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GB/T 44362-2024Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Automated total focusing technique (TFM) (English PDF)

焊缝无损检测超声检测自动全聚焦技术（TFM）

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Issued by

SAMR; SAC

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

August 23, 2024

Implementation date

August 23, 2024

Scope

GB/T 44362-2024 is the English-translated version of 焊缝无损检测超声检测自动全聚焦技术（TFM）.

GB/T 44362-2024 is the Chinese standard "Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Automated total focusing technique (TFM)".

Its scope clause reads: This document specifies the semi-automatic welding of metal fusion welds with a base metal thickness of not less than 3.2 mm using total focusing mass flow meter (TFM) and related techniques.

Automatic or fully automatic ultrasonic testing. Note. Unless otherwise specified, "TFM" and "TFM technology" in this document refer to the TFM technology defined in ISO 23243 and all related technologies.

See GB/T 43921-2024 and ISO 23243. This document applies to isotropic (same properties in different directions) and uniform metal welds, and also applies to isotropic and uniform low carbon Alloy steel welds and conventional aerospace grade aluminum and titanium alloy welds.

This document applies to full penetration welded joints of simple geometries in plates, tubes and vessels. This document specifies four inspection levels (A, B, C and D), with different levels corresponding to different defect detection rates.

Coarse grained metal and austenitic welds can be inspected when the requirements of this document are met. This document defines the specific capabilities and limitations of TFM techniques for the detection, location, quantification, and characterization of discontinuities in fusion welded joints.

TFM can be used as a stand-alone technique or in combination with other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for manufacturing, in-service, and post-repair testing.

Detection. This document includes acceptance criterion evaluations based on length and maximum echo amplitude (equivalent reflector size), or length and height.

This document does not cover discrete acceptance levels. This document describes the following two typical inspection techniques for inspecting fusion welded joints.

Lateral scanning, that is, the probe is placed near the weld cap, usually using a wedge, to scan from one or both sides of the weld; a) Top scanning, that is, the probe is placed on the top of the weld cap, using a flexible conformable delay line or immersion technology, or removing the weld cap Then the contact technique was used for scanning. b) Semi-automatic testing includes a fixture (including guide bars, scales, etc.) that controls the movement of one or more probes through position sensors Measure the probe position and scan manually.

In addition, the fully automatic inspection also includes a mechanical drive system.

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Document preview — GB/T 44362-2024

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

Classification: J33

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC

1 Scope1
2 Normative references1
4 Detection Level2
5 Information required before testing3
5.3 Written testing procedure4
6 Requirements for testing personnel and testing equipment4
6.2 Testing Equipment4
7 Test preparation5
7.1 Detection Area5
7.2 Typical Weld Discontinuity Imaging5
7.4 Scanning Step Settings9
7.7 Temperature9
7.8 Coupling agent9
8 Parent material testing10
9 Range and Sensitivity10
9.2 Range and Sensitivity Settings10
10.2 Material11
11 Equipment Inspection12
12 Verification of testing procedures12
13 Weld Inspection12
14 Data Storage12
15 TFM image interpretation and analysis12
15.2 TFM Image Quality Evaluation13
16 Test Report14
17 Austenitic weld15
A.2.1 Detection level A17
A.2.2 Detection level B18
A.2.4 Detection level D20
A.2.5 Test pieces with a thickness of 3.2 mm to 8 mm20
Appendix B (Informative) Typical discontinuous TFM imaging22
References30

1 Scope

This document specifies the semi-automatic welding of metal fusion welds with a base metal thickness of not less than 3.2 mm using total focusing mass flow meter (TFM) and related techniques.

Automatic or fully automatic ultrasonic testing.

Note. Unless otherwise specified, "TFM" and "TFM technology" in this document refer to the TFM technology defined in ISO 23243 and all related technologies.

See GB/T 43921-2024 and ISO 23243.

This document applies to isotropic (same properties in different directions) and uniform metal welds, and also applies to isotropic and uniform low carbon

Alloy steel welds and conventional aerospace grade aluminum and titanium alloy welds.

This document applies to full penetration welded joints of simple geometries in plates, tubes and vessels.

This document specifies four inspection levels (A, B, C and D), with different levels corresponding to different defect detection rates.

Coarse grained metal and austenitic welds can be inspected when the requirements of this document are met.

This document defines the specific capabilities and limitations of TFM techniques for the detection, location, quantification, and characterization of discontinuities in fusion welded joints.

TFM can be used as a stand-alone technique or in combination with other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for manufacturing, in-service, and post-repair testing.

Detection.

This document includes acceptance criterion evaluations based on length and maximum echo amplitude (equivalent reflector size), or length and height.

This document does not cover discrete acceptance levels.

This document describes the following two typical inspection techniques for inspecting fusion welded joints.

Lateral scanning, that is, the probe is placed near the weld cap, usually using a wedge, to scan from one or both sides of the weld; a)

Top scanning, that is, the probe is placed on the top of the weld cap, using a flexible conformable delay line or immersion technology, or removing the weld cap

Then the contact technique was used for scanning.

Semi-automatic testing includes a fixture (including guide bars, scales, etc.) that controls the movement of one or more probes through position sensors

Measure the probe position and scan manually.

In addition, the fully automatic inspection also includes a mechanical drive system.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.

For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.

in this document.

GB/T 43921-2024 Nondestructive testing Ultrasonic testing Full matrix acquisition/full focusing technology (FMC/TFM) (ISO 23865.2021, IDT)

ISO 5577 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Vocabulary lary

Note. GB/T 12604.1-2020 Non-destructive testing terminology Ultrasonic testing (ISO 5577.2017, MOD)

ISO 5817 Welding of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys - Fusion welds (except beam welds) - Quality grades for imperfections sion﹘welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded)-Quality levels for imperfections] […]

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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 34 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Referenced standards

Normative references

ISO 23865.2021 · ISO 5577 · ISO 5577.2017 · ISO 5817

Similar standards

GB 38031-2025|GB/T44362-2024|GB/T 1.1-2020|GB/T 43921-2024|GB/T 12604.1-2020|GB/T 44051|GB/T 41110|GB/T 41112

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