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GB/T 16148-2026Method of estimation for the intake and internal dose of radionuclides (English PDF)

放射性核素摄入量及内照射剂量估算方法

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Issued by

SAMR; SAC

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

May 25, 2026

Implementation date

December 1, 2026

Scope

GB/T 16148-2026 is the English-translated version of 放射性核素摄入量及内照射剂量估算方法.

GB/T 16148-2026 is the Chinese national standard covering how much of a radionuclide a person took in and what dose it delivered - worked backwards from bioassay or whole-body counting through the biokinetic models, which is the only way an internal exposure can be assessed at all. At 22,000 words it is the reference for occupational internal dosimetry in China. It replaces GB/T 16148-2009 and takes effect on 1 December 2026. It was issued on 25 May 2026 and takes effect on 1 December 2026, replacing GB/T 16148-2009. The document is under the responsibility of the National Health Commission. This page is published from the official record of the 2026 edition; the clause text of a standard this recent is not yet in circulation, and the figures, limits and tables it contains are those of the document itself, delivered in full with the English translation.

Document preview — GB/T 16148-2026

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 13.100
Classification: C 57
Replacing: GB/T 16148-2009

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC

2 Normative references
4 Ingestion routes and patterns
5 Estimation of Radionuclide Intake
5.2 Occupational exposure
5.3 Public Exposure
6 Internal radiation dose estimation and methods

2 Normative references

This document has no normative references.

4 Ingestion routes and patterns

4.1 Models of the intake, transfer and excretion pathways of radionuclides are shown in Appendix A, A.1.

4.2 The description of the human respiratory tract model is shown in A.2.

4.3 The description of the human digestive tract model is shown in A.3.

4.4 Description of wound and intact skin intake is given in A.4.

5 Estimation of Radionuclide Intake

5.1 General Methods The results of direct measurements of radionuclides in the whole body, organs, or tissues should be used, while indirect measurements of radionuclides in biological samples should be used. The measurement results of radionuclides or the measurement results of radionuclides in environmental samples, combined with the route of intake, time of intake, and radioactive nuclide content. The radiation properties and biodynamic behavior of elements (a series of complex biological behaviors from the entry of a substance into the body to its excretion, generally described by one or more elements) (A complex model is used to represent this) to estimate the intake of radionuclides.

5.2 Occupational exposure

5.2.1 For special monitoring and mission-related monitoring, the intake of a certain radionuclide in the body can be estimated using formula (1).

5.2.2 When estimating radionuclide intake in an inhalation mode using air sampling methods, if the measurement result is the cumulative radioactivity during the estimation period... When the result is the activity concentration of a nuclide in the air, it can be directly considered as the intake at that time. When the measurement result is the activity concentration of a nuclide in the air, it can be calculated using formula (2).

5.2.3 When estimating the intake of a certain radionuclide in the body under continuous intake (e.g., routine monitoring), formula (3) can be used. calculate.

5.3 Public Exposure

5.3.1 The estimation of individual radionuclide intake in the general public can generally refer to the method in 5.2.1.

5.3.2 When estimating radionuclide intake under individual inhalation patterns using air sampling methods, the method in

5.2.2 can be referred to, but special attention should be paid to... Choose an appropriate respiratory rate parameter based on age. The respiratory rate values recommended in ICRP Publication 66 can be used; for adults (over 17 years old)...

1.5 Bq·m^-3, for children under 1 year old, 1-2 years old (excluding 2 years old), 2-7 years old (excluding 7 years old), 7-12 years old (excluding 12 years old) and The recommended values for the 12-17 year age group are

0.19 Bq·m^-3,

0.35 Bq·m^-3,

0.57 Bq·m^-3,

1.12 Bq·m^-3, and [missing values].

5.3.3 When it is impossible to estimate according to the methods in

5.2.2 and there is indeed a route of ingestion, as a supplementary method, food and beverages may be used. The amount of water consumed, combined with the measurement results of radionuclides in these substances, is used to estimate the amount of radionuclides ingested by individuals in the public, using formula (4). calculate.

6 Internal radiation dose estimation and methods

6.1 The logic diagram for estimating radionuclide intake and internal radiation dose is shown in Appendix B.

6.2 Internal radiation dose estimation is generally calculated using formula (5).

6.3 The following methods can also be used to estimate the internal radiation dose of occupational exposure.

7.Uncertainties in estimating radionuclide intake and internal radiation dose Uncertainties in the estimation of radionuclide intake and internal irradiation are given in Appendix G.

......
This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 84 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Editions of GB/T 16148

Edition	Title	Revision	Status
GB/T 16148-2026	Method of estimation for the intake and internal dose of radionuclides	current edition	Current
GB/T 16148-2009	Method of estimation for the intake and internal dose of radionuclides	previous edition	In force until 1 December 2026

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