GB/T 32892-2026Model and parameter test regulation for photovoltaic power systems (English PDF)

6.1 General Provisions

6.1.1 Photovoltaic generator sets or units can be tested as a whole using model parameters, or the photovoltaic array and inverter can be tested individually.

6.1.2 The parameters of the photovoltaic array model should preferably be obtained through field test data, or they can be fitted using the photovoltaic module parameters provided by the manufacturer. get.

6.1.3 Model parameter tests for photovoltaic inverters, reactive power compensation devices, and power control systems at the plant level should preferentially adopt type testing methods. The test data for model parameters can be supplemented by controller-in-the-loop real-time simulation and field measurement. The test items are shown in Table 1.

6.1.4 The grid-side voltage large disturbance test shall include voltage drop test, voltage rise test and voltage continuous drop-rise test.

6.2 Photovoltaic Array Model Parameter Test

6.2.1 The photovoltaic array model parameter test should be carried out under a solar irradiance greater than 700W/m2.

6.2.2 The experimental steps for the photovoltaic array model parameters are as follows:

a) Maintain the photovoltaic array under no-load operation and monitor the voltage at the output side of the photovoltaic array;

b) The photovoltaic array is connected to the grid via an inverter. The inverter is set to operate in maximum power point tracking mode, and the output power of the photovoltaic array is monitored. Voltage, current;

c) Adjust the inverter to operate in the given active power command mode, where the active power control command is

0.2 pu;

d) After the inverter stabilizes in tracking the active power control command, monitor the voltage and current on the output side of the photovoltaic array;

e) The active power control command is gradually increased in increments of

0.1 pu to the maximum power point, and step d is repeated.

6.2.3 Solar irradiance data should be recorded during the experiment.

6.3 Photovoltaic Inverter Model Parameter Test

6.3.1 The active power control test of photovoltaic inverters shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 37409.

6.3.2 The reactive power control test of photovoltaic inverters shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 37409.

6.3.3 The test procedure for small disturbance of grid-side voltage of photovoltaic inverter is as follows:

a) Connect the photovoltaic inverter to the photovoltaic power generation system model parameter test system. The test system shall comply with the provisions of C.1 in Appendix C.

b) Maintain normal operation of the photovoltaic inverter, adjust the AC side voltage to 98%Un~102%Un, and ensure the output active power P >= 0.7Pn, reactive power 0<=Q<=0.2Qmax;

c) Conduct a three-phase voltage disturbance test on the photovoltaic inverter by using a voltage disturbance generator or by simulating a line fault, so that the AC side voltage... The temperature dropped to 95%Un and rose to 105%Un, respectively, and ran for 2 seconds.

d) Record the experimental data; the data format is shown in Appendix D.

e) Maintain normal operation of the photovoltaic inverter, adjust the AC side voltage to 98%Un~102%Un, and ensure the output active power P >= 0.7Pn, reactive power 0.5Qmax<=Q<=Qmax, repeat steps c)~d).

6.3.4 The voltage dip test and voltage rise test conditions of the photovoltaic inverter shall comply with the provisions of E.1 in Appendix E, and the test procedures are as follows:

a) Connect the photovoltaic inverter to the photovoltaic power generation system model parameter test system. The test system shall comply with the provisions of C.1.

b) Maintain normal operation of the photovoltaic inverter, adjust the AC side voltage to 95%Un~105%Un, and ensure the output active power is 0.1Pn<= For P<=0.3Pn, the reactive power ranges are Qmin<=Q<=0.5Qmin and 0.2Qmin<=Q<=0.2Qmax, respectively.

c) Conduct a three-phase voltage drop test on the photovoltaic inverter using a voltage disturbance generator or by simulating a line fault, to reduce the AC voltage... The drops should occur at levels of 5%Un~30%Un, 30%Un~60%Un, and 60%Un~90%Un, respectively, with a duration of no less than

0.15 seconds. Record the experimental data; the data format is shown in Appendix D.

d) Conduct a two-phase or single-phase voltage drop test on the photovoltaic inverter by using a voltage disturbance generator or by simulating a line fault, so that the AC voltage drops... The side voltage should drop to 30%Un~60%Un and 60%Un~90%Un respectively, with a duration of not less than 0.15s. Record the test results. Data, data format is shown in Appendix D;

6.4 Parameter Test of Reactive Power Compensation Device

6.4.1 The reactive power control test procedure for the reactive power compensation device is as follows:

a) Connect the reactive power compensation device to the test system shown in Figure C.1.The signal simulation device should comply with the requirements of C.3.

b) Close switch K1 to operate the reactive power compensation device in constant reactive power control mode, and set the initial reactive power to 0;

c) Using a signal simulation device, control the reactive power reference value of the reactive power compensation device according to the curve shown in Figure 1, so that the reactive power is reduced from... The reactive power continuously operates for 100 seconds during the step transition from 0 to Qmin, 0, and Qmax.

d) Record the experimental data. The data format is shown in Appendix D. Figure

6.5 Plant-level power control system parameter test

6.5.1 The active power control test procedure for the plant-level power control system is as follows:

a) Connect the plant-level power control system and photovoltaic power generation system to the test system shown in Figure C.2.The signal simulation device should comply with C.3. Regulations;

b) Close switch K2, and in constant active power control mode, set the active power of the photovoltaic power generation system to 0.7Pn<=P0<=Pn;

c) Using a signal simulation device, control the active power reference value of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the curve shown in Figure 3, so that the active power is sequentially... The active power continuously operates for 100 seconds during the step transition, which is followed by step transitions to 0.6Pn, 0.2Pn, P0, 0.2Pn, 0.6Pn, and P0.

d) Record the experimental data. The data format is shown in Appendix D. Figure

7.1 Experimental Data Processing

7.1.1 The test data used for model parameter identification and verification shall include voltage, current, reactive current, active power and reactive power.

7.1.2 The experimental data processing shall be carried out in accordance with the following steps.

a) Calculate and extract the effective values of voltage, current, reactive current, and active power from the original test data according to the method specified in Appendix F. Reactive power, where the effective values of voltage and current should include the fundamental and harmonic components;

b) Resample the experimental data extracted in step a), and unify the time resolution of the experimental data to 1 ms as the electromagnetic transient. Experimental data for state model parameter identification and verification can be used to add a first-order low-pass filter to remove high-frequency harmonic components during resampling. The time constant is no greater than 1ms;

c) Calculate and extract the fundamental components of voltage, current, and reactive current, as well as the active power and reactive power from the original experimental data;

d) Resample the experimental data extracted in step c), and unify the time resolution of the experimental data to the electromechanical transient model simulation. The calculation step size is typically 10 ms, which serves as the experimental data for parameter identification and verification of the electromechanical transient model.

e) Convert the test data processed in steps

d) to per-unit values, with the power reference value being the equipment's rated capacity and the voltage reference value being The rated voltage at the measurement point.

7.2 Parameter Identification

7.2.1 Based on the experimental data in 6.2, use an appropriate method to fit the UI and PU characteristics of the photovoltaic array model.

7.2.2 Parameter identification of the electromechanical transient model and structured electromagnetic transient model of the photovoltaic inverter is carried out according to the following steps.

a) Identify the active power control parameters of the photovoltaic inverter based on active power control test and grid-side small disturbance test data;

b) Identify the reactive power control loop of the photovoltaic inverter based on data from reactive power control tests, voltage control tests, and grid-side small disturbance tests. Section parameters;

c) Based on the grid-side large disturbance test data, identify the parameters of the fault ride-through control loop and the fault ride-through recovery loop of the photovoltaic inverter. parameter.

7.2.3 Parameter identification of the electromechanical transient model and structured electromagnetic transient model of the reactive power compensation device shall be carried out according to the following steps.

a) Based on the data from reactive power control tests, voltage control tests, and grid-side small disturbance tests, identify the reactive power control of the reactive power compensation device. Process parameters;

b) Identify the voltage control parameters of the reactive power compensation device based on voltage control test and grid-side small disturbance test data;

c) Based on the grid-side large disturbance test data, identify the fault ride-through control parameters and fault ride-through characteristics of the photovoltaic inverter and reactive power compensation device. The parameters of the recovery process.

7.2.4 Parameter identification of the electromechanical transient model and structured electromagnetic transient model of the plant-level power control system shall be carried out according to the following steps.

a) Identify the parameters of the active power control system at the plant/station level based on the active power control test data;

b) Identify the parameters of the reactive power control system at the plant level based on the reactive power control test and voltage control test data;

c) Identify the parameters of the plant-level voltage control system based on voltage control test data;

d) Identify the parameters of the plant-level frequency control system based on the frequency disturbance test data.

8.1 Model Validation Simulation

8.1.1 The electromechanical and electromagnetic transient model simulation of photovoltaic inverters, reactive power compensation devices, and power control systems at the plant level shall be carried out in accordance with the following steps. conduct.

a) Based on the topology of the experimental test system and the identified model parameters, establish [systems/deployments] in electromechanical and electromagnetic transient simulation software respectively. Simulation model based on a single-machine infinite bus system;

b) Set parameters such as voltage, equivalent impedance, and short-circuit capacity of the infinite power grid to ensure that the power grid parameters of the simulation model system are consistent with those of the experimental test system. Unified;

c) Set the initial active and reactive power of the simulation model sequentially according to the provisions of Chapter 6 to make it consistent with the test conditions;

d) Set the simulation disturbance events and parameters sequentially to match the corresponding test condition disturbances, perform simulation calculations, and extract the simulation model. Voltage, current, and power data;

e) Process the simulation data according to the steps specified in

7.1.2 to make the processed simulation data synchronized and of the same length as the corresponding experimental data.

8.1.2 The verification of the equivalent electromechanical transient model of the photovoltaic power generation system shall be carried out in accordance with the following steps.

a) Based on the topology of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the electromechanical components of the photovoltaic inverter, reactive power compensation device, and plant-level power control system. Transient model parameters, and the construction of a detailed transient model of the photovoltaic power generation system;

b) Perform multiplication calculations on multiple photovoltaic generator sets composed of inverters of the same model to complete the photovoltaic generator set model parameters, etc. The equivalent capacity is the sum of the rated capacities of all inverters. If there are multiple inverter models in the photovoltaic power generation system, it is advisable to use the model number as the reference. Classify and perform equalization;

c) Following the principle of constant loss and consistent maximum voltage drop within the steady-state voltage range, complete the step-up transformer and busbars for the photovoltaic power generation unit. Equivalent modeling of the road and the step-up transformer within the station;

d) Based on the equivalent model parameters obtained in steps

b) and c), construct an equivalent electromechanical transient model of the photovoltaic power generation system;

e) According to the simulation conditions specified in E.3, sequentially set the simulation disturbance events and parameters of the transient model to make the detailed model and the equivalent model consistent. The simulation conditions are consistent, and simulation calculations are carried out sequentially to extract the voltage, current, and power at the grid connection point of the detailed model and the equivalent model. data;

8.2 Data Segment Division

8.2.1 The time range for grid-side voltage disturbance test verification should include 2 seconds before the disturbance until the disturbance is cleared and active power returns to stable operation. 2s.

8.2.2 The data sequence segmentation principle for grid-side voltage disturbance test verification is as follows:

a) Based on the voltage disturbance data, the data sequence is divided into three time periods. A (before the disturbance), B (during the disturbance), and C (after the disturbance);

b) Based on the response characteristics of current, active power, and reactive power, the three time periods are divided into steady-state and transient intervals, with time period A being... The steady-state interval is defined as follows: time period B is divided into B1 (transient interval) and B2 (steady-state interval), and time period C is divided into C1 (transient interval) and C2 (steady-state interval). (state interval)

c) The division of data sequence segments shall comply with the provisions of Appendix G.

8.2.3 The time range for the command signal simulation test verification should include 2 seconds before the control command is issued and 10 seconds after the power reaches stable operation.

8.2.4 The principle for dividing the data sequence into segments for the command signal simulation test verification is as follows:

a) Based on instructions or signals, divide the data sequence into two time periods, A (before the step jump) and B (after the step jump);

b) Based on the response characteristics of current, active power, and reactive power, the two time periods are divided into steady-state and transient intervals, where time period A is... For the steady-state interval, time period B should be divided into B1 (transient interval) and B2 (steady-state interval);

c) The segmentation of the data sequence shall comply with the provisions of Appendix H.

8.3 Deviation Calculation

8.3.1 After the data is divided into segments, the deviation of the steady-state interval and transient interval for each time period should be calculated separately. The maximum absolute deviation for time period A should be calculated. For deviation, the average deviation should be calculated for the transient interval of time period B, and the average absolute deviation and maximum absolute deviation should be calculated for the steady-state interval. For the transient interval of time period C... The average deviation should be calculated for the interval, and the maximum absolute deviation should be calculated for the steady-state interval.

8.3.2 When evaluating the accuracy of electromagnetic transient models under two-phase or single-phase asymmetrical disturbance conditions, the average deviation should be calculated for time period B.

8.3.3 The calculation methods for mean deviation, mean absolute deviation and maximum absolute deviation are shown in formulas (1) to (3).

8.3.4 The comprehensive evaluation index for model accuracy should preferably be the weighted average total deviation, calculated as shown in formula (4). The weights for each segment are shown in [reference needed]. Table

2.The comprehensive evaluation index of the accuracy of the electromagnetic transient model under two-phase or single-phase asymmetrical disturbance conditions is calculated using the weighted average of formula (5). Total deviation, where the weight lambdaB for time period B is 60%.

8.4 Accuracy Evaluation of Electromechanical Transient Model

8.4.1 The accuracy of the models for photovoltaic inverters, reactive power compensation devices, and power control systems at the plant level should be based on simulation data and experimental data. The deviation values of electrical quantities are evaluated, and the electrical quantities to be assessed are shown in Table 3.

8.4.2 The accuracy requirements for the electromechanical transient models of photovoltaic inverters, reactive power compensation devices, and power control systems at the plant level are as follows:

a) Under three-phase symmetrical disturbance conditions on the grid side, the fundamental positive-sequence components of voltage, current, and reactive current, as well as the various parameters of active and reactive power. The deviation should not exceed the values in Table 4.

b) Deviations of the fundamental positive and negative sequence components of voltage, current, and reactive current under two-phase or single-phase asymmetrical disturbance conditions on the grid side. The values should not exceed

1.5 times the values in Table 4, and the deviations of active and reactive power should not exceed the values in Table 4. When the current limiting circuit of the photovoltaic inverter is in reactive current priority mode and the output current reaches the upper limit, the electrical quantities to be evaluated are voltage and current. Current, reactive power, and reactive current. When the current limiting circuit of the photovoltaic inverter is in active current priority mode and the output current... When the upper limit is reached, the electrical quantities to be assessed are voltage, current, and active power.

c) Under active power control test and frequency disturbance test conditions, the deviations of active power, current, and voltage should not exceed those specified in Table 4. Numerical value.

d) Under reactive power control and voltage control test conditions, the deviations of reactive power, current, and voltage should not exceed those specified in Table 4. Numerical value.

8.4.3 The accuracy of the equivalent model of the photovoltaic power generation system should be evaluated based on the deviation of electrical quantities between the equivalent model and the detailed model simulation data. This includes deviations in voltage, current, reactive current, active power, and reactive power.

8.4.4 The deviations of the equivalent electromechanical transient model of the photovoltaic power generation system shall not exceed the values in Table 5.

8.5 Accuracy Evaluation of Electromagnetic Transient Model

8.5.1 The accuracy requirements for the electromagnetic transient models of photovoltaic inverters, reactive power compensation devices, and power control systems at the plant level are as follows:

a) Under three-phase symmetrical disturbance conditions, the deviations of the effective values of voltage, current, reactive current, active power, and reactive power should not exceed [the specified values]. The values in Table 6;

b) Under two-phase or single-phase asymmetrical disturbance conditions, the deviations of the effective values of voltage, current, reactive current, active power, and reactive power. The values should not exceed those in Table 7;

c) Under active power control test and frequency disturbance test conditions, the deviations of active power, current, and voltage should not exceed those specified in Table 6. Numerical value;

d) Under reactive power control and voltage control test conditions, the deviations of reactive power, reactive current, current, and voltage should not exceed [the specified limits]. The values in Table 6.