WS/T 636-2018Guidelines of medical emergency exercise for nuclear and radiation accidents (English PDF)

5.1 Desktop Walkthrough

5.1.1 Purpose of the exercise

Through the desktop exercise, the trainees will be familiar with the nuclear emergency response plan for nuclear and radiation accidents and related technical procedures.

Their respective roles, responsibilities, or procedures, and the lack of plans or procedures.

5.1.2 Walkthrough form

The desktop exercise should be based on a constructive discussion. The trainee's response to the simulated nuclear and radiation accident scenarios and accident progress letters the information and expected medical emergency response actions are discussed.

5.1.3 Participants

Participants should include drill command, training, control and evaluation personnel.

5.2 Single drill

5.2.1 Purpose of the exercise

Individual exercises are used to train various technical capabilities of nuclear and radiation medical emergency personnel.

5.2.2 Walkthrough form

A single exercise can be a separate exercise for a single skill or a combination of multiple skills. The individual exercises include the following aspects.

a) emergency personnel protection;

b) monitoring and evaluation of radiation sites;

c) personal dose testing and dose estimation;

d) food and drinking water testing and evaluation;

e) sample collection and processing;

f) on-site first aid treatment;

g) classification of casualties;

h) disposal of radionuclide contamination on the surface;

i) internal pollution disposal;

j) evacuation and medical supervision;

k) medical information transfer, medical treatment process (medical case) management;

l) medical treatment in the hospital;

m) emergency response command and coordination;

n) emergency team training;

o) communications and logistics support;

p) Public psychological assistance.

5.2.3 Participants

Participants include. drill command, control, training and simulation personnel.

5.3 Comprehensive exercise

5.3.1 Purpose of the exercise

The comprehensive exercise is to simulate the real accident and the actual environment in an all-round way, to test the overall nuclear and radiation medical emergency system, and to test and evaluate the medical response.

Urgent response.

5.3.2 Walkthrough form

The drill should be as realistic as possible and close to a form of training in actual combat. Taking information transmission, reporting, decision-making, and command as the main line, putting nuclear and radiation the various elements of the emergency response to medical accidents are organically combined.

5.3.3 Participants

Participants include. drill command, control, training, simulation and evaluation personnel.

5.4 Joint drill

5.4.1 Purpose of the exercise

Joint drills are emergency drills conducted within and between nuclear facilities and are a unique form of nuclear accident emergency drills.

5.4.2 Walkthrough form

It is mainly aimed at comprehensive nuclear and radiation emergency medical drills in the on- and off-site linkages of nuclear facilities. Should simulate the actual situation as much as possible, according to the medical emergency plan for nuclear accidents and off-site nuclear accidents and radiation accidents was carried out.

5.4.3 Participants

Participants include. drill command, control, training, simulation and evaluation personnel.

6.1 Drilling target design

6.1.1 Target distribution design

The target distribution design should be consistent with the expected nuclear and radiation accident medical emergency response actions, and the main expected medical emergency response actions are the goal should be set.

6.1.2 Target quantity design

The type of drill should be considered when designing the number of drill targets. Each time a desktop drill can design 2 to 3 goals, each time a single drill can be designed 2 ~ with 3 goals, a comprehensive drill can design 9 to 10 goals. When joint exercises, each organization should also develop its own drill objectives.

6.1.3 Target element design

The objectives of the exercise include the following aspects.

a) expected response actions;

b) the executor of the response action;

c) the implementation conditions for responding to actions;

d) Respond to the requirements of the standard that the action should meet.

6.1.4 Target design statement

After the goal of the drill is determined, it is necessary to accurately express the target, apply a simple and clear language, and clearly express the exercise performer.

Emergency response actions taken under conditions, the emergency response objectives to be achieved. At the same time, the target should be able to be qualitatively or quantitatively evaluated.

6.2 Walkthrough type design

6.2.1 Functional analysis

The design of the drill type should consider the functions of the emergency organization, conduct functional analysis, ensure the design of the drill content, drill type and emergency the functions of the organization are consistent.

6.2.2 Demand Analysis

The type design of the drill should be analyzed by the needs of the emergency organization, and the most needed drills should be prioritized.

6.2.3 Defect analysis

The drill type design should carry out the defect analysis of the emergency organization ability, and reasonably design the drill content and exercise type according to the analysis result.

6.3 Walkthrough scenario design

6.3.1 Simulated accident design

The drill needs to simulate real scenes, design virtual nuclear and radiation accidents, provide accident information, control the rhythm of the drill, and create an atmosphere.

Encourage the psychological response mechanism and awareness of participants.

a) The background of the exercise design should be nuclear and radiation accidents that have occurred, or nuclear and radiation accidents that may occur;

b) that the simulated nuclear and radiation accidents should be reasonable and that the personnel participating in the exercise will soon enter the role;

c) that simulated nuclear and radiation accidents should be able to guide the exercise to achieve its goals and objectives;

d) The occurrence and transformation of simulated nuclear and radiation accidents should be realistic or logical, and the time should be reasonable.

6.3.2 Main event design

The main event should be designed with the time and place of the accident, the characteristics and status of the accident, the scope of the accident, the consequences of the accident, and the injury.

The status of the staff, the evolution of the incident over time and the time node.

6.3.3 Secondary event design

The design of the secondary event should be triggered by the main event and closely related to the expected response action. The trigger point of the event should be able to lead the participants.

Members must respond to actions to achieve the goal of the drill.

6.3.4 Nuclear and radiation accident progress information

Scenario design should identify the progress information of the accident, indicating the source of the information, the method of delivery, the time node, the content of the information, and the acceptance of the information.

, expected medical emergency response actions.

6.4 Walkthrough Timing Design

6.4.1 Time course of nuclear and radiation accidents

Nuclear and radiation medical emergency response drills should be designed with a jump design when designing nuclear and radiation accident time processes.

Respond to the response.

6.4.2 Nuclear and radiation accident time nodes

The time node design for nuclear and radiation accidents should be consistent with the purpose and objectives of the exercise, so that the teams participating in the exercise can participate in the rational participation.

In response to the emergency rescue drill, avoid only some of the personnel responding.

6.4.3 Time required to achieve the goal

The average time to achieve a medical emergency response goal should be considered during the exercise timing design to ensure that the exercise can be completed within the planned time.

6.4.4 Time Jump Design

When the actual time of nuclear and radiation accidents is greater than the expected time of medical emergency response, time jump design should be carried out to ensure on-site medicine.

The rescue operation is orderly and compact.

6.5 Practice Expected Response Action Design

6.5.1 Actions of the drillers

The design of the exercise should be designed around the purpose and objectives of the exercise, including the exercise of the commander, the participation of the drill, and the simulation of the damage.

Personnel, monitoring personnel, logistics support personnel, etc. In addition to responding to actions, the design of the action should also consider reports, information transmission, and so on.

6.5.2 Summary of expected action information

The expected action information should include the following contents. drill target number, main event, secondary event, accident progress information, medicine Emergency response unit, medical emergency response personnel, expected actions.

6.6 Walkthrough Monitoring Design

6.6.1 Monitoring content

Monitoring content should include response time, expected response actions, key technical operations, reports, and more.

6.6.2 Monitoring points

The monitoring points should be set at the key points of the site where the drill objectives are achieved, and the medical emergency response actions expected by the participants can be accurately observed.

6.6.3 Monitoring intervention

During the exercise monitoring design, the expected response personnel should be considered to deviate from the target and the danger occurs. The corresponding monitoring intervention scenarios and measures should be designed.

Shi. Common interventions include reminders, warnings, and interruptions. It should be reminded when the expected response is off target, and should be given when a danger occurs Warnings, the occurrence of unsafe conditions should be interrupted.

7.1 Overall plan for the exercise

The overall plan of the exercise should include the purpose and objectives of the exercise, the type, scale and time of the exercise, the preparation of the exercise, and the participants and participants in the exercise.

Staff, drill logistics support, drill funding support, drill monitoring and drill evaluation.

7.2 Drilling work plan

The nuclear and radiation medicine emergency drill work plan should include the purpose of the exercise, the purpose of the exercise, the type of exercise, the exercise scenario, the exercise schedule, and the performance.

Practice preparation, drill implementation, drill monitoring, drill summary and evaluation.

7.3 Walkthrough Monitoring Program

The monitoring plan should include monitoring purposes, monitoring basis, monitoring standards, monitoring content, control personnel, monitoring point settings, monitoring interventions, Monitoring records and monitoring summary.

7.4 Exercise evaluation plan

The evaluation plan should include the purpose of the assessment, the basis for the assessment, the criteria for evaluation, the content of the assessment, the evaluator, the assessment record, and the assessment report.

7.5 Walkthrough script

Walkthrough scripts can be written as needed for the walkthrough. The drill script should be in tabular form or other normative form, the main content including serial number.

Time nodes, simulated incident scenarios, commands, reports, expected responders and response actions, background videos and subtitles, drill commentary and their His content is to maintain its dynamic record data for comprehensive exercises.

7.6 Logistics Support Plan

The logistics support plan includes logistics support units and personnel and their responsibilities, material and equipment support, facility support, instrument and equipment support, Site support, transportation security, power security, communication and information security, and other logistics support.

8.1 Staff preparation

8.1.1 Personnel selection

The units and personnel participating in the exercise shall be determined according to the drill work plan, and the drill, command, management, control, training, simulation and evaluation shall be clarified.

personnel.

8.1.2 Personnel training

All personnel participating in the drill should be trained. Nuclear and radiation medical emergency response plans and doctors should be conducted for the drill command and training personnel.

Training in emergency rescue skills and the use of personal protective equipment. Control personnel should perform job duties, exercise process control and management, etc.

Aspects of training. The simulator should be trained in basic basic knowledge, drill site rules, simulation skills and requirements. The assessor should Conduct training in job responsibilities and assessment methods.

8.2 Equipment preparation

The preparation of the exercise equipment should clearly prepare the units and personnel, the type, quantity and status of the equipment according to the emergency drill plan.

8.3 Site preparation

8.3.1 Site selection

Desktop drills are generally selected in conference rooms or emergency command centers; individual drills, comprehensive drills, and joint drills should be selected and actual.

Similar locations or real venues.

8.3.2 Site requirements

8.3.2.1 Desktop Walkthrough

The number and placement of conference tables is mainly determined by the number of participants and the scene. The tables can be separated to form separate groups, or Placed in a back type for the trainees to sit down and discuss.

8.3.2.2 Single drill

Site simulations should be based on the drilled project.

8.3.2.3 Comprehensive exercises and joint exercises

Designed for different characteristics of nuclear accidents and radiation accidents, external exposure, radionuclide contamination, types of injuries and injuries Site simulation and prop preparation.

8.4 Logistics support preparation

Prepare logistics support materials according to the drill logistics support plan, clarify the materials and articles preparation units and personnel, materials and item types and numbers the amount.

8.5 Traffic and communication preparation

Prepare transportation and communication equipment according to the drill logistics support plan, clarify transportation and communication equipment preparation units and personnel, traffic Type and quantity of tools and communication equipment.

9.1 Desktop Walkthrough

9.1.1 Introduction to the basic situation

The desktop exercise should first introduce the purpose and objectives of the exercise, the implementation steps of the exercise, the basic rules and procedures, and the time of the exercise.

9.1.2 Displaying simulated accidents

Often desktop exercises begin with a background showing simulated nuclear and radiation accidents, and can read background incidents, as well as video or slide shows.

9.1.3 Displaying accident progress information

The desktop drill commander will display the progress information of the accident to the trainees and deduct the corresponding medical emergency response actions. When the accident occurred the stage discussion ends and the information on the progress of the latter stage of the accident is introduced.

9.1.4 Discussion

The drill commander will raise questions according to the accident progress information, and the trainees will answer the questions according to the provisions of the nuclear and radiation emergency medical plan.

Take response actions, discuss issues raised by accident progress information and anticipate medical emergency response actions.

9.2 Single drill

9.2.1 Introduction to the basic situation of the drill

At the beginning of the exercise, the purpose and objectives of the individual exercises, basic rules and procedures should be introduced.

9.2.2 Scene display

Demonstrate information on the progress of nuclear and radiation accidents, leading to medical emergency response actions.

9.2.3 Exercises

The drill command issued an order based on the progress information of the accident, and the medical emerge...