GB/T 36310-2026Guidelines for e-commerce models (English PDF)

5.1 Classification Principles

The principles for classifying e-commerce models should include.

---Basic. Classified based on the basic applications or uses of e-commerce activities;

---Universality. Meets the common characteristics and needs of e-commerce activities;

---Practicality. Classified based on theoretical foundation and practical application;

---Scalability. Consider the overall development trend of the e-commerce industry in the future.

5.2 Basic Classification

The basic classification of e-commerce models should include, but is not limited to.

---B2C (business-to-customer) model. an e-commerce model where transactions take place between organizations and individuals;

---B2B (business-to-business) model. an e-commerce model that facilitates transactions between organizations;

---C2C (customer to customer) model. an e-commerce model where transactions occur between individuals.

---O2O (online to offline) model is an e-commerce model that combines online transactions with offline experiences, marketing, and services;

---Live streaming mode, through websites, applications, mini-programs, etc., uses video, audio, or various other live streaming methods. An e-commerce model that combines marketing and services;

---The shopping guide model influences consumption by filtering and disseminating information about products and promotions. E-commerce models that influence consumer purchasing decisions;

---Subscription model. An e-commerce model where consumers pay a recurring fee to receive products or services;

---Social model. An e-commerce model that uses social media platforms to sell and promote products or services.

Note: Existing models can be expanded through combination, innovation, and derivation. For example, the B2C model can be expanded to include group buying.

6.1 Pattern Description Method

The pattern description methods include boxes, solid lines with arrows, dashed lines, and other graphic elements, as shown in Table 1.

6.2 B2C Model Framework

6.3 B2B Model Framework

The framework of the B2B model is shown in Figure 2. The B2B model may exclude the payment and logistics links.

6.4 C2C Model Framework

The C2C model framework is shown in Figure 3. The C2C model may exclude the payment and logistics links.

6.5 O2O Model Framework

The O2O model framework is shown in Figure 4. The O2O model may exclude the payment and logistics links.

6.6 Live Streaming Mode Framework

The framework of the live streaming model is shown in Figure 5. The live streaming model may exclude the logistics process.

6.7 Shopping Guide Model Framework

The framework of the shopping guide model is shown in Figure 6. The shopping guide model may exclude the logistics link.

6.8 Subscription Model Framework

The subscription model framework is shown in Figure 7. The subscription model may exclude payment and logistics.

6.9 Social Pattern Framework

The social model framework should conform to the content of 4.1.2 in GB/T 45201-2024.