GB/T 6495.1-2025Photovoltaic devices - Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics (English PDF)

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".

Drafting.

This document is Part 1 of GB/T 6495 "Photovoltaic Devices". GB/T 6495 has already published the following parts.

---Part 1: Measurement of Photovoltaic Current-Voltage Characteristics;

---Part 1-1.Measurement of Current-Voltage Characteristics of Multijunction Photovoltaic Devices;

---Part 2: Requirements for Standard Photovoltaic Devices;

---Part 3: Measurement Principle of Ground-Based Photovoltaic Devices Based on Standard Spectral Irradiance Data;

---Part 5: Determining the Equivalent Cell Temperature (ECT) of Photovoltaic Devices Using the Open-Circuit Voltage Method;

---Part 7: Calculation Method for Spectral Mismatch Correction in Photovoltaic Device Measurements;

---Part 8: Measurement of the Spectral Response of Photovoltaic Devices;

---Part 8-1.Measurement of the Spectral Response of Multijunction Photovoltaic Devices;

---Part 9: Characteristic Classification of Solar Simulators;

---Part 10: Methods for measuring linear correlation and linearity;

---Part 11: Initial light-induced degradation test method for crystalline silicon solar cells.

This document supersedes GB/T 6495.1-1996 "Photovoltaic Devices - Part 1: Measurement of Photovoltaic Current-Voltage Characteristics", and is consistent with...

Compared with GB/T 6495.1-1996, apart from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.

a) The scope has been changed (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the 1996 edition);

b) The chapter on "General Measurement Requirements" has been revised, adding sections on overview, stabilization, and reporting conditions (see Chapter 4, Chapter 2 of the 1996 edition);

c) Added instruments and meters (see Chapter 5);

d) The requirements for measurements under natural sunlight have been changed, and a detailed description of the measurement process has been added (see Chapter 6, Chapter 3 of the 1996 edition);

e) The measurements under steady-state simulated sunlight and the measurements under pulsed simulated sunlight are combined into one chapter, and the process of simulating sunlight measurement is added.

A detailed description of the process (Chapter 7, Chapters 4 and 5 of the 1996 edition);

f) A chapter on data analysis has been added, clarifying the requirements for processing test results (see Chapter 8);

g) The content of the "Test Report" section has been changed (see Chapter 9, Chapter 6 of the 1996 edition).

This document is equivalent to IEC 60904-1:2020 "Photovoltaic devices - Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics".

Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.

This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems (SAC/TC90).

Introduction

GB/T 6495 proposes methods for measuring the performance of photovoltaic devices, as well as standards, value transfer, and result correction related to performance measurement.

The requirements for the classification of testing equipment, etc., have positive guiding significance for the performance measurement of photovoltaic devices such as photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic modules.

GB/T 6495 is proposed to consist of the following parts.

---Part 1: Measurement of Photovoltaic Current-Voltage Characteristics. The purpose is to define the basic requirements for measuring the IV curve of photovoltaic devices.

---Part 1-1.Measurement of Current-Voltage Characteristics of Multijunction Photovoltaic Devices. The purpose is to specify the measurement of the IV characteristics of multijunction photovoltaic devices.

Quantification method.

---Part 1-2.Measurement of Current-Voltage Characteristics of Bifacial Photovoltaic Devices. The purpose is to specify the IV characteristic measurement of bifacial photovoltaic modules.

Quantification method.

---Parts 1-3.Measurement of Current-Voltage Characteristics of Curved Photovoltaic Devices. The purpose is to specify the measurement of the IV characteristics of curved photovoltaic devices.

Quantification method.

---Part 2: Requirements for Standard Photovoltaic Devices. The purpose is to specify the requirements for standard photovoltaic devices.

---Part 3: Measurement Principles of Ground-Based Photovoltaic Devices Based on Standard Spectral Irradiance Data. The aim is to provide standard photovoltaic irradiance data.

Degree data.

---Part 4: Procedures for Establishing Standard Photovoltaic Device Calibration Traceability. The purpose is to establish traceability for photovoltaic device calibration.

program.

---Part 5: Determining the Equivalent Cell Temperature (ECT) of Photovoltaic Devices Using the Open-Circuit Voltage Method. The aim is to define the equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of photovoltaic devices.

Method for testing the open-circuit voltage of battery temperature.

---Part 7: Calculation Method for Spectral Mismatch Correction in Photovoltaic Device Measurements. The purpose is to specify the calculation method for spectral mismatch correction.

---Part 8: Measurement of the Spectral Response of Photovoltaic Devices. The purpose is to specify the methods for measuring the spectral response.

---Part 8-1.Measurement of the Spectral Response of Multijunction Photovoltaic Devices. The purpose is to specify the measurement method for the spectral response of multijunction photovoltaic devices.

method.

---Part 9: Classification of Solar Simulator Characteristics. The purpose is to specify the classification requirements for solar simulators used to measure photovoltaic devices.

---Part 10: Methods for Measuring Linear Correlation and Linearity Characteristics. The aim is to define the linearity characteristics of photovoltaic devices and their testing.

method.

---Part 11: Test Method for Initial Light-Induced Degradation of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells. The purpose is to specify the initial light-induced degradation test method for crystalline silicon solar cells.

Attenuation test method.

---Part 12: Measurement methods for the current-voltage (IV) characteristics of perovskite photovoltaic cells and modules. The purpose is to specify the measurement methods for the current-voltage (IV) characteristics of perovskite photovoltaic cells and modules.

Methods for measuring the IV characteristics of voltage-voltage devices.

---Part 13: Electroluminescence of Photovoltaic Modules. The purpose is to specify the testing methods for the electroluminescence of photovoltaic modules.

Note. The correspondence between each part and the IEC 60904 series of international standards is as follows.

---Part 1 corresponds to IEC 60904-1;

---Part 1-1 corresponds to IEC 60904-1-1;

---Parts 1-2 correspond to IEC 60904-1-2;

---Parts 1-3 correspond to IEC 60904-1-3;

---Part 2 corresponds to IEC 60904-2;

---Part 3 corresponds to IEC 60904-3;

---Part 4 corresponds to IEC 60904-4;

---Part 5 corresponds to IEC 60904-5;

---Part 7 corresponds to IEC 60904-7;

---Part 8 corresponds to IEC 60904-8;

---Part 8-1 corresponds to IEC 60904-8-1;

---Part 9 corresponds to IEC 60904-9;

---Part 10 corresponds to IEC 60904-10;

---Part 13 corresponds to IEC 60904-13.

The purpose of this document is to specify the basic requirements for measuring the IV curve of photovoltaic devices, and to specify the corresponding measurement procedures for different measurement methods.

This document, in its preface, proposes methods to reduce measurement uncertainty. It is applicable to the measurement of IV curves under general conditions.

In addition, this document provides several informative appendices, including information on the area measurement of photovoltaic devices (see Appendix A) and information on capacitive effects.

Measurements of photovoltaic devices (see Appendix B), measurements of dark current-voltage characteristics (dark IV curves) (see Appendix C), and spatial non-uniformity of irradiance.

The effects of sexuality (see Appendix D).

The purposes of measuring IV curves are numerous, including but not limited to. calibrating photovoltaic devices using standard devices (such as those commonly used in...).

Traceable measurements with uncertainty assessment performed under standard test conditions, under different conditions (e.g., different device temperatures and different irradiations).

Performance measurements are performed using methods such as the tests specified in IEC 61829 (for determining temperature coefficient or internal series resistance) and IEC 61853-1.

The tests proposed in IEC 60904-10 (power evaluation of photovoltaic devices) or the tests proposed in IEC 60904-10 (for determining specific test parameters of output lines) (Correlation and linearity characteristics). Meanwhile, IV curve measurement is equally important in production environments, such as IV testing on photovoltaic module production lines.

Field IV testing for photovoltaic power plants. IEC TR60904-14 provides further guidance on IV testing on the production line.

For devices other than single-junction single-sided photovoltaic devices, please refer to their respective relevant documents. For multi-junction photovoltaic devices, please refer to [the relevant documentation/documents].

IEC 60904-1-1, double-sided devices refer to IEC 60904-1-2.

Note. The methods provided in this document can also guide the measurement of the IV curve of photovoltaic arrays. Please refer to IEC 61829.

Other practical requirements (such as the grading of the solar simulator) should be determined based on the end use. Other standards that reference this document also...

Specific regulations are provided. In case of any conflict between these requirements and this document, the specific requirements shall prevail.

Photovoltaic Devices Part 1: Photovoltaic Current-Voltage Measurement of characteristics

1 Scope

This document specifies the procedure for measuring the current-voltage characteristics (IV curve) of photovoltaic devices under natural or simulated sunlight.

Suitable for single photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic cell substrings, or photovoltaic modules.

This document applies to ground-mounted, non-concentrating, single-junction, single-sided photovoltaic devices, whose spectral irradiance is typically (but not limited to) IEC 60904-3.

The AM1.5 standard spectral total irradiance is defined in [reference needed]. If the application uses direct sunlight and the spectral irradiance reference standard has changed...

If the standard spectral direct irradiance for AM1.5d in IEC 60904-3 is used, then this document can also be applied to concentrating photovoltaic devices.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.

For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.

This document.

GB/T 46982-2025 Photovoltaic devices – Temperature and irradiance correction methods for IV characteristics (IEC 60891:2021, IDT) Note. GB/T 6495.2-2025 Photovoltaic devices - Part 2: Requirements for standard photovoltaic devices (IEC 60904-2:2023, IDT) IEC 60904-3 Photovoltaic devices – Part 3: Measurement principles of terrestrial photovoltaic devices based on standard spectral irradiance data [Photo-Note. GB/T 6495.3-2025 Photovoltaic devices - Part 3: Measurement principles of terrestrial photovoltaic devices based on standard spectral irradiance data (IEC 60904-3) 2019, IDT) IEC 60904-5 Photovoltaic devices – Part 5: Determination of equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of photovoltaic devices using the open-circuit voltage method (Photo-Note. GB/T 6495.5-2025 Photovoltaic devices - Part 5: Determination of equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of photovoltaic devices by open-circuit voltage method (IEC 60904-5.

2011, IDT)

IEC 60904-7 Photovoltaic devices – Part 7: Calculation method for spectral mismatch correction in photovoltaic measurements vices) Note. GB/T 6495.7-2025 Photovoltaic devices - Part 7: Calculation method for spectral mismatch correction in photovoltaic device measurements (IEC 60904-7:2019, IDT) Note. GB/T 6495.9-2025 Photovoltaic devices - Part 9: Characteristic classification of solar simulators (IEC 60904-9:2020, IDT)