.4 Pressure Measurement (excluding exhaust pressure of condensing steam turbines)
5.4.1 Measured pressure
5.4.2 Instrument
5.4.3 Main pressure measurement
5.4.4 Pressure taps and pressure transmission pipes
5.4.5 Shut-off valve
5.4.6 Calibration of pressure measuring devices
5.4.7 Atmospheric pressure
5.4.8 Correction of readings
5.5 Measurement of Exhaust Pressure of Condensing Steam Turbine
5.5.1 Overview
5.5.2 Measuring plane
5.5.3 Pressure tap
5.5.4 Equalizing pipe
5.5.5 Pressure transmission tube
5.5.6 Instrument
5.5.7 Verification
5.6 Temperature Measurement
5.6.1 Temperature measuring points
5.6.2 Instrument
5.6.3 Measurement of Main Temperatures
5.6.4 Temperature measurement of the feedwater heating system (including steam extraction)
5.6.5 Measurement of Condenser Cooling Water Temperature
5.6.6 Thermometer sleeve
5.6.7 Precautions in Temperature Measurement
5.7 Determination of Steam Quality
5.7.1 Overview
5.7.2 Tracer Technology
5.7.3 Condensation Method
5.7.4 Constant Injection Method
5.7.5 Determining the extraction enthalpy using the constant injection method
5.7.6 Tracers and their Uses
5.8 Time Measurement
5.9 Rotational speed measurement
6 Calculation of Experimental Results
6.1 Preparations before calculation
6.2 Calculation of Results
6.2.1 Calculation of the average value of instrument readings
6.2.2 Correction and Conversion of Average Values
6.2.3 Checking Measurement Data
6.2.4 Thermodynamic properties of steam and water
6.2.5 Calculation of Experimental Results
7 Correction of test results and comparison with guaranteed values
7.1 Guaranteed Values and Guaranteed Operating Conditions
7.2 Correction of main steam flow rate
7.3 Power Correction
7.3.1 Correction for maximum output power
7.3.2 The correction for output power based on main steam flow rate is specified.
7.4 Correction of Thermodynamic Properties
7.5 Definition and Application of Correction Values
7.6 Correction Method
7.6.1 General Rule
7.6.2 Correction using heat balance calculations
7.6.3 Correct 48 using the correction curve provided by the manufacturer.
7.6.4 Experiment 48 for determining the correction value
7.7 Variables Considered in the Correction of a Specific Steam Turbine Cycle System
7.7.1 Correction range
7.7.2 Steam turbine with feedwater regeneration
7.7.3 Steam turbines with no steam inlet or outlet after partial expansion
7.7.4 Steam turbines used for purposes other than feedwater regeneration systems (extraction steam turbines)
7.7.5 Other types of steam turbines
7.8 Comparison with Guaranteed Values
7.8.1 Tolerance and Weight
7.8.2 Compare the guaranteed point trajectory curve with the guaranteed value.
7.8.3 Compare the guaranteed values based on the guaranteed points
7.8.4 Comparison of Guaranteed Values for Throttling-Regulating Steam Turbines
7.8.5 Comparison of Guaranteed Values for Extraction Steam Turbines
7.9 Deterioration (aging) of steam turbine performance
7.9.1 Reduce the testing time for aging tests
7.9.2 Aging correction through comparative experiments
7.9.3 Aging Correction without Comparison Tests
8 Measurement uncertainty
8.1 General Provisions
8.2 Determination of Measurement Uncertainty for Flour Properties
8.2.1 Pressure
8.2.2 Temperature
8.2.3 Enthalpy and Enthalpy Difference
8.3 Calculation of uncertainty in output power measurement
8.3.1 Electrical Measurement
8.3.2 Mechanical Measurement
8.3.3 Correction for additional uncertainty caused by load instability
8.4 Determining the uncertainty of mass flow rate measurement
8.4.1 Measurement uncertainty of mass flow rate
8.4.2 Measurement uncertainty of multiple measurements of main flow rate
8.4.3 Uncertainty Tolerance Caused by System Imperfections
8.5 Calculation of Measurement Uncertainty of Test Results
8.5.1 Overview
8.5.2 Measurement uncertainty of thermal efficiency
8.5.3 Measurement uncertainty of thermodynamic efficiency
8.5.4 Uncertainty of the correction value
8.5.5 Guideline value for measurement uncertainty of test results.
8.6 Example 58 of Uncertainty Calculation
Appendix A (Normative) Leakage Test for Feedwater Heaters and Condensers (see 4.4.5)
Appendix B (Normative) Data Processing and Compatibility of Multiple Measurements (see 6.2.3.2)
Appendix C (Normative) Mass Flow Balance (see 6.2.3.3)
Appendix D (Normative) A concise statistical description of measurement uncertainty and error propagation in acceptance tests (see 8.1, 8.5.1)
Appendix E (Informative) Temperature Change Method
References
Functional relationship (steam seal 2)

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".

Drafting.

This document is Part 2 of GB/T 8117 "Test Procedure for Acceptance of Thermodynamic Performance of Steam Turbines". GB/T 8117 has published the following...

part.

---Part 1: Method A - High-accuracy test of a large condensing steam turbine;

---Part 2: Wide Accuracy Testing of Steam Turbines of Various Types and Capacities;

---Part 3: Method C. Thermodynamic Performance Verification Test of Modified Steam Turbine;

---Part 4: Method D Simplified performance test of steam turbine and its thermodynamic cycle.

This document replaces GB/T 8117.2-2008 "Test Procedure for Acceptance of Thermal Performance of Steam Turbines Part 2: Method B - Various Types" the accuracy test of steam turbines with different capacities, compared with GB/T 8117.2-2008, has the following main technical changes, except for editorial revisions.

a) The definition of guaranteed values has been changed (see 3.4, 2008 version 3.4);

b) The definition of turbine flow capacity has been changed, and the case of a make-up steam valve has been added (see 3.4.6, 3.4.5 in the 2008 version);

c) A definition for heat load capacity (nuclear power turbine) has been added (see 3.4.8);

d) The test preparation procedure requirements have been changed [see 4.2e), i), 4.2e), i) in the 2008 version], and it has been added that it is recommended to use available [materials/resources].

The latest defined procedures for the properties of water and water vapor [see 4.2k];

e) The timing requirements for acceptance testing have been changed (see 4.3.1, 2008 version 4.3.1);

f) The cost requirement for acceptance testing has been removed (see 4.3.3 in the 2008 edition);

g) The requirements for thermal systems undergoing rigorous isolation during acceptance testing have been changed (see 4.4.4, 2008 version 4.4.4);

h) The load setting requirements have been changed (see 4.6.1, 2008 version 4.6.1);

i) The requirements for the typical stability period of the experiment have been added (see 4.8.1);

j) The consistency requirements for testing have been changed (see 4.8.9, 2008 version 4.8.9);

k) The outdated measurement technique was modified, and the corresponding reduction in the measurement uncertainty of the expected experimental results is given (see Chapter 5, 2008).

Chapter 5 of the edition);

l) The requirement to use ultrasonic flow meters for main flow measurement has been added (see Table 5);

m) The requirement for ultrasonic flow meters to be used for main flow measurement has been added (see 5.3.2.3);

n) Additional requirements for allocating unexplained leaks (see Table 6);

o) The correction method and comparison with guaranteed values have been changed (see Chapter 7, Chapter 7 of the 2008 edition);

p) The uncertainty requirement for pressure measurements of the uncertainty of steam and water properties has been changed (see 8.2.1, 2008 version of 8.2.1);

q) The measurement uncertainty requirement for mass flow rate has been changed (see 8.4.1, 2008 version of 8.4.1);

r) The guidance values for the uncertainty of test results have been changed (see Table 9, Table 7 in the 2008 edition);

s) An example of uncertainty calculation has been added (see 8.6);

t) The descriptions of flow nozzles, general correction curves, and power measurement uncertainties have been removed (see Appendix B, Appendix E, and Appendix B of the 2008 edition).

Appendix G).

This document is equivalent to IEC 60953-0:2022 "Test Procedures for Acceptance of Thermal Performance of Steam Turbines - Part 0: Tests for Various Types and Capacities".

Steam turbine width accuracy test.

The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this document.

---The standard name has been changed to "Acceptance Test Procedures for Thermal Performance of Steam Turbines, Part 2: Standards for Various Types and Capacities of Steam Turbines".

Accuracy Test;

---Appendix E (informative) has been added;

---The numbering of tables and images has been changed.

Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.

This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Steam Turbines (SAC/TC172).

Introduction

GB/T 8117 "Test Procedure for Acceptance of Steam Turbine Thermal Performance" uses several different methods to conduct acceptance tests and evaluations of steam turbine thermal performance.

The thermodynamic performance of the steam turbine is estimated, and each part can be used independently. GB/T 8117 is proposed to consist of six parts.

---Part 1: High-accuracy testing of large condensing steam turbines. The aim is to establish a condensing steam turbine suitable for driving generators.

Unified rules for the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of high-accuracy thermodynamic performance acceptance tests.

---Part 2: Wide Accuracy Testing of Steam Turbines of Various Types and Capacities. The aim is to establish accuracy testing methods applicable to various types, capacities, and applications.

Preparation, implementation, evaluation, comparison with guaranteed values, and calculation of steam turbine thermodynamic performance verification tests with a wide range of accuracy.

Unified rules regarding measurement uncertainty, etc.

---Part 3: Thermodynamic Performance Verification Tests of Modified Steam Turbines. The purpose is to establish thermodynamic performance verification methods suitable for modified steam turbines.

Rules governing the preparation, implementation, calculation, comparison of test results with guaranteed values, and measurement uncertainty of verification tests.

---Part 4: Simplified Performance Tests of Steam Turbines and Their Thermodynamic Cycles. The aim is to establish performance characteristics suitable for operation in superheated steam zones or saturated steam zones.

Relevant rules for steam turbine performance testing with wide accuracy in the steam zone.

---Part 5: Performance Testing of Combined Heat and Power/District Heating Steam Turbines. The aim is to establish performance testing methods suitable for combined heat and power/district heating.

Relevant rules for acceptance testing of steam turbine thermal performance.

---Part 6: Performance Testing of Combined Cycle Steam Turbines. The purpose is to establish suitable thermodynamic performance acceptance testing methods for combined cycle steam turbines.

The relevant rules for verification.

With the continuous development of measurement technology, the increase in turbine capacity, and the increasing diversification of turbine configurations, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) the IEC/TC5 (International Technical Committee on Steam Turbines) has proposed a new international standard system for steam turbine performance acceptance testing. According to my country's steam turbine industry...

To meet the needs of industrial development and international trade, my country's GB/T 8117 series standards related to steam turbine performance testing all adopt IEC 60953.

Since their release, the series of standards and related standards have played an important role in accurately understanding the thermodynamic characteristics of steam turbines and promoting the development of steam turbine technology.

Used. With the changes in the IEC 60953 series standards, and to adapt to the needs of international trade and technological exchange and cooperation under the new circumstances, corresponding national standards have been developed.

The standards also need to be revised and supplemented.

This document is equivalent to the basic standard IEC 60953-0:2022, which was officially published in May 2022.Based on this standard, GB/T 8117.2 updated the measurement technology and correspondingly reduced the measurement uncertainty of the test results, and increased the work done at the specified main steam flow rate.

The rate output guarantee value has been updated, recommendations for allocating unknown leakage amounts have been supplemented, the methods for comparing corrected calculations and test results with guarantees have been updated, and the appendix has been simplified.

The structure and contents of the document.

Steam Turbine Thermal Performance Acceptance Test Procedure Part 2: Steam Turbines of Various Types and Capacities Accuracy test

1 Scope

1.1 Overview

This document provides test methods for superheated or saturated steam turbines, specifying the preparation, implementation, evaluation, and comparison with guaranteed values.

And calculating measurement uncertainty, etc.

This document applies to the thermal performance acceptance tests of steam turbines of various types, capacities, and applications, with a wide accuracy range. For a specific...

In such cases, only the relevant clauses of this document need to be applied.

If there are any complex or special circumstances not covered in this document, the manufacturer and the buyer need to reach an appropriate agreement before the contract is signed.

protocol.

Note. The test methods provided in this document include the measurements and methods required to determine the specific enthalpy of wet steam, and describe the application of radioactive safety measures in nuclear power plants.

For example, precautions are needed when conducting experiments.

1.2 Purpose

The purpose of the thermal acceptance tests for steam turbines and turbine units described in this document is to verify the following guarantees provided by the manufacturer.

1) Guaranteed efficiency value.

a) Thermal efficiency;

b) Heat rate;

c) Thermodynamic efficiency;

d) Fuel consumption rate;

e) Output power (see 3.4.7).

2) Guaranteed capacity.

a) Main steam flow capacity;

b) Maximum output power under steam conditions as specified in IEC 60045-1 (excluding main steam flow correction);

c) Nuclear power unit. The output of the steam turbine under specified thermal load.

The guaranteed values and their terms should be expressed completely and without contradiction (see 3.4). Acceptance testing may also include any necessary modifications to the guaranteed conditions.

Measure and check the test results.

1.3 Matters to be considered in the contract

Certain matters in this document need to be considered at an early stage, and these matters will be addressed in the following clauses.

a) 1.1 (Paragraph 3);

b) 1.2 (Paragraph 2);

c) 4.1 (paragraphs 3 and 4);

d) 4.3.2 (Paragraph 1);

e) 7.6;

f) 7.8;

g) 7.9.1.

......
This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 71 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Referenced standards

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