GB/T 27545-2024Horizontal circulating mechanical parking system (English PDF)

3 Terms and definitions

3.1 horizontal circulating mechanical parking system: a mechanical parking system in which a horizontal circulating mechanism makes the car-carrying devices move round a circuit until they reach the lift or the entry and exit opening, so that cars can be stored and taken out. The entry is quoted from GB/T 26476-2021, 3.1.8.

The terms defined in GB/T 26476 also apply to the document.

4 Types, basic parameters and model designation

4.1 Besides the types laid down in GB/T 26559-2021, 4.2, the systems are divided by circulating mode into three kinds. In circular circulation the pallets move round the circuit along a circular arc in the horizontal plane at the two ends of the system. In rectangular circulation the system is arranged in two rows and the pallets move round the circuit along straight lines in the horizontal plane at the two ends. In multi-row multi-column circulation the number of parking spaces set both lengthwise and crosswise within the plane of the system is greater than two, and the pallets move along straight lines in the horizontal plane. Figure 1 illustrates the three modes.

4.2 The group, dimensions and mass of the cars that the system accepts follow Table 2 of GB/T 26559-2021.

4.3 The model designation is built from the code for mechanical parking systems, the code for the system, the system feature code and a manufacturer-specific code. The feature code follows Table 1 of GB/T 26559-2021; the manufacturer-specific code is decided by the manufacturer. Two worked examples are given: a two-level system hoisted by chain from a manufacturer whose code is P is designated PSXL-P and stated with its size as PSXL-P type, 2 levels; a four-level system hoisted by wire rope from a manufacturer whose code is B is designated PSXS-B and stated as PSXS-B type, 4 levels.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 The ambient temperature for service is -5 °C to 40 °C. Electrical equipment shall work normally at a maximum temperature of 40 °C with relative humidity not above 50%; a higher relative humidity is allowed at lower temperatures, for instance 90% at 20 °C. The altitude should not exceed 1 000 m, and above 1 000 m the motor capacity is corrected as required by GB/T 39980-2021, 8.6.3. The service environment shall be free of media that are flammable or explosive, corrosive, or harmful to insulation and to conduction. The supply is a three-phase five-wire alternating current supply at 50 Hz and 380 V; the voltage fluctuation at the point where the feeder enters the system shall not exceed +/-10% of the rated voltage, and the internal voltage drop of the system shall not exceed 5%. Service conditions outside this range are settled between the user and the manufacturer.

5.2 Design follows GB/T 39980, and the dimensions of the entry and exit opening, of the parking spaces and of the passage for getting in and out of the car follow GB/T 39980-2021, 9.3. For a single system the maximum single-car entry (exit) time should not be greater than 300 s and the maximum storage capacity should not be greater than 100 parking spaces. The metal structure follows GB/T 39980-2021, 6.10, the steel frame is designed to clause 6 of GB/T 39980-2021 or, at the user's request, to GB 50017, and the seismic calculation of the structure follows GB/T 39980-2021, 6.9. Where the system is installed inside or against a building it shall suit the load-carrying condition of the building. With a car parked normally on the pallet the minimum gap between the cars of adjacent spaces shall be not less than 0.1 m; while the pallet moves, neither the pallet nor the car on it shall foul any object of the parking system, and a safety distance of not less than 0.04 m shall be kept. Parking spaces shall have means that stop oil and water dripping onto the cars below.

5.3 The system shall run normally, brake reliably and be free of abnormal noise, and the mechanisms shall run smoothly and position accurately. In the rated load test the mechanisms shall run normally, the safety protection devices shall act sensitively and reliably, no member of a mechanism or of the structure shall be damaged and no connection shall come loose or be damaged. In the static load test every parking space shall carry a test load of 1.1 times the rated load and the hoisting mechanism a test load of 1.25 times the rated load; afterwards the main load-bearing members shall show no crack and no permanent deformation, no coating shall have peeled off, there shall be no damage affecting performance or safety, and no connection shall be loose or damaged. In the dynamic load test the system shall work normally and the brake and the other safety protection devices shall act sensitively and reliably. The permissible deviation of the rated speed of the hoisting mechanism and of the travelling mechanism is +/-8% of the design value.

5.4 The material of the main load-bearing members of the metal structure, such as columns, cross beams and longitudinal beams, shall have mechanical properties not lower than those of Q235 steel of GB/T 700-2006 or of steel 20 of GB/T 699-2015. Welds shall show no obvious defect visible to the eye; classified according to GB/T 6417.1, the weld quality of the main load-bearing members shall reach level B of GB/T 19418. Butt welds of main load-bearing members shall undergo non-destructive testing: with radiographic testing the acceptance level shall be not lower than level 2 of GB/T 37910.1-2019, and with ultrasonic testing not lower than level 1 of JB/T 10559-2018. Where main load-bearing members are joined by high-strength bolts, the bolts, nuts and washers follow GB/T 1228, GB/T 1229, GB/T 1230 and GB/T 1231, and torshear type high-strength bolt connection sets follow GB/T 3632. Surface preparation of the main load-bearing members shall reach grade Sa 2 1/2 of GB/T 8923.1-2011, and that of the other structural members grade Sa 2 or St 2 by hand.

5.4 (continued) Hoisting wire ropes, sheaves, drums and traction sheaves follow GB/T 39980-2021, 7.3.2, 7.3.3 and 7.3.4; hoisting sprockets and chains follow 7.3.10 and 7.3.11; the brake, which shall be fitted, follows 7.1.1.3; the hydraulic system follows 7.3.15. Pallets shall be made of non-combustible material and have sufficient strength and stiffness, and pallets of one level that have to move both lengthwise and crosswise shall be interchangeable. The electrical design follows clause 8 of GB/T 39980-2021 and the safety requirements for electrics and control follow 9.7. Instruments, push-buttons and operating switches shall have their function marked on the screen and on the control cabinet or console, and the ends of conductors and cables shall carry a mark or a number. A socket outlet for maintenance shall be provided in the machine room or the pit. The lift shall have an emergency stop switch. The lighting circuit shall have its own supply switch, independent of the main power switch. The control system shall have automatic protection and the power circuit shall have short-circuit, overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage, phase-loss and phase-reversal protection. The metal structure and the metal enclosures of all electrical equipment, the conduits and trunking, the metal sheaths of cables and the low-voltage side of the transformer shall be reliably earthed, and the earthing resistance of the protective earthing system shall not exceed 4 ohm. With DC 500 V applied between the conductors of the power circuit and the protective earthing circuit, the insulation resistance measured shall be not less than 1 megohm.

5.5 The metal structure shall be firmly connected and free of defects that would reduce its strength, and its installation accuracy follows Table 1. All moving parts shall move freely after installation, without sticking. The relative height difference of the two running rails at the same cross-section shall not exceed 3 mm, the gauge deviation is +/-2 mm, and within 50 mm of a rail joint the misalignment of the top face and of the side face shall not exceed 1 mm; the straightness of the running rails follows Table 2. For the vertical guide rails, joints may be ground, the misalignment at a joint shall not exceed 0.5 mm and the gap shall not exceed 2 mm; the joints of the several guide rails should not lie in one horizontal plane and shall be staggered by not less than 500 mm, and that stagger shall not equal the spacing between the upper and lower rollers or guide shoes of the lifting platform and of the counterweight or balance weight; the permissible deviation of the gauge between the side faces of the two guide rails is +/-4 mm. Where the horizontal circulating mechanism uses friction wheels, the height difference between any two adjacent supporting wheels in the direction of travel shall not exceed 2 mm. The levelling accuracy of the hoisting mechanism shall not exceed 5 mm, and the positioning accuracy of pallet traverse shall not hinder normal running. Counterweight or balance weight blocks shall be fixed against shifting, and the clearance between the counterweight or balance weight and the lifting platform and fixed objects shall not be less than 50 mm. The relative error of the working faces of the several buffers of one device shall not exceed 5 mm, and the verticality of hydraulic buffers shall not exceed 0.5% of their height. Automatic doors shall open and close freely and without abnormal noise, and electrical equipment is installed to GB 50168, GB 50169, GB 50254 and GB 50256.

5.5 (continued) Table 1 fixes the installation accuracy of the metal structure in millimetres, for the plane of the structure and for the columns, covering verticality, width, depth and the difference between the diagonals, with the total height of the metal structure entering the verticality limit. The columns of the extracted table could not be paired with its rows with certainty, so the values are not reproduced here.

5.5 (continued) Table 2 fixes the straightness of the running rails in millimetres for two ranges of rail length, up to and including 50 m and over 50 m, giving in each case a limit within any one metre of length and a limit over the whole length. Within one metre of length the limit is 1 mm for both ranges; over the whole length it is 8 mm for rails up to 50 m and 10 mm for rails over 50 m.

5.6 The safety protection devices follow GB/T 39980-2021, 9.10, and the safety signs and hazard pictorials follow GB/T 44354. Where the automatic door cannot serve as the way in and out for the driver, a separate access door shall be provided. Automatic doors and access doors shall have interlocking protection, and automatic doors shall have an anti-trapping device. The horizontal circulating mechanism and the lift, or lifting mechanism, shall be interlocked, so that no transfer of a car takes place between them while the lift is not in the correct position. For a lift running in the quasi-unattended mode, where the lift has reached the entry and exit position and the pit below the lifting platform has a drop of more than 500 mm, so that an incident could let a car or a pallet fall from a height, an anti-falling device shall be fitted, and it shall hold the car or pallet even in the severe case of a wire rope, chain or other key part breaking. Where the car is exchanged by traversing the pallet, after the lifting platform has arrived at its level and when it changes position in the transfer zone, means such as a lift levelling device shall be provided to lessen the risk as the load leaves and enters the lifting platform, and a levelling device shall be provided at the other positions as well where this is needed. Buffers of a traction-driven lift are placed at the lower end of the vertical travel of the lifting platform and of the counterweight; buffers of a positive-drive lift are placed at both the lower and the upper end of the vertical travel of the lifting platform and of the balance weight, the upper buffers being unnecessary where the lift runs no risk of over-travelling at the top. With the lift at the lowest level the safety distance to the buffer shall be not less than 100 mm, and with the lift at the highest level the top safety clearance should be not less than 300 mm. The sound pressure level of the system shall not exceed 70 dB(A).

5.7 Where a zinc coating is used, hot-dip zinc coated surfaces follow GB/T 13912 and electroplated zinc coated surfaces follow GB/T 9799. Where a paint coating is used, the coated surface shall be even, fine, glossy, complete and uniform in colour, and free of roughness, missing paint, wrong paint, wrinkles, pinholes, blisters, peeling, cracks, foreign matter and sagging, and of any other defect that lowers protection and appearance. The adhesion of the paint film shall meet the quality requirement of level 2 of GB/T 9286-2021.

6 Test methods

6.1 The test environment shall meet the service environment conditions of the system, the wind speed shall not exceed 8.3 m/s for systems that are not enclosed, and the foundation shall meet the standard and the design. Weights may replace the car load in the tests; they are placed at the positions where the front and rear wheels of a car stand, with a front to rear wheel load ratio of 6 to 4, or as the design requires for systems with a special axle load requirement.

6.2 Visual inspection is carried out by looking, listening, touching, smelling, tapping and measuring with ordinary measuring tools. It covers the specification and the state of all the important parts: the electrical equipment, safety protection devices, automatic doors, fencing, safety signs and nameplates; the metal structure and its connecting parts, the horizontal circulating mechanism and the pallets, the moving mechanisms, the wire ropes, chains and their fixings; whether the hydraulic system leaks oil; and whether means against dripping oil and water are provided at the parking spaces. Apart from covers that normal inspection requires to be opened, such as the cover of a limit switch, other parts are not to be dismantled.

6.3 For storing, the time is measured from the moment a store command is given, while the car is taken from the entry and exit opening to the least favourable position in the system, until the system can accept the next store command; the measurement is made three times with a stopwatch and averaged to give the maximum entry time. For retrieval the time is measured from the moment a retrieve command is given, while the car is brought from the least favourable position to the entry and exit opening, until the system can accept the next retrieve command; again three measurements are averaged. The times exclude the auxiliary time outside the movement of the machine, such as the time the driver needs to drive into the transfer zone, park accurately and leave, or to enter the transfer zone and drive the car out.

6.4 In the no-load test every parking space completes a simulated store and retrieve movement, and during the test it is checked whether the system runs normally, brakes reliably and is free of abnormal noise.

6.5 The rated load test follows a successful no-load test. One drive unit is chosen at will on each level, the position of the car wheels is simulated on the pallet, the rated load is placed as 6.1.2 requires, and the chosen space completes one cycle of storing and one of retrieval. It is then checked whether the mechanisms run normally and brake reliably, whether any member of a mechanism or of the structure is damaged and whether any connection is loose or damaged.

6.6 In the static load test of the steel structure, the position of the car wheels is simulated on every parking space and 1.1 times the rated load is placed on all of them at the same time as 6.1.2 requires, for not less than 30 min; afterwards the main load-bearing members are examined by eye for cracks and permanent deformation and for coatings that have peeled off, and the connections for looseness and damage. In the static load test of the hoisting mechanism, the position of the car wheels is simulated on the pallet, 1.1 times the rated load is placed there as 6.1.2 requires, the load is raised to hang 100 mm to 200 mm above the floor, and it is then increased without shock to 1.25 times the rated load and held hanging for not less than 10 min; afterwards the parts are examined by eye for permanent deformation, and where deformation is found the test is repeated, three times in all at most, after which no further permanent deformation shall appear. Where the hoisting mechanisms are of the same configuration, one of them is tested; where they differ, each is tested separately.

6.7 In the dynamic load test one drive unit is chosen at will, the position of the car wheels is simulated on the pallet, 1.1 times the rated load is placed as 6.1.2 requires, and the chosen space completes one cycle of storing and one of retrieval. During the test it is checked whether the mechanisms run normally and brake reliably; afterwards the members of the mechanisms and of the structure are examined by eye for damage and the connections for looseness and damage.

6.8 For the hoisting speed a travel of not less than 20% of the distance covered in 1 min at the nominal hoisting speed is chosen, keeping clear of the acceleration just after starting and the deceleration before stopping; the time taken over that distance is measured, the speed is calculated, and three measurements are averaged. Where the measuring distance is limited, a travel of not less than 8% of the distance covered in 1 min at the nominal speed may be chosen instead, with five measurements averaged. The lowering speed is measured in the same way, on the corresponding fractions of the distance covered in 1 min at the nominal lowering speed.

6.9 The rated travelling speed is measured at rated voltage, rated frequency and rated load. A fixed distance is chosen along the travel, keeping clear of the acceleration after starting and the deceleration before stopping, the time taken is measured and the speed calculated; three measurements are averaged.

6.10 One phase conductor of the supply is disconnected and the system is switched on to see whether it still starts normally; two phase conductors of the supply are then interchanged and the system is switched on again to see whether it still starts normally.

6.11 The resistance between the earthing point of the system and the external earthing point is measured with an earth resistance tester, three times, and the largest value is taken.

6.12 With the supply disconnected, DC 500 V is applied between the conductors of the power circuit and the protective earthing circuit and the insulation resistance is read with a 500 V insulation resistance tester; three measurements are made and the smallest value is taken.

6.13 For levelling accuracy the lifting platform is raised at the rated speed to a level chosen at will and the same position is used each time; the difference in the vertical direction between the actual stopping position and the theoretical one is measured with a set square or similar instrument, three times, and the largest value is taken.

6.14 The safety protection devices are tried one by one. The emergency stop switch shall stop the system at once and allow normal running to be resumed after it is released. Failure of a hoisting limit switch is simulated to check the device against over-travel. A car whose outside dimensions exceed the limits, including a raised boot lid, is simulated entering the system, and a running command is given, to check the length, width and height limiting device. The vertical distance from the parking surface to the top face of the wheel stop is measured with a steel rule. A car standing in the wrong position on the lift or the pallet is simulated and a running command is given to check the car position detecting device. The interlocking of the entry and exit door, or gate, is checked by opening the door while the system runs empty in the automatic mode and by giving a running command with the door open. The anti-trapping device of the automatic door is checked by putting an obstacle in the path of the closing door. The anti-falling device, the warning device and the choice and installation of the buffers are checked by eye, the warning device over the whole running cycle. The levelling and positioning device is checked during transfer, together with the smoothness of the horizontal movement of a loaded pallet. A person who has not left the system is simulated and a running command is given to check the device that limits operation. Control interlocking is checked by giving a store or retrieve command at a second control point while the system is being operated from the first. The interlocking of the lift with the horizontal circulating mechanism is checked by simulating a lifting platform that is not in the correct position and giving a running command.

6.15 Noise is measured with the system at rated load and rated speed and the automatic doors closed, while it hoists and travels horizontally, with a sound level meter read on the A weighting at 1 m outside the entry and exit opening and 1.2 m above the floor, peak pulses excluded. The difference between the total noise and the background noise shall be not less than 3 dB(A), and the actual noise of the system is the total noise less the background noise correction of Table 3. Three measurements are averaged. Table 3, in decibels, gives that correction as a function of the difference between the total noise and the background noise; the two columns of the extracted table could not be paired with certainty and the values are therefore not reproduced here.

6.16 The adhesion of the paint film is determined by the method of GB/T 9286.

7 Inspection rules

7.1 Inspection is divided into delivery inspection and type inspection.

7.2 Every system undergoes delivery inspection and may leave the works only after passing it. The items of delivery inspection are given in Table 4.

7.3 Type inspection is carried out in any of the following cases: trial production and design approval of a new product or of an old product transferred to another works; a considerable change of structure, material or process after the product has gone into regular production, such as could affect the performance of the system; resumption of production after it has been stopped for two years or more; a marked difference between the result of delivery inspection and that of the previous type inspection; a request for type inspection from an interested party. The items of type inspection are given in Table 4.

Table 4 lists the inspection items by serial number, with the name of each item, whether it is required at delivery inspection and at type inspection, the clause holding the requirement and the clause holding the test method, a tick standing for an item that is inspected and a dash for one that is not. The extracted table interleaves the item names of the two rail groups with their sub-items and its tick and dash columns could not be matched to the rows with certainty, so the item-by-item assignment is not reproduced here.

8 Marking, packaging, transport and storage

8.1 A clear warning sign giving the parking specification and a clear notice on entering the system with a vehicle shall be placed in a conspicuous position at the entry and exit opening. The parking specification sign shall carry at least the basic parameters, including the dimensions and mass of the cars accepted, and the name of the manufacturer with its works mark or trademark where there is one. The notice on entering with a vehicle shall carry at least the warning wording and the pictorials, where there are any, and the name of the manufacturer. A clear and permanent nameplate conforming to GB/T 13306 shall be fixed in a conspicuous position on the system, carrying at least the model and name of the product, the basic parameters including the dimensions and mass of the cars accepted, the works serial number and the date of manufacture, and the name and address of the manufacturer with its works mark or trademark where there is one.

8.2 Packaging follows GB/T 13384. Every system leaves the works with at least a packing list, a certificate of product quality, an instruction manual for use and maintenance, a general drawing of the product and the electrical schematic, and a list of wearing parts.

8.3 Transport follows the relevant rail, road and shipping requirements. The parts of the system are kept in a dry, clean and ventilated place; the control panel is kept where the relative humidity meets 5.1.2 and the surrounding temperature is -5 °C to 40 °C, and away from corrosive substances. Metal structural members, mechanisms and components are kept in a dry environment with suitable measures against distortion.

A Relationship to the previous edition

The document replaces GB/T 27545-2011. Besides changes of structure and editorial changes, the main technical changes listed in the foreword are the addition of the term horizontal circulating mechanical parking system with its definition, changes to the types of the system, to the way the model is written and to the marking example, changes to the service environment requirements and to design and configuration, a change to the maximum single-car entry (exit) time and the storage capacity, the addition of requirements for the performance of the complete system, changes to the mechanical property requirement for the material of the main load-bearing members, to the weld and bolted joint requirements, to the specified de-rusting grade, to the brake requirements and to the electrical design requirements, the deletion of the horizontal circulating mechanism and the lift from the list of components, the addition of a requirement for the connecting parts of the metal structure, a change to the height difference and straightness of the two running rails at one cross-section, the deletion of the requirements on running, the addition of requirements for safety signs and hazard pictorials, the addition of a safety requirement for exchanging cars by traversing the pallet, a change to surface coating, the deletion of the overload running test, changes to the test conditions and to the visual inspection method, changes to the measurement of the maximum single-car entry (exit) time, to the no-load test, to the rated load test and to the dynamic load test, the addition of the static load test, of the hoisting and lowering speeds and of the rated travelling speed, the deletion of the braking system function of the drive mechanism, a change to phase-loss and phase-reversal protection, the addition of methods for measuring earthing resistance, insulation resistance and levelling accuracy, a change to the interlocking of the lift with the horizontal circulating mechanism, a change to the inspection items of Table 4, and changes to marking, packaging, transport and storage.