GB/T 24554-2022Performance test methods for fuel cell system (English PDF)

5.1 Requirements for fuel cell engine

Fuel cell engines shall meet the following requirements. […]

5.3 Requirements for test platform and hydrogen used

During the test, the test platform and the hydrogen used shall meet the following requirements. […]

5.4 Regulations on fuel cell engine control methods during the test

During the test, the corresponding command for starting, loading, de-loading, and closing-down of the fuel cell engine shall be sent or received by the test platform in accordance with the communication protocol provided by the manufacturer.

5.5 Requirements for auxiliary system power

The auxiliary system power includes the power consumed by air compressors, cooling pumps, hydrogen circulation pumps, controllers and other components; the power of the radiator fan is not included in the auxiliary system power.

5.6 Requirements for test data collection, calculation and power loading error

During the test, the data collection frequency and loading error shall meet the following requirements.

7.1 Normal temperature immersion method

Before immersing the machine, the process of switching on and off the fuel cell engine shall be completed once, and the fuel cell engine shall be turned off. Let the fuel cell engine (coolant filling completed) stand still at room temperature (23.0 °C ± 5.0 °C), and the immersion time shall not be less than 12 h. During immersion, no changes shall be made to the fuel cell engine.

7.2 Low temperature (below 0 °C) immersion method

In the low temperature cold start test of the fuel cell engine, the radiator or heat exchanger used for the fuel cell engine shall be placed in the environmental chamber.

During the immersion process, before reaching the set temperature, after the environmental chamber drops to the temperature specified by the manufacturer and lasts for a certain period of time (determined by the manufacturer according to product technical requirements), a switch operation may be performed, during which the fuel cell engine shall be started to idle speed state (or the lowest power point of the fuel cell engine), for a duration (including starting) not exceeding 3 min;

7.3 High temperature immersion method

Before immersion, the process of switching on and off the fuel cell engine shall be completed once, and the fuel cell engine shall be turned off.

In the high temperature operation test of the fuel cell engine, the radiator or heat exchanger used for the fuel cell engine shall be placed in the environmental chamber.

Set the temperature of the environmental chamber to 45.0 °C and the relative humidity to 40% ~ 90%. When the ambient temperature reaches the set temperature, start timing, and the effective immersion time shall not be less than 2 hours.

7.4 Warming-up method

According to the manufacturer's use regulations, make the fuel cell engine system work at a certain power, while monitoring the outlet temperature of the coolant of the fuel cell engine. When the outlet temperature of the coolant of the fuel cell engine reaches the normal operating temperature (the temperature is specified by the manufacturer), the fuel cell engine is considered to be in a hot state.

8.1 Start characteristic test

8.1.1 Normal temperature start characteristic test

8.1.1.1 Normal temperature idle speed cold start characteristic test

8.1.1.2 Normal temperature idle speed hot start test

8.1.1.2.1 Test conditions

Before the test, warm up the fuel cell engine according to the method specified in 7.4, so that the fuel cell engine is in a warm-up state. The test process shall be carried out automatically without manual intervention.

8.1.1.2.2 Test procedure

Test according to the following procedure.

8.1.1.2.3 Data measured and recorded during the test

Data measured in the test. hot starting time, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) voltage, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) current, etc.

8.1.1.3 Normal temperature rated power cold start test

8.1.1.3.1 Test conditions

Before the test, place the fuel cell engine at normal temperature, and carry out the immersion treatment according to the immersion method in 7.1, so that the fuel cell engine is in a cold state. The test process shall be carried out automatically without manual intervention.

8.1.1.4 Normal temperature rated power hot start test

8.1.1.4.1 Test conditions

Before the test, warm up the fuel cell engine according to the method specified in 7.4, so that the fuel cell engine is in a warm-up state. The test process shall be carried out automatically without manual intervention.

8.1.1.4.2 Test procedure

Test according to the following procedure.

8.1.1.4.3 Data measured and recorded during the test

Data measured in the test. hot starting time, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) voltage, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) current.

8.1.2 Low temperature cold start characteristic test

8.1.2.1 Low temperature idle speed cold start test

8.1.2.2 Low temperature rated power cold start test

8.1.2.2.3 Data measured and recorded during the test

Data measured in the test. starting time, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) voltage, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) current, ambient temperature, coolant temperature, auxiliary system voltage, auxiliary system current, hydrogen consumption.

8.2 Rated power test

8.2.1 Test conditions

Before the test, set the fuel cell engine at a warm-up state. The test process shall be carried out automatically without manual intervention.

8.2.2 Test procedure

Test according to the following procedure.

8.2.3 Data measured and recorded during the test

Data measured in the test. fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) voltage, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) current, auxiliary system voltage, auxiliary system current, hydrogen consumption.

8.3 Peak power test

8.3.1 Test conditions

Before the test, set the fuel cell engine at the warm-up state. The test process shall be carried out automatically without manual intervention.

8.3.2 Test procedure

Test according to the following procedure.

8.3.3 Data measured and recorded during the test

Data measured in the test. peak power operation time, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) voltage, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) current, auxiliary system voltage, auxiliary system current, hydrogen consumption.

8.4 Dynamic response characteristic test

8.4.1 Test conditions

Before the test, set the fuel cell engine to a warm-up state. The test process shall be carried out automatically without manual intervention.

8.4.2 Test procedure

8.4.2.1 Loading dynamic response test

Test according to the following procedure.

8.4.2.2 Unloading dynamic response test

Test according to the following procedure.

Note: The idle state (or the lowest power point of the fuel cell engine) is used as the cut-off point of the dynamic step, and the response time of this step is used as an indicator for evaluating the unloading dynamic response of the fuel cell engine.

8.4.3 Data measured and recorded during the test

Data measured in the test. dynamic step response time, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) voltage, fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine) current, auxiliary system voltage, auxiliary system current, hydrogen consumption.

8.5 Steady state characteristic test

8.5.1 Test conditions

Before the test, set the fuel cell engine to the warm-up state. The test process shall be carried out automatically without manual intervention, and the test data processing shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B.

8.5.2 Test procedure

Test according to the following procedure.

8.5.3 Data measured and recorded during the test

Data measured in the test. voltage of the fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine), current of the fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine), consumption of hydrogen, voltage and current of the auxiliary system.

From this, obtain the polarization characteristic curve (V-I curve) of the fuel cell stack, the power curve of the fuel cell stack, and the efficiency curve of the fuel cell stack; the power curve of the fuel cell engine, the efficiency curve of the fuel cell engine, and the power curve of the auxiliary system.

8.6 High temperature operation test

8.6.1 Test conditions

Before the test, place the fuel cell engine in the environmental chamber; set the temperature of the environmental chamber to 45.0 °C; carry out the immersion treatment according to the immersion method in 7.3. The test process shall be carried out automatically without manual intervention.

8.6.2 Test procedure

Test according to the following procedure.

8.6.3 Data measured and recorded during the test

Data measured in the test. voltage and current of the fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine), consumption of hydrogen, voltage and current of the auxiliary system.

8.7 Dynamic average efficiency characteristic test

Perform the test according to the test method specified in 5.2.2 of GB/T 34593-2017; collect the voltage, current, hydrogen flow and other parameters of the fuel cell stack (or fuel cell engine); conduct the test three times; take the average value of the three tests as the result. The test data processing method shall be processed according to Appendix C.

8.8 Fuel cell engine air tightness test

8.8.1 Test conditions

Put the fuel cell engine at the ambient temperature without adding coolant; let it stand for not less than 12 h, so that the fuel cell engine is in a cold state; conduct the test according to the steps in 8.8.2.

8.8.2 Test procedure

8.9 Insulation resistance test

While the coolant is in a hot state, use a megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance values of the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell engine to the conductive or metal grounding points on the outer surface of the fuel cell engine, respectively. Refer to Table 2 to select the megohmmeter range. When measuring, the megohmmeter pointer or display value shall be stable before reading.

If the working voltage of fuel cell engine auxiliary system components operates at level- B voltage (the voltage level shall be in accordance with GB 18384), its insulation resistance shall be measured separately. If it contains a high-voltage contactor inside, the contactor must be in a closed state when testing the insulation resistance. Use a megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance of the positive and negative poles to the outer shell. Refer to Table 2 to select the megohmmeter range. When measuring, the megohmmeter pointer or display value shall be stable before reading. […]