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GB/T 47076-2026Surface chemical analysis - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Measurement of binding energy for conductive carbon-based materials (English PDF)

表面化学分析　X射线光电子能谱　导电碳基材料结合能的测量

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Issued by

SAMR; SAC

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

January 28, 2026

Implementation date

August 1, 2026

Scope

GB/T 47076-2026 is the English-translated version of 表面化学分析　X射线光电子能谱　导电碳基材料结合能的测量.

GB/T 47076-2026 is the Chinese standard "Surface chemical analysis - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Measurement of binding energy for conductive carbon-based materials".

Its scope clause reads: This document describes a method for measuring the binding energy of conductive carbon-based materials using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

This document applies to the measurement of the binding energy of conductive carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite. Its clauses include terms and definitions; symbols and abbreviations.

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Document preview — GB/T 47076-2026

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 71.040.40
Classification: G 04

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC

Preface
Introduction
1.Scope
2 Normative References
3.Terms and Definitions
4.Symbols and Abbreviations
5.Method Principles
6.Instrument Calibration
7 Sample Preparation
8.Surface charge assessment of the specimen
9 Data Acquisition
10 Test Reports
Appendix A (Informative) Example 6 of Graphite Binding Energy Test
Appendix B (Informative) Examples of Interlaboratory Test Validation
References

1 Scope

This document describes a method for measuring the binding energy of conductive carbon-based materials using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

This document applies to the measurement of the binding energy of conductive carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.

For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.

This document.

GB/T 19500 General Rules for X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Surface Chemical Analysis

GB/T 22461.1 Terminology for Surface Chemical Analysis Part 1.General Terminology and Spectroscopic Terminology

GB/T 22571 Calibration of the energy scale of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface chemical analysis

GB/T 25184 Verification Method for X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometers

GB/T 30815 Guidelines for the preparation and mounting of analytical samples for surface chemical analysis

GB/T 41072 Guide to Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Surface Chemical Analysis

3 Terms and Definitions

The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19500 and GB/T 22461.1, as well as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document.

3.1 conductive carbon-based materials

A carbon-based material with good stability and electrical conductivity.

Note. Conductive carbon-based materials are classified into zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional carbon-based materials. Zero-dimensional carbon-based materials include carbon quantum dots and fullerenes; one-dimensional carbon-based materials...

Materials include carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanowires; two-dimensional carbon-based materials include graphene; three-dimensional carbon-based materials include graphite, activated carbon, conductive carbon black, and carbon.

Aerogels and their composites, etc.

4 Symbols and Abbreviations

The following symbols and abbreviations apply to this document.

hnu. Incident photon energy

phiS. Sample work function

phiSP. Spectrometer work function

ESK. Photoelectron kinetic energy emitted from the sample surface

EFB. Photoelectron binding energy emitted from the sample surface

ESPK. Photoelectron kinetic energy detected by the spectrometer […]

......
This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 16 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Referenced standards

Normative references

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