GB/T 36168-2018Turquoise—Testing (English PDF)
绿松石 鉴定
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Issued by
SAMR; SAC
Level / Type
National · Recommended
Issue date
May 14, 2018
Implementation date
December 1, 2018
Scope
GB/T 36168-2018 is the English-translated version of 绿松石 鉴定.
GB/T 36168-2018 sets out how to identify turquoise and how to tell natural material from turquoise that has been optimized or treated. It defines turquoise as a cryptocrystalline aggregate of hydrous copper aluminium phosphate, and defines filling, texture optimization, dyeing and the leaching solution used in testing.
The body gives the identification features of turquoise, starting from its chemical composition, then the common optimization and treatment methods with their identification features, and the features of reconstructed turquoise.
Informative annexes give the infrared absorption spectra of natural, wax-dipped and adhesive-filled turquoise (acrylate and bisphenol A epoxy adhesives), the measurement of the integral areas of the C=O and OH absorption peaks, and X-ray fluorescence and extract pH analysis for texture-optimized stones.
It builds on GB/T 16552 and GB/T 16553, was issued on 14 May 2018 and has applied since 1 December 2018.
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Document preview — GB/T 36168-2018
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
- ICS
- 39.060
- Classification
- D 59
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC
Contents
- Foreword
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and Definitions
- 4 Turquoise identification
- 5 Turquoise common optimization treatment methods and identification features
- 6 Reconstructed Turquoise Identification Features
- Appendix A (informative) Infrared absorption spectrum of turquoise
- Appendix B (informative) Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Dipped Wax Turquoise
- Appendix C (informative) Infrared absorption spectrum of acrylate adhesive filled with turquoise
- Appendix D (informative) Infrared absorption spectrum of turquoise filled with adhesive containing bisphenol A epoxy resin
- Appendix E (informative) Measure the integral area of the nu(C=O) and delta(OH-) absorption peaks.
- Appendix F (informative) Texture-optimized identification of turquoise. X-ray fluorescence spectral composition analysis
- Appendix G (informative) Texture-optimized identification of turquoise. pH analysis method for extracts
- Reference
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
1 Scope
This standard specifies the identification characteristics and identification methods of natural and optimized treatment of turquoise.
This standard applies to the identification of turquoise.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 16552 Jewelry and Jade Name
GB/T 16553 Jewelry and Jade Identification
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 16552 and GB/T 16553 apply to this document.
3.1 Turquoise
A cryptocrystalline mineral aggregate containing aqueous copper aluminum phosphate, the main chemical component CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O, may contain a small amount Kaolinite, quartz, pyrite, mica, mayenite, iron oxides and hydroxides.
3.2 Filling
Fill the turquoise cracks, pores, or turquoise with materials such as waxes, resin-based adhesives, and inorganic adhesives to improve durability. And appearance.
3.3 Texture optimization
Under the action of certain temperature, pressure and electrolyte, the texture of the turquoise surface layer and the near surface layer and the optical and mechanical properties are improved to varying degrees. quality. Also known as texture improvement or density optimization.
3.4 Dyeing
A material such as a dye or a colored resin (a mixture of a dye and a resin) and a colored wax (a mixture of a dye and a wax) is infiltrated into turquoise to improve Or change its color.
3.5 Leaching solution
A solution obtained by immersing turquoise in distilled water at a certain mass ratio and heating it in a boiling water bath at a normal pressure for a certain period of time.
4 Turquoise identification
4.1 Identification features
4.1.1 Chemical composition
The theoretical chemical formula of turquoise minerals is CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O, in which Al3 and Fe3 can be completely isomorphic.
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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 15 pages — is available in the English PDF.
Referenced standards
Normative references
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