SN/T 1144-2020Listed as a quarantine identification method (English PDF)

6.1 Instruments and appliances

Stereo microscope,, electron microscope scanner, set of sieve. 30 mesh (aperture. 550µm)-500 mesh (aperture. 25µm), meter Measuring device, sample table, sample plate, magnifying glass, tweezers, brush pen, small brush, absorbent paper, funnel, triangular bottle, washing bottle, measuring cup, culture Petri dishes, finger tubes, jars, white porcelain plates, sample bags, labels, record books, specimen bottles, specimen boxes, mothballs.

6.2 Reagents

1% surfactant or soapy water.

7.1 Active agent flushing method

7.1.1 Put the test sample into the Erlenmeyer flask (the size of the Erlenmeyer flask depends on the number of test samples), and then add 1% less surfactant or fertilizer.

Soap water, then add tap water until it covers the test sample.

7.1.2 Shake well and let stand for 10 min.

7.1.3 Pour the test sample together with the liquid in the Erlenmeyer flask into the upper sieve with 30 mesh (aperture. 550µm) and the lower sieve with 300 mesh (aperture.

48µm) in the sieve (the diameter of the sieve is preferably o 10 cm, the upper part is larger and the lower part is smaller).

7.1.4 Rinse the Erlenmeyer flask 7 to 8 times with tap water, and pour the rinse liquid into the upper sieve to rinse the test sample.

7.1.5 Remove the upper sieve, rinse the wall of the lower sieve with tap water, and after soaking dry with absorbent paper, place the lower sieve directly under the stereo microscope for careful observation.

When suspected seeds are found, they should be picked out and moved to the microscope for confirmation. If necessary, they should be scanned by electron microscope.

7.2 Jacorsohn and Marcus test method

Prepare a funnel-shaped container with a large upper diameter and a small lower diameter. The upper and lower mouths are connected with metal nets and nylon nets are used for enclosing. Inspection Pour the sample into a glass cup and add an aqueous solution containing 1% surfactant, let it stand for 10 minutes and then gently shake it for 1 to 2 minutes, then Rinse with tap water, so that the object to be inspected remains on the upper mouth and the listed seeds are washed onto the lower mouth. For specific experimental steps, see Appendix A.

8.1 Listed morphological characteristics

Listed as a parasitic herb with annual roots, degenerated roots, fleshy stems, erect, solitary or few branched, with fine hairs, light yellow or Purple-brown or colorless. Generally, the height is 30 cm to 40 cm, and the highest can reach 60 cm. The whole plant lacks chlorophyll, and the leaves degenerate into scales or spirals Arranged like a stalk, yellow or yellowish brown, without true roots, and degenerate into suckers. Many flowers, in spikes or racemes, sparsely solitary stem tops, flowers Small, bisexual, white, pink, beige or blue-violet. Each floret has a long and narrow bract at the base, which is lanceolate or ovate it is lanceolate, with 1 bract, often the same shape as the leaf, with 2 bracteoles or none above the bract. Calyx bell-shaped, light yellow, lobes 5, sharp apex Point, or degenerate by a lobule at the base, that is, 4 lobes. The corolla has a lip shape, the upper lip is 2-lobed, and the lower lip is 3-lobed. 4 stamens, 2 strong, born in in the corolla tube, the filaments are slender, the upper part is white, the base part is yellow, the anthers are 2 compartments, yellow, covered with white cotton wool or thin long hairs, descent from the filaments the apex, split longitudinally, 1 pistil, ovate, stigma enlarged like a head, purple-blue style upright or recurved or concealed. The upper ovary, by

4 The carpel unites into one compartment, the lateral membrane is placenta, and there are many ovules. Capsules, usually longitudinally dehiscent, styles often persistent, containing a large number of seeds.

The seeds are mostly obovate or irregular, and rarely elliptical, cylindrical or subspherical See Appendix B). The seeds are as small as dust (0.2 mm~0.5 mm), dark yellow-brown to dark brown. The hilum is obvious or not obvious, the surface of the seed coat it is uneven, with ridged stripes and protrusions forming a net, the mesh is shallow, square or vertical rectangle, and the net wall is smooth. The mesh arrangement is regular or irregular. network the ridge is flat without small protrusions, and the bottom of the mesh is net-like or small pit-like. See Appendix C for the seed key of six important species of Orobanche.

8.2 The morphological characteristics of six important species

8.2.1 Main features of Orobanche coerulencens Steph

The stem is upright, strong, unbranched, 15 cm to 50 cm high, and the whole plant is covered with white hairs. The leaves are scaly, ovate-lanceolate, yellowish brown.

The inflorescence is long spike-like, densely tomentose, bracts the same shape as the leaves, nearly the same size, without bracteoles; calyx 2 deeply parted to the base, membranous, each lobe first the tip is 2-lobed; the corolla is lavender, about 20 mm long, two-lipped, the upper lip is wide, the apex is slightly concave, the lower lip is 3-lobed, and the lobes are nearly round; the stamens are 4.capsule the fruit is oval-elliptic; the seeds are irregular in shape, slightly oval or oblong, dark brown, hard, with relatively regular coarse nets on the surface, the seeds the length is about 0.2 mm~0.5 mm, and the width and thickness are about 0.2 mm~0.3 mm. See Figure D.1 ~ Figure D.2.

8.2.2 The main characteristics of Orobanche cumana Wallr.

The stem is erect, solitary, fleshy, with fine hairs, light yellow to purple-brown, varying in height, 20 cm to 40 cm. The whole plant lacks chlorophyll, There is no real root, but a short whisker-like sucker. The leaves degenerate into scales and are arranged spirally on the stem. Flowers bisexual, symmetrical, arranged Into tight spikes. The flowers are small, with 20-40 flowers per plant, with a maximum of 80 flowers. The corolla is double-lipped, with two-lobed upper lip and lower lip 3-lobed, blue-purple. The fruit is a capsule with persistent styles. The capsule is usually 2-lobed and contains a large number of small dust-like seeds. Irregular seed shape Then, it is slightly nearly ovoid. The tender seeds are yellow and soft; mature seeds are about 0.3 mm ~ 0.5 mm long, 0.14 mm ~ 0.25 mm wide, and deep Brown, hard, irregular shape, the seed umbilicus is not obvious, the seed coat has a large square mesh with ridges, and the bottom of the mesh has a regular shape with an ellipse the round cavities are closely arranged. See Figure D.3 ~ Figure D.5.

8.2.3 Main characteristics of Orobanche ramosa L. (Orobanche ramosa L.)

The stems are mostly branched from the base, usually 3 to 5, fleshy, brown or straw-colored; the main branch is upright and strong, 10 cm to 20 cm high, and the side branches are Short and thin, diagonally upward. The leaves degenerate into yellow scales, slightly ovate-lanceolate, brown, apex and tail-pointed. Spikes terminal, corolla tube Shape, two-lipped, yellow to white. Capsule 2-lobed, with 4 placentas and many seeds. Seed length is 0.25 mm~0.4 mm, width is 0.18 mm~ 0.2 mm, oval, sharp edges, gray-brown, shiny, irregular surface mesh, net bottom mesh. See Figure D.6 ~ Figure D.7.

8.2.4 Main characteristics of Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.

The stem is erect, 15 cm to 50 cm high, and the whole plant is glandular hairy, branched above the middle, yellowish brown. The leaves are scaly. Spike terminal branches End, cylindrical, loose. The corolla is lip-shaped, bluish-purple, nearly erect, tube-shaped, and the upper lip is 2-lobed, and the lower lip is shorter than the upper lip, and 3-lobed.

Capsule, 2-lobed. The seeds are mostly, slightly oval, 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm long, 0.25 mm wide and 0.25 mm thick, irregular in shape, and relatively large at one end.

It is sharp and narrow, gray-brown, dull, with long wrinkles near the sharp end, and the surface is uneven to form a mesh, the mesh is irregular, and the bottom of the mesh is net-like.

See Figure D.8 ~ Figure D.9.

8.2.5 Main features of Orobanche crenata Forsk

The stem is upright, solitary, fleshy, with fine hairs, yellowish-white, 20 cm to 60 cm high. Leaf scale-like, linear-lanceolate, spike-like flowers Order, dense terminal, bracts tomentose, linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or long pointed, corolla bell-shaped, yellow-white, anthers glabrous, flowers Calyx campanulate, 2-lobed. Capsules are oblong, with small seeds and many. The seed surface is dull, obovate, 0.2 mm~0.4 mm long, yellowish brown Color, the mesh arrangement is mostly rectangular, and the bottom of the mesh is scattered with nearly oval small holes. See Figure D.10 ~ Figure D.11.

8.2.6 Main features of Orobanche cernua Loefling (Orobanche cernua Loefling)

The stem is yellowish brown, cylindrical, unbranched, 0.6 cm to 1.5 cm in diameter, 15 cm to 40 cm in height, and the whole plant is densely covered with glandular hairs. Leaf triangle Oval or ovate-lanceolate, 1 cm ~1.5 cm long, 5 mm ~7 mm wide, with bracts, calyx and corolla densely covered with glandular hairs, inside the face is nearly hairless. Spikes, 5 cm~20 (~30) cm long, with many flowers; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, 2 deep Split to the base, or split from the front to the base, and split only below the middle or near the base at the back. The top of the lobes is often 2-lobed. Corolla lavender or Light blue, where the filaments are swollen, overflow and shrink upward, the tube is light yellow, the constriction is slightly twisted, and the knees are slightly twisted. The upper lip is 2 lobed, and the lower lip is slightly shorter.

On the upper lip, it is 3-lobed, with shallow wavy or crenulated edges. 4 stamens, filaments and anthers glabrous; styles glabrous. Capsule oblong or long Round oval, length 10 mm ~ 12 mm, diameter 5 mm ~ 7 mm, dark brown after drying. The seeds are oblong, about 0.3 mm~0.5 in length mm, 0.18 mm in diameter, regular shape, obvious seed umbilicus, large rectangular mesh with ridges on the surface of the seed coat, and honeycomb at the bottom of the mesh Pits. See Figure D.12 ~ Figure D.13.

8.3 Comparison of morphological characteristics of six important species

Refer to Appendix E for the comparison of the morphological characteristics of the six types of listings.