GB/T 36550-2018Basic terminology of pumped storage power station (English PDF)

2.1 Pumped storage power station

Hydropower stations capable of pumping and accumulating energy to the reservoir are generally used for peak shaving, frequency modulation, phase modulation and accident standby of the power grid.

2.2 Hybrid pumped storage power station

Hydropower stations that have both pumped and runoff power generation functions.

2.3 Daily regulation

To undertake the unbalanced adjustment of power supply and demand during the day, the cycle of the water level change of the upper and lower reservoirs is one day.

2.4 Weekly regulation

To undertake the unbalanced adjustment of power supply and demand during the week, the cycle of water level changes in the upper and lower reservoirs is one week.

2.5 Integrated cycle efficiency

The ratio between the amount of electricity generated by pumped storage power stations and the amount of pumped water in a given period of time.

2.6 Power storage capacity

To meet the tasks of peaking, valley filling, frequency modulation, phase modulation, emergency, etc. in the design hours of the power station on the day (week), and the preparation Use the storage capacity to adjust the storage capacity.

3.1 Water delivery system

3.1.1 Water system building

Incoming water for power generation and pumping, tunnels for water and tail water, pipelines, and water flow control buildings. Including the upper reservoir inlet/outlet, cited Water tunnel, pressure steel pipe, tail water tunnel, lower reservoir inlet/outlet, gate well, surge chamber (tower), stern tube and other buildings.

3.1.2 Upper and lower reservoir inlet/outlet

The engineering facilities at the interface between the upper and lower reservoirs and the water delivery system include hydraulic structures, hoists, gates, and trash racks. With guidance and Controls the flow of water in and out. The types are sideways, vertical and other types.

3.1.3 Side inlet/outlet

The water inlet and outlet of the water channel connected to the reservoir in the horizontal direction can be divided into three types. the gate shaft type, the shore tower type and the bank slope type.

3.1.4 Gate shaft inlet/outlet

The gate is arranged in the mountain shaft, and the flow path between the entrance and the gate well is the side inlet/outlet of the tunnel section.

3.1.5 Shore tower inlet/outlet

The back slope is arranged, and the gate is arranged in the tower structure, which can double as the side inlet/outlet of the bank slope retaining structure.

3.1.6 Bank slope inlet/outlet

The gate door slot (including the trash rack groove) abuts the side inlet/outlet of the inclined bank slope.

3.1.7 Shaft inlet/outlet

The water conveyance channel adopts an inlet/outlet that is vertically connected to the bottom of the reservoir.

3.1.8 Barrier

A hydraulic structure that is placed in front of the inlet/outlet to block sediment.

3.1.9 Diversion tunnel

A tunnel between the inlet/outlet of the upper reservoir and the plant for transporting water.

3.1.10 Tailwater tunnel

Located between the inlet/outlet of the lower reservoir and the underground powerhouse, it is used to transport the water flow tunnel.

3.1.11 Bifurcated pipe

The pipe section at the branch of the pipe.

3.1.12 Steel pipe drainage pipe

A drain pipe that is placed outside the pressure pipe to reduce the external water pressure.

3.1.13 Surge chamber

A water storage building installed in the water delivery system to reduce the water hammer pressure in the pressure channel and improve the operating conditions of the unit.

3.1.14 Water diversion chamber

Set in the surge tank in the diversion tunnel.

3.1.15 Tail water surge chamber

Set in the surge tank in the tail water tunnel.

3.1.16 Pressure steel pipe drainage gallery

In order to eliminate the external water pressure of the pressure pipe or the seepage of the surrounding rock, reduce the external water pressure on the steel lining, and arrange the row above the pressure steel pipe. Water corridor.

3.2 Reservoir

3.2.1 Upper reservoir

A hydraulic structure that stores water upstream of a power station.

3.2.2 Lower reservoir

A hydraulic structure that stores water downstream of a power station.

3.2.3 Drainage drainage gallery

Located around the bottom of the reservoir basin, collecting and discharging the permeable foundation of the dam foundation or the basin basin to reduce the pressure of the ring corridor.

3.2.4 Open spillway

The inlet control section is open and the drain stream has a free surface spillway.

3.2.5 Dam spillway

The spillway is located in whole or in part on the dam of the reinforced concrete face rockfill dam, and the water flow is drawn through the sump to the river far away from the dam toe. The open spillway of the road.

3.2.6 Diversion venting hole

It is used to guide the flow of river water downstream of the foundation pit during the construction period, and the excess water volume of the effluent reservoir during the operation period of the power station (more than the sum of the effective storage capacity in the upper and lower reservoirs) The amount of water) and the flood to ensure the safety of the tunnel.

3.2.7 Emptying hole (tube)

A tunnel (tube) built for maintenance, sand removal or other purposes for venting water stock water.

3.2.8 Barrier dam

Arranged at the end of the upper (lower) reservoir, used to block the water retaining structures in the natural runoff.

3.3 Underground powerhouse caverns

3.3.1 Factory powerhouse

The installation of the unit and its ancillary equipment, the electrical equipment auxiliary equipment of the power station, and the installation, maintenance, operation and management services The buildings are mostly underground, followed by vertical, semi-underground or ground.

3.3.2 Underground powerhouse

A hydropower plant built in a cave below the ground.

3.3.3 Semi-underground powerhouse

It is built in a pit or shaft below the ground, and the top is exposed to the hydropower station above the ground surface.

3.3.4 Main plant

Installed pumped storage units and their auxiliary equipment, buildings for power generation operation and installation and maintenance work.

3.3.5 Sub-factory

Installation of power distribution, control, water machine assistance, communications and other equipment and buildings for maintenance, testing, living, management, etc.

3.3.6 Outlet line

A channel for installing high-voltage cables or gas-insulated metal-enclosed transmission lines (GILs) in the form of inclined wells and shafts.

3.3.7 Rock wall crane beam

The reinforced concrete beam is anchored on the rock platform excavated by the rock wall of the underground powerhouse by grouting long anchor rod, which is supported by the beam, the anchor rod and the surrounding rock. Load and structure of the structure.

3.3.8 Generator motor layer

The space in the main building above the floor between the mainframes.

3.3.9 Busbar layer

The main building is located below the floor of the generator motor layer above the pump turbine layer.

3.3.10 Pump turbine layer

The space in the main building is below the floor of the busbar floor above the volute.

3.3.11 Spiral shell

The main building is located below the floor of the pump turbine floor above the elevation of the top end of the draft tube.

3.3.12 Main transformer hole

Install the cavern of the main transformer equipment.

3.3.13 Busbar hole

A cavity connecting the busbar between the generator motor unit and the main transformer and its generator voltage device is installed.

3.3.14 Into the factory traffic hole

Connect the ground and underground powerhouses to transport the equipment and equipment to and from the tunnel.

3.3.15 Ventilation tunnel

A tunnel for ventilation at the ends of both sides of the underground cavern.

3.3.16 Self-flow drainage hole

A gallery for self-flowing and draining water collecting wells and overhauling the water outlet of the drainage gallery.

3.3.17 Overhaul the drainage gallery

It is located under the volute to install the gallery to repair the drainage pipe.

3.3.18 Leakage collection well

Located at the bottom of the installation site or at the end of the tailgate hole, it is used to collect the vertical hoistway of the leaking water collection gallery and drain it out of the plant.

3.3.19 Leakage collection gallery

It is located under the overhaul drainage corridor to collect the leakage of surrounding rock of underground caverns, domestic water drainage, drainage of main and auxiliary equipment of the unit.

The fire-fighting drainage and the accident of the power station are drained to the gallery of the leaking collection well.

3.3.20 Tail gate

An underground building with a tail water accident gate and its auxiliary equipment.

3.3.21 Hydraulic structure prototype observation

Instrument monitoring, inspection and analysis and evaluation of hydraulic structures and their environmental quantities.

4.1 Technical parameters noun

4.1.1 Power station maximum hair head/head

When the power station is in normal operation, the upper reservoir is in the normal water storage level, and the maximum water level elevation difference occurs when the lower reservoir is at the lowest water storage level. Symbol of quantity. Hgmax Unit. m

4.1.2 Power station minimum hair head/head

When the power station is in normal operation, the upper reservoir is at the lowest water level, and the minimum water level elevation difference occurs when the lower reservoir is in the normal water storage level. Symbol of quantity. Hgmin Unit. m

4.1.3 Turbine head

The effective head of the pump turbine as the operating condition of the turbine is the total unit energy difference of the high and low pressure base sections of the turbine. Symbol of quantity. Ht Unit. m

4.1.4 Maximum head

When the pump turbine is used as the turbine operating condition, the maximum hair head of the power station is subtracted from the water after all the head loss of the water delivery system during no-load operation. Turbine head. Symbol of quantity. Htmax Unit. m

4.1.5 Minimum head

When the pump turbine is used as the turbine operating condition, the minimum hair head of the power station is subtracted from all the pump turbines of the same water channel of the power station.

The turbine head after all the head loss of the water delivery system is allowed at maximum power. Symbol of quantity. Htmin Unit. m

4.1.6 Design head

When the pump turbine is operated as a turbine, the optimal efficiency point of the turbine corresponds to the head. Symbol of quantity. Htd Unit. m

4.1.7 Pump head

The unit energy difference between the high and low pressure reference sections of the pump turbine during operation of the pump. Symbol of quantity. Hp Unit. m

4.1.8 Pump maximum head

When the power station is at the maximum gross lift, all the pump turbines in the same water channel are operated in the cooperative relationship at the rated speed. Head. Symbol of quantity. Hpmax Unit. m

4.1.9 Traffic

4.1.9.1 Unit flow

At 1m head/lift, the flow rate of the pump turbine with a nominal diameter of 1m during various operating conditions. Symbol of quantity. Q11

4.1.9.2 Turbine flow

The volume of water flowing through the pump turbine per unit time during operation of the pump turbine. Symbol of quantity. Qt Unit. m3/s

4.1.9.3 Turbine rated flow

The flow rate required for the pump turbine to output the rated power at rated head and rated speed during turbine operating conditions. Symbol of quantity. Qtr Unit. m3/s

4.1.9.4 Turbine no-load discharge

The pump turbine is used as the flow rate required for zero output power at rated speed when the turbine is operating. Symbol of quantity. Qt0 Unit. m3/s

4.1.9.5 Pump flow

The volume of water flowing through the pump turbine per unit time during operation of the pump turbine. Symbol of quantity. Qp Unit. m3/s

4.1.9.6 Pump optimal flow

The flow rate corresponding to the optimum efficiency point of the pump turbine when operating in the pump operating condition. Symbol of quantity. Qpopt Unit. m3/s

4.1.9.7 Pump minimum flow

The flow rate of the pump head turbine under the maximum head when the pump is running. Symbol of quantity. Qpmin Unit. m3/s

4.1.9.8 Pump maximum flow

The pump turbine is used for the flow at the minimum head when the pump is running. Symbol of quantity. Qpmax Unit. m3/s

4.1.10 Speed

4.1.10.1 Unit speed

Under the 1m head/lift, the speed of the runner with a nominal diameter of 1m is the operating speed of the pump turbine under various working conditions. Symbol of quantity. n11

4.1.10.2 Rated speed

The pump turbine is selected according to the design of the steady state synchronous speed. Symbol of quantity. nr Unit. r/min

4.1.10.3 Turbine operating conditions than speed

When the pump turbine is in the working condition of the turbine, the water head is 1m and the output power is 1kW.

Symbol of quantity. ns Unit. m·kW The current turbine operating conditions (meters of kilowatts) are calculated as follows.

In the formula. n --- Pump turbine speed, in revolutions per minute (r/min); Pt---turbine power in kilowatts (kW); Ht---turbine head, the unit is meters (m).

4.1.10.4 Rated specific speed

The specific speed calculated by the pump turbine in the turbine and calculated according to the rated working condition. Symbol of quantity. ns

4.1.10.5 Optimal specific speed

The specific speed calculated by the pump turbine in the working condition of the turbine and calculated according to the optimal working condition. Symbol of quantity. nsopt

4.1.10.6 Pump specific speed

When the pump turbine is in the working condition of the pump, the head is 1m and the flow rate is 1m³/s.

Symbol of quantity. nq Unit. m·m3/s The current defined turbine operating conditions are calculated as follows.

In the formula. n --- Pump turbine speed, in revolutions per minute (r/min); Qp---turbine power in cubic meters per second (m3/s); Hp---Pump lift, in meters (m).

4.1.10.7 Pump optimal ratio speed

When the pump turbine is running in the pump condition, the highest efficiency point corresponds to the specific speed. Symbol of quantity. nqopt

4.1.10.8 Runaway speed

The steady-state speed value that the pump turbine may reach when the shaft end input power is zero under specified hydraulic conditions and specified vane opening. Symbol of quantity. nrun Unit. r/min

4.1.11 Power and torque

4.1.11.1 Unit power

In all kinds of working conditions, the pump turbine of the runner with a nominal diameter of 1m acts on the runner under the condition of 1m head/lift. Output/input power at the shaft connection. Symbol of quantity. P11

4.1.11.2 Unit torque

In all kinds of working conditions, the pump turbine of the runner with a nominal diameter of 1m acts on the runner under the condition of 1m head/lift. Torque at the shaft connection. Symbol of quantity. T11

4.1.11.3 Direction of rotation

Specifies the direction of rotation of the hydraulic unit as seen from the shaft end of the motor.

4.1.12 Efficiency

4.1.12.1 Hydraulic efficiency

Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. The ratio of the output power of the turbine to the hydraulic power of the turbine in the turbine operating conditions.

Pump hydraulic efficiency. The ratio of the pump hydraulic power to the input power of the runner when the pump turbine is in the working condition of the pump. Symbol of quantity. etath/etaph

4.1.12.2 Mechanical efficiency

Turbine mechanical efficiency. The ratio of turbine power to its output power of the turbine when the turbine is operating under turbine conditions.

Pump mechanical efficiency. The ratio of the input power of the runner to the input power of the pump when the pump turbine is in the working condition of the pump. Symbol of quantity. etatm/etapm

4.1.13 Fully characteristic (four-quadrant property)

The static characteristics of the pump turbine under various possible operating conditions. Often in unit flow (or unit torque), unit speed for vertical and horizontal coordinates The equal opening line in the four quadrants is indicated.

4.1.14 Comprehensive characteristic curve

The efficiency, cavitation coefficient, vane opening degree of the turbine with geometric similarity model given in the coordinate system of unit flow and unit speed A set of contour curves for runner blade angle and pressure pulsation, and output power limit lines.

4.1.15 Operating characteristic curve

It is drawn in the coordinate system of output power and head, and the output power limit line is given under the diameter and rated speed of a certain wheel.

A set of contour curves for prototype pump turbine efficiency, suction height, pressure pulsation, vane opening, and rotor blade angle.

4.1.16 Runaway characteristic curve

It is plotted on the relationship between the vane opening degree and the unit flying speed.

4.2 Equipment

4.2.1 Hydraulic machinery

Main engines and auxiliary engines for turbines, energy storage pumps, pump turbines, valves, control systems, etc. used in power stations.

4.2.2 Reversible unit

It has two working modes of pump and turbine, and two directions of rotation, and the hydraulic power of pump turbine and generator motor unit.

4.2.3 Pump turbine

It can be used as both a pump and a hydraulic machine for turbine operation.

4.2.4 Francis pump

The water flow is close to the radial inflow rotor, gradually changing direction on the fixed rotor blade, and reversible close to the axial outflow at the exit of the runner Pump turbine.

4.2.5 Axial flow pump turbine

The flow of water flows axially into the reversible pump turbine of the runner.

4.2.6 Diagonal flow pump turbine

A reversible pump turbine that is inclined at an angle to the axis of the water as it flows through the runner blades.

4.2.7 Tubular pump turbine

The horizontal flow pump turbine with a straight flow path.

4.2.8 Single stage pump turbine

There is only one runner for the pump turbine.

4.2.9 Multistage pump turbine

The water flow sequentially flows through the pump turbines of a plurality of runners mounted on a shaft.

4.2.10 Single vane control

Each movable vane is controlled by a separate servo.

4.2.11 Non-synchronized vane

Part of the vanes that can control the operation separately and participate in the control loop linkage adjustment.

4.2.12 Water guide bearing

A plain bearing that guides the turbine's main shaft to rotate normally and withstand radial forces.

4.2.13 Draft tube (suction pipe)

Part of the kinetic energy of the runner's outlet water stream is recovered and directed to the tubular components downstream of the hydropower station.

4.2.14 Single vane servomotor

A servomotor that separately drives the movable vane with hydraulic pressure.

4.2.15 Locking device

When the maintenance or oil pressure drops to the low oil pressure of the accident, the main relay can be locked in the closed position and cannot be opened or locked in the open position without A device that can be turned off. There are two types of hydraulic locks and mechanical locks.

4.2.16 Segmentation shutdown device

Starting from the predetermined position of the servomotor until the servomotor is fully closed (excluding the buffer section at the end of the servomotor), the servomotor closing speed is slowed down. Device.

4.3 Other valves

4.3.1 Water ring drain valve

When the unit is in phase-modulated operation, it is used to discharge the control valve for excessive cooling of lubricating water between the runner and the fixed labyrinth ring.

4.3.2 Labyrinth cooling water valve

When the unit is in phase-modulated operation, it is used for the control of the cooling water control of the upper/lower labyrinth leakage ring of the runner.

4.3.3 Spiral exhaust valve

The valve used to discharge compressed air in the volute when the unit is switched from phasing condition to pumping, generating no-load or stationary conditions.

4.3.4 Spiral case pressure valve

When the unit is phasing, the volute and the draft tube are connected to balance the pressure on both sides of the valve.

4.3.5 Runner exhaust valve

A valve used to evacuate the gas in the rotor.

4.3.6 Phase-adjusting pressure valve

When the unit phase modulation condition is started, the compressed air is controlled to drain the valve […]