GB/T 24601-2024Tilt and turn hardware system for building windows (English PDF)

1 Scope

The document lays down the classification, designation and marking, the requirements, the test methods, the inspection rules and the marking, packaging, transport and storage of tilt and turn hardware systems for building windows.

It applies to tilt and turn hardware systems for building windows, called hardware systems in the text.

2 Normative references

Dated references apply only in the edition bearing that date; undated references apply in their latest edition, including all amendment sheets.

The documents cited are GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection; GB/T 5823 Terminology of building doors and windows; GB/T 14436 General principles for guarantee documents of industrial products; GB/T 29048-2012 Test method for the operating force of windows; GB/T 31433 General specification for building curtain walls, doors and windows; and GB/T 32223 Hardware for building doors and windows - General requirements.

3 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions of GB/T 5823 and GB/T 32223 apply, together with the three that follow.

3.1 tilt and turn hardware system - a hardware system installed on a window which, through operation of the handle, gives the window inward opening, bottom-hung tilting and locking functions. Note: the basic configuration of the hardware system is shown in Annex A.

3.2 anti-mishandling device - a device that prevents the sash from being switched directly to the tilt or turn position while it is already in the turn or tilt position.

3.3 scissor stay - a device connecting the upper hinge of the window to the sash, which restrains and limits the sash while it is in the bottom-hung tilt position.

4 Classification, designation and marking

4.1.1 By window installation position there are two classes: hardware systems for ordinary windows, designation C, and hardware systems for floor-height windows, designation L.

4.1.2 By opening sequence there are two classes: tilt and turn hardware systems, that is lock, turn, tilt, designation PX; and turn and tilt hardware systems, that is lock, tilt, turn, designation XP.

4.1.3 By the mounting form of the hinge there are two classes: hardware systems with surface-mounted hinges, designation MZ, and hardware systems with concealed hinges, designation YC.

4.1.4 Repeated opening and closing durability is divided into three grades, designated I, II and III.

4.1.5 The load class is expressed as an integer multiple of 10 kg.

4.1.6 The number of locking points is marked as the actual number.

4.2 The marking of a hardware system consists of the system name, the standard number, the window installation position designation, the opening sequence designation, the mounting form designation, the repeated opening and closing durability grade designation, the load class and the number of locking points, in that order. Example 1: a tilt and turn hardware system for an ordinary window with concealed hinges, durability grade II, load class 60 kg and 3 locking points is marked GB/T 24601 C-PX-YC-II-60-3. Example 2: a turn and tilt hardware system for a floor-height window with surface-mounted hinges, durability grade III, load class 90 kg and 4 locking points is marked GB/T 24601 L-XP-MZ-III-90-4.

5 General requirements

The material properties of the main load-bearing components conform to GB/T 32223.

6 Requirements

6.1 Appearance. The appearance of the exposed surfaces conforms to GB/T 32223.

6.2.1 Static load on the upper hinge. For ordinary windows the tensile load on the upper hinge follows Table 1, which pairs sash mass in kg with tensile force in N: 60 / 1 650, 70 / 1 900, 80 / 2 200, 90 / 2 450, 100 / 2 700, 110 / 3 000, 120 / 3 250, 130 / 3 500, 140 / 3 900, 150 / 4 200, 160 / 4 400, 170 / 4 700, 180 / 5 000, 190 / 5 300, 200 / 5 500. For floor-height windows the tensile load follows Table 2: 60 / 600, 70 / 700, 80 / 800, 90 / 900, 100 / 1 000, 110 / 1 100, 120 / 1 150, 130 / 1 250, 140 / 1 350, 150 / 1 450, 160 / 1 550, 170 / 1 650, 180 / 1 750, 190 / 1 850, 200 / 1 950. After the test the specimen is not to be fractured. For sash masses not listed in Tables 1 and 2 the tensile force is calculated by formula (1), using the test simulation window sizes and masses of Annex B and rounding to a whole number; the specimen is not to be fractured after the test. The symbols of formula (1) are F, the tensile force in newtons (N); m, the sash mass in kilograms (kg); W, the sash width of the test simulation window in millimetres (mm); and H, the sash height of the test simulation window in millimetres (mm).

6.2.2 Static load on the lower hinge. For ordinary windows with surface-mounted lower hinges the compressive load follows Table 3, pairing sash mass in kg with force in N: 60 / 3 400, 70 / 4 000, 80 / 4 550, 90 / 5 100, 100 / 5 700, 110 / 6 250, 120 / 6 800, 130 / 7 400, 140 / 8 000, 150 / 8 550, 160 / 9 150, 170 / 9 700, 180 / 10 300, 190 / 10 850, 200 / 11 450. For floor-height windows with surface-mounted lower hinges the compressive load follows Table 4: 60 / 3 050, 70 / 3 550, 80 / 4 000, 90 / 4 600, 100 / 5 100, 110 / 5 600, 120 / 6 100, 130 / 6 500, 140 / 7 150, 150 / 7 650, 160 / 8 150, 170 / 8 650, 180 / 9 150, 190 / 9 700, 200 / 10 200. For ordinary windows with concealed lower hinges Table 5 gives 60 / 1 700, 70 / 2 000, 80 / 2 275, 90 / 2 550, 100 / 2 850, 110 / 3 125, 120 / 3 400, 130 / 3 700. For floor-height windows with concealed lower hinges Table 6 gives 60 / 1 525, 70 / 1 775, 80 / 2 000, 90 / 2 300, 100 / 2 550, 110 / 2 800, 120 / 3 050, 130 / 3 250. After each test the specimen is not to be fractured. Masses not listed are covered by formula (2) for surface-mounted hinges and formula (3) for concealed hinges, again using the Annex B simulation window and rounding to a whole number. In both formulas F is the compressive force in newtons (N), m the sash mass in kilograms (kg), W the sash width of the test simulation window in millimetres (mm) and H the sash height of the test simulation window in millimetres (mm).

6.2.3 Resistance to damage. After a torque of 25 N.m the handle and the espagnolette are not to suffer material failure. After a static tensile force of 1 800 N applied to a locking point and keeper, the components are not to fracture. The tolerance printed with the tensile figure in 6.2.3.2 was destroyed by the extractor and is not reported.

6.2.4 Operating force. In the turn position the operating force comprises the sash operating force and the locking device operating force, and its grading follows GB/T 31433. In the tilt position the closing force, that is the push-in force, follows Table 7: for ordinary windows with a sash mass of 60 kg to 130 kg not more than 180 N; for ordinary windows with a sash mass of 130 kg or more not more than 230 N; for floor-height windows with a sash mass of 60 kg or more not more than 150 N.

6.2.5 Repeated opening and closing durability. Table 8 grades durability in units of ten thousand cycles: for hardware systems with surface-mounted hinges, grade I 1, grade II 1.5 and grade III 2; for hardware systems with concealed hinges, grade I is not applicable, grade II 1 and grade III 1.5. After the cycles all operating functions are to remain sound and, in addition, the torque needed at the handle or operating device is not to exceed 10 N.m, the change in the gap measured perpendicular to the sash plane is to be less than 1 mm, and the force needed to push the sash into the frame when closing from the turn position is not to exceed 100 N.

6.2.6 Impact performance. After five repetitions of the sash impact test carried out with a falling weight, the force needed to push the sash into the frame when closing from the turn position is not to exceed 120 N.

6.2.7 Load on the free end. After the free-end loading test the sash is not to come off and the hinges are to remain connected to the frame and the sash.

6.2.8 Opening impact performance. After three repetitions of the test in which the sash strikes the reveal under a falling weight, the sash is not to come off and the hinges are to remain connected to the frame and the sash.

6.2.9 Closing impact performance. After three repetitions of the test in which the sash strikes an obstacle under a falling weight, the sash is not to come off and the hinges are to remain connected to the frame and the sash.

6.2.10 Coating thickness and adhesion. The thickness and adhesion of the usual coatings conform to GB/T 32223.

6.2.11 Corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of the various substrates and usual surface coatings conforms to GB/T 32223.

7 Test methods

7.1 Test sequence and specimen preparation. The number of specimens and the test sequence follow Table 9; the test simulation window and the test rig follow Annex B. Table 9 sets four steps: first the static load tests on the upper and lower hinges of 6.2.1 and 6.2.2, on 3 upper hinges and 3 lower hinges; second the resistance to damage of 6.2.3, on 1 handle and 1 espagnolette; third, in the order operating force, durability, impact, free-end load, opening impact and closing impact, on 1 hardware system mounted on the test simulation window; fourth the coating thickness, adhesion and corrosion resistance, on 1 set.

7.2 Appearance is examined as laid down in GB/T 32223.

7.3.1 Static load on the upper hinge. Three upper hinges are taken and the tensile force is applied on the rig of Figure 1 in the direction shown, with a permitted deviation of +2 %, and the specimens are examined for fracture. Figure 1 is keyed 1 hole in the scissor stay, 2 assembly of upper hinge and scissor stay, 3 steel member, F tensile force.

7.3.2 Static load on the lower hinge. Three surface-mounted lower hinges are loaded in compression on the rig of Figure 2 a) and three concealed lower hinges on the rig of Figure 2 b), in the direction shown and with a permitted deviation of +2 %. The test angle alpha is 11 degrees for lower hinges for floor-height windows and 30 degrees for lower hinges for ordinary windows. The specimens are examined for fracture. Figure 2 is keyed 1 steel member, 2 lower hinge, F compressive force, alpha test angle.

7.3.3 Resistance to damage. For torsional strength the handle and espagnolette are mounted on a rig simulating actual use, the handle is set at 90 degrees and any anti-mishandling device is disabled; the locking point of the espagnolette nearest the handle is fixed and a torque is applied at the handle in the locking direction and held, after which all parts are examined for damage on unloading. For locking component strength a set of locking point and keeper is mounted on a rig simulating actual use in the normal locked position, a static tensile force is applied in the direction of Figure 3 and held, and the locking point and keeper are examined for damage on unloading. The numeric tolerances and holding times printed in 7.3.3.1 and 7.3.3.2 were destroyed by the extractor and are not reported.

7.3.4 Operating force. A force gauge with a range of not more than 500 N and an accuracy of at least 2 % is used, together with a torque measuring device of at least 4 % accuracy. The turn-position operating force test follows GB/T 29048-2012 and is carried out on the test simulation window. For the tilt-position push-in force, if a tilt stay is fitted the sash is set at its widest opening clear of the stay position, and where that opening exceeds 150 mm the sash is opened to 150 mm; the push-in force F is then applied at the position of Figure 4 and read, the measurement being repeated 3 times and the arithmetic mean of the three taken. Figure 4 is keyed 1 sash, 2 frame, H distance from the loading point on the handle side to the top and bottom edges of the sash, L tilt opening distance, F push-in force.

7.3.5 Repeated opening and closing durability. A force gauge of not more than 500 N range and at least 2 % accuracy, a torque device of at least 4 % accuracy and a vernier caliper reading to at least 0.02 mm are used. The test simulation sash mounted on the rig is cycled in the sequence turn (tilt), close, lock, tilt (turn), close, lock at an operating frequency of 90 cycles/h +/- 5 cycles/h, simulating actual use, with a pause of at least 1 s between the different motions of handle rotation and sash opening and closing. Before the test the initial frame-to-sash gap at any one locking point is measured. On tilting, the applied force is released 5 mm before the final tilt position so that the sash springs back into the tilt position. On turning, the sash opens to 90 degrees +/- 5 degrees. On closing, the sash closes to the normal state, that is with the vertical frame-to-sash gap on the handle side and on the hinge side equal within +/- 1 mm. At intervals of not more than 5 000 cycles the hardware system is adjusted according to the product instructions and the parts needing lubrication are lubricated. After the test the handle torque and the turn-position push-in force are measured by the method of 7.3.4, and the frame-to-sash gap is measured and the change perpendicular to the sash plane calculated.

7.3.6 Impact performance. A force gauge of not more than 500 N range and at least 2 % accuracy is used. Before the test, where a stay is fitted it is set to its working state and any adjustable locking force is set to the minimum. The test simulation sash is opened to its widest position and connected at the handle mounting position to a weight of 10 kg +/- 0.05 kg by a steel wire rope, the weight having at least 300 mm of upward travel. The sash is closed slowly until the bottom of the weight is 200 mm +/- 10 mm above the test datum plane, which is the starting position. The sash is then released suddenly so that the falling weight accelerates it open; when the sash is 20 mm +/- 2 mm from the test datum plane the weight is stopped and the sash is allowed to swing to rest. The test is repeated 5 times. If the opening angle of the sash changes during the test, the opening angle before the first test remains the basis for setting the 200 mm position in the later repetitions. After the test the turn-position push-in force is measured by the method of 7.3.4.

7.3.7 Load on the free end. The sash is opened to 90 degrees +/- 5 degrees and a downward force of 1 000 N +/- 10 N is applied on the centre line near the outer edge of the free end of the sash and held for 5 min. After unloading, the connection of sash and hinges is examined. The distance from the free edge at which the load is applied is printed with a tolerance that the extractor destroyed and is not reported.

7.3.8 Opening impact performance. With no stay fitted, the test simulation sash is opened against a rigid simulated wall and connected at the handle mounting position to a weight of 10 kg +/- 0.05 kg, the weight having at least 500 mm of upward travel. The sash is closed slowly until the bottom of the weight is 450 mm +/- 10 mm above the test datum plane, then released suddenly; when the sash is 20 mm +/- 2 mm from the datum plane the weight is stopped and the sash is allowed to swing to rest. The test is repeated 3 times, after which the connection of sash and hinges is examined.

7.3.9 Closing impact performance. With the stay released, the test simulation sash is closed against a rigid obstacle and connected at the handle mounting position to a weight of 10 kg +/- 0.05 kg, the weight having at least 300 mm of upward travel. The sash is opened slowly until the bottom of the weight is 200 mm +/- 10 mm above the test datum plane, then released suddenly so that the falling weight accelerates the sash closed; when the sash is 20 mm +/- 2 mm from the datum plane the weight is stopped and the sash is allowed to swing to rest. The test is repeated 3 times, after which the connection of sash and hinges is examined.

7.3.10 Coating thickness and adhesion are tested as laid down in GB/T 32223, and 7.3.11 corrosion resistance likewise.

8 Inspection rules

8.1 Product inspection is divided into factory inspection and type inspection. The inspection items are listed in Table 10.

8.2 Factory inspection. Lots are formed and sampled from the same production batch under GB/T 2828.1, using a normal single sampling plan at general inspection level II with an acceptance quality limit AQL of 4. If any one inspection item fails, the lot is judged non-conforming.

8.3 Type inspection is carried out on the following occasions: trial production type approval of a new product or of an existing product transferred to another plant; after regular production has started, when a significant change in structure, material or process may affect product performance; when production is resumed after being suspended for half a year; once every two years during normal production; and when the factory inspection result differs markedly from the previous type inspection. Lots are formed from the same batch, load class and size: below 3 000 sets, but not fewer than 500 sets, one group is drawn; from 3 000 to 10 000 sets, two groups; above 10 000 sets, three groups. Each group holds two hardware systems, three upper hinges and three lower hinges, and one handle and one espagnolette. If any one item fails to meet the document, a double sample is drawn again for inspection; if one item still fails, the product is judged non-conforming.

Table 10 lists thirteen inspection items with the clause of requirement and the clause of test method for each. Only appearance (6.1, 7.2) and coating thickness (6.2.10, 7.3.10) are subject to factory inspection; all thirteen items are subject to type inspection. The other eleven items are static load on the upper hinge, static load on the lower hinge, resistance to damage, operating force, repeated opening and closing durability, impact performance, load on the free end, opening impact performance, closing impact performance, adhesion and corrosion resistance. In the table a tick means the item is to be tested and a dash means it is not.

9 Marking, packaging, transport and storage

9.1 Marking. A permanent mark in a conspicuous place on the product states the manufacturer name or trademark and the model or marking. A mark in a conspicuous place on the packaging states the manufacturer name and trademark; the number of the standard the product complies with, the product name, model and marking, and the quantity or mass; and the production date and the inspection lot or serial number, in a form conforming to GB/T 14436. A certificate of conformity and an instruction sheet covering installation, use, care and maintenance are enclosed in the packing case.

9.2 Packaging, transport and storage. Non-corrosive packaging material is used and protects the product against damp and knocks. During transport the product is kept from rain and impact so that corrosion and deformation are avoided. Storage is indoors, ventilated and dry, and away from attack by corrosive media.

A Annex A (informative) Basic configuration of the tilt and turn hardware system for building windows

The basic configuration is shown in Figure A.1, keyed as follows: 1 handle; 2 espagnolette; 3 anti-mishandling device; 4 locking point and keeper; 5 scissor stay; 6 upper hinge; 7 lower hinge; 8 stay, that is the turn-position limiter; 9 window frame; 10 sash. A note states that equivalent forms of each part are permitted.

B Annex B (normative) Requirements for the test simulation window, the test rig and the test records

B.1 Test simulation window. Table B.1 gives the sizes and masses: for hardware systems for ordinary windows, sash mass 60 kg to 130 kg with an overall sash size of 1 300 mm x 1 200 mm, and sash mass above 130 kg with 1 550 mm x 1 400 mm; for hardware systems for floor-height windows, sash mass 60 kg or more with 900 mm x 2 300 mm. A note states that the mass of the test simulation window is stepped in 10 kg increments and that sizes and masses for special window types are agreed separately between the parties concerned.

B.2 Test rig. The test simulation window is mounted firmly on the rig, and the rig has stiffness and stability enough for the test. The rigid simulated wall used in the opening impact test is of steel not less than 8 mm thick, its mounting position and size being shown in Figure B.1. The closing impact test rig, the obstacle size and its mounting position are shown in Figure B.2. During the tilt movement of the durability test, where the speed of the rig can be adjusted, the speed is preferably reduced before the sash comes within 5 mm of the final tilt position; the printed speed value carries a tolerance the extractor destroyed and is not reported. Where the speed cannot be adjusted, the actual speed the rig allows is used.

B.3 Mounting the test simulation window. The window is made to B.1 by the party requesting the test, or by the party under test, and supplied to the testing body; the hardware system under test is fitted to it as designed. A reaction force is applied at each locking point, or a sealing gasket is fitted instead of the reaction force at each locking point, with equivalence verified; the printed reaction force values carry tolerances the extractor destroyed and are not reported. The handle sits at the mid-height of the profile at the free end of the sash. Board not less than 19 mm thick replaces the glass in the test simulation window and is fitted in the same way as glass would be. To reach the test mass, that is the load-bearing mass, added ballast is fixed to the inner and outer faces of the board with the centre of gravity kept at the geometric centre of the sash, the permitted error on the test mass being +1 %. To avoid ill effects during the test, the frame and sash are strong enough for the test and may be reinforced with a sub-frame where needed.

B.4 Test records and test report. Besides the test results for the items laid down in the text of the standard, the test record and the test report state the classification information of Clause 4, namely window installation position, opening sequence, mounting form, repeated opening and closing durability grade, load class and number of locking points, together with the size of the test simulation window.