GB/T 47561-2026Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Testing technique and acceptance for aluminium and its alloys (English PDF)

Foreword

GB/T 47561-2026 | Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Testing technique andacceptance for aluminum and its alloys

GB/T 47561-2026 English version. Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Testing technique and acceptance for aluminum and its alloys ICS

33 National Standards of the People's Republic of China Non-destructive testing of welds, ultrasonic testing of aluminum and aluminum alloys Testing technology and acceptance Published on 2026-04-

30 Implemented on 2026-11-

01 State Administration for Market Regulation The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.

1.Scope This document specifies the testing levels, equipment and materials, and testing preparation for ultrasonic pulse echo testing of fusion welded joints of aluminum and aluminum alloys. Requirements for instrument adjustment, testing techniques, non-continuous acceptance, and test reports. This document applies to base material thicknesses of 6mm to 130mm, outer diameters of not less than 500mm, and base material and welds made of aluminum or aluminum alloys, and is suitable for applications involving acoustic attenuation. Full penetration butt joints that reduce (especially those with low scattering attenuation). Welded joints with an outer diameter less than 500mm, other thickness ranges, and high acoustic attenuation. The ultrasonic pulse echo detection shall be performed in accordance with the reference procedure.

4.Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations apply to this document, see Table 1.

5 Information required before testing

5.1 Necessary Items The contract or technology agreement should include at least the following items.

a) Reference level;

b) Discontinuous assessment methods;

c) Acceptance level;

d) Detection level;

e) The manufacturing and processing state of the object being inspected at the time of inspection;

f) Detection range with lateral discontinuities;

g) Pre-weld and/or post-weld base material inspection;

h) The contents of the written testing process specifications.

Note. Reference level is also called reference grade. Acceptance grade is also called acceptance grade.

5.2 Necessary Information Required Before Testing Before ultrasonic testing of welded joints, the testing personnel should obtain the following necessary information.

a) Base material type and product category;

b) The manufacturing or processing condition of the object under inspection at the time of inspection, including heat treatment or other conditions;

c) The timing and extent of post-weld heat treatment;

6 Detection Level

6.1 Classification of Testing Levels The detection levels are divided into Grade A, Grade B, and Grade C. From Grade A to Grade C, the detection coverage should be increased progressively (e.g., by increasing scanning coverage). (Number of times and surface grinding, etc.)

6.2 Selection of Detection Level The selection of the inspection level should conform to the weld quality level (e.g., GB/T 22087), weld inspection documents (e.g., GB/T 34628), and product documentation. As specified in the document or technical agreement, the testing level adopted should conform to the provisions of Table 2.

7 Equipment and Materials

7.1 Testing Equipment The instruments, probes, and combined equipment used in conjunction with this document shall comply with GB/T 27664.1, GB/T 27664.2, and GB/T 27664.2, respectively. The provisions of GB/T 27664.3.

7.2 Standard test block The standard test block used is calibration test block No. 1 specified in GB/T 19799.1 or standard test block No. 2 specified in GB/T 19799.2.

8 Testing Preparation

8.1 Determination of weld shape and dimensions Before inspection, the weld groove type, base metal thickness, weld width, etc. should be understood or measured and recorded.

8.2 Detection Area The inspection area refers to the weld and the width of the heat-affected zone on both sides of the weld. If the width of the heat-affected zone is unknown, samples are taken from the base material on both sides of the weld. 10mm width. The testing surface should be flat and free from any adhering layers or products that may obstruct ultrasonic transmission or probe movement, or cause misjudgment.

8.3 Base Material Testing Unless it can be confirmed (e.g., pre-inspection during manufacturing) that the presence of high attenuation or defects in the base metal does not affect shear wave detection, the base metal in the scanned area... Longitudinal wave testing should be performed on the metal before or after welding. The technical aspects and acceptance procedures for longitudinal wave testing shall be in accordance with the provisions of sections 9.4, 10.4, and

11.2 of this document. implement.

9 Instrument Adjustment

9.1 Angled probe incident point The angle probe should be measured using calibration block No. 1, standard block No. 2, or comparison blocks (RB-AL-1, RB-AL-2, and RB-AL-3). Incident point. When using a comparison test block to determine the incident point of the angle probe, formula (2) should be used, as shown in Figure 4.

10 Detection Technology

10.1 General Requirements Ultrasonic testing should be performed in accordance with the methods described in GB/T 39240, GB/T 11345 and 10.2~10.5.

10.2 Scanning The following requirements should be met during scanning.

a) The scanning sensitivity is not lower than the rated level.

b) Select the inspection surface and scanning range based on the thickness of the workpiece being inspected. When inspecting planar defects at a certain angle, select the appropriate surface for production. The detection surface is close to the vertical defective plane of the sound beam.

c) While keeping the sound beam perpendicular to the center line of the weld and moving back and forth, the probe rotates about 10°.

d) When detecting transverse defects, the angled probe should be aligned with the weld centerline at an angle of 0° to 60° for parallel or oblique parallel scanning.

10.3 Discontinuous Positions All discontinuous locations should be marked in the same reference coordinate system. A point on the inspection surface should be selected as the origin of the coordinate system. When inspecting multiple surfaces, a coordinate origin should be defined for each surface being inspected. In this case, a coordinate origin should be established for all coordinate origins. The positional relationships between them are determined so that all discontinuous absolute positions are determined from the specified coordinate origin. When inspecting circumferential welds, the coordinate origins of the inner and outer rings should be specified before assembly.

11 Discontinuous acceptance

11.1 General Requirements Discontinuities classified as planar according to the method described in GB/T 29711 are unacceptable. Other discontinuities are classified according to

11.2 to 11.5. An evaluation will be conducted.

11.2 Acceptance of Longitudinal Discontinuities Longitudinal discontinuities should be handled in accordance with the provisions of Table

9.When the echo amplitude of the discontinuity exceeds the acceptance level, the discontinuity should be rated as unacceptable. The discontinuity of the experience.

11.3 Acceptance of Horizontal Discontinuities When the horizontal discontinuity is detected, the acceptance level shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of

11.4 Adjacent discontinuities If the following conditions occur simultaneously, adjacent discontinuities should be evaluated as a single discontinuity, as shown in Figure 5.

a) The distance dx between the two discontinuous points is less than twice the length of the longer discontinuity;

b) The two discontinuous spacings dy are less than half the thickness of the base material and not greater than 10 mm;

c) The two discontinuous spacings dz are less than half the thickness of the base material and not greater than 10 mm; The length of the two discontinuous combinations is l12 = l1 l2 dx, as shown in Figure 6.

11.5 Acceptable discontinuous length All individual acceptable discontinuities exceeding the record level should continue to be evaluated. The cumulative length of any single acceptable discontinuity exceeding the record level is defined as the length of any single discontinuity within a given weld length. The sum of the length of the continuous sequence and the combined length of adjacent discontinuous sequences is shown in Figure 7.

12 Test Reports The test report should include at least the following information.

a) Characteristics of the object being inspected. 1) Materials and product types; 2) Dimensions; 3) Location and geometric diagram of the weld/joint under inspection (if required); 4) Welding process, technical agreement, and heat treatment condition; 5) Manufacturing status; 6) Surface condition; 7) Temperature of the object being inspected.

b) Contractual requirements, such as process and special agreements.

c) Testing location and testing date.