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LY/T 3097-2019Parameters and methods of ecological monitoring of planted forests on the beach in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River (English PDF)

长江中下游滩地人工林生态系统监测指标与方法

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Issued by

State Forestry and Grassland Administration

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

October 23, 2019

Implementation date

April 1, 2020

Scope

LY/T 3097-2019 is the English-translated version of 长江中下游滩地人工林生态系统监测指标与方法.

LY/T 3097-2019 — This specification specifies the ecological monitoring indicators and monitoring methods for river beaches, lake beaches, and beach beaches in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

This specification applies to long-term positioning observations of the built-up forest ecosystems of river beaches, lake beaches, and beaches in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

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Document preview — LY/T 3097-2019

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 65.020
Classification: B 65

Issued by: State Forestry and Grassland Administration

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Beach
3.2 Planted forests on the beach
3.3 Gas flux
4 Monitoring indicators
5 Monitoring methods
5.1 Survey of transects,, plots and plots
5.2 Continuous automatic ground observation
5.3 Satellite remote sensing monitoring
5.4 Periodic sampling observations
5.5 Irregular sampling and monitoring of water quality
5.6 Irregular records
6 Days. Quantity only

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules of GB/T 1.1-2009.

This standard is proposed by the Chinese Academy of Forestry.

This standard is under the jurisdiction of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.

This standard was drafted. Forestry Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Hubei Academy of Forestry, Research Center for Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Engineering Technology of the Ministry of Water Resources.

1 Scope

This specification specifies the ecological monitoring indicators and monitoring methods for river beaches, lake beaches, and beach beaches in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

This specification applies to long-term positioning observations of the built-up forest ecosystems of river beaches, lake beaches, and beaches in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

2 Normative references

The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document.

For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T 33703 Observation Specifications for Automatic Weather Stations HJ 493 Technical Requirements for Preservation and Management of Water Quality Samples HJ/T 194 Technical Specification for Manual Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality LY/T 1210 Collection and preparation of forest soil samples LY/T 1211 Collection and preparation of forest plant (including forest litter layer) samples LY/T 1952 Long-term positioning observation method for forest ecosystem LY/T 2241 Forest ecosystem biodiversity monitoring and assessment specifications SL 187 Technical Specifications for Water Sampling

3 Terms and definitions

3.1 Beach

In a certain period of time, the aquatic and terrestrial interlaced zones of aquatic and terrestrial environmental states alternate. These include river beaches, lake beaches and island beaches.

3.2 Planted forests on the beach

Planted forests are built on beaches for the purpose of beach protection, timber production, wave protection and dike protection, snail suppression and disease prevention, and landscape optimization.

3.3 Gas flux

The amount of material per unit time per unit area of gas that passes through the canopy-atmosphere interface or the soil-atmosphere interface.

4 Monitoring indicators

Including soil factors, biological factors, water environmental factors, atmospheric environmental factors, human activity five categories. See Appendix A for specific indicators.

5 Monitoring methods

5.1 Survey of transects,, plots and plots

5.1.1 Fixed sample strip, sample line, plot plot and plot setting

Set up plots, plots, and plots according to the distribution characteristics of plantations in the study area. The selected plots, plots, and plots should be representative of beach plantations.

Vegetation and topography.

a. lay 3 to 5 fixed sample strips along the water bank perpendicular to the water bank, 50 m or 100 m wide, with a total length of not less than 3000 m.

b. Set a fixed survey sample line with a length of 100-200 m for each sample strip.

c. Three to five 20 m × 20 m standard fixed plots are arranged along the elevation of each sample strip.

d. Select 3 to 5 standard trees for each tree species in each standard fixed plot for investigation of tree growth.

e. Five 5 m × 5 m plots are arranged in each fixed standard plot for investigation of shrubs and interlayer plants; the inner edge of each fixed standard plot Five squares of 1 m × 1 m plots are arranged diagonally for herbs and ground cover plants.

5.1.2 Forest plot survey

The forest survey includes leaf area index, vegetation index and phenology.

a. Use a canopy analyzer to investigate the leaf area index of arbor layers in a fixed plot. The survey time and frequency are shown in Appendix A.

b. Record manually, or use a camera with an automatic photo function to automatically take pictures of the plot to record the phenology.

5.1.3 Survey of vegetation plots and plots

The vegetation survey method is implemented with reference to LY/T 2241. The litter survey method is implemented with reference to LY/T 1211. The survey time and frequency are shown in Appendix A.

5.1.4 Insect Plot Investigation

The survey method was implemented with reference to LY/T 2241. The survey time and frequency are shown in Appendix A.

5.1.5 Sampling survey of snail density

The survey time and frequency are shown in Appendix A.

a. Systematic sampling survey method. set a sample frame for checking snails at a certain distance, the sample frame is 0.11 m 2. The frame distance depends on the size and type of beach area.

It is generally 10 to 20 m.

b. Environmental sampling survey method. According to the environmental characteristics of beach vegetation, elevation and other snail habitat habits, find a suspicious environment for frame survey.

c. Systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling survey method. divide the Chaluotan land into several blocks, and check the snails in a checkerboard pattern in each block; if adjacent Oncomelania snails are not found in the two frames, so select the suspicious environment of oncomelania snails between 1 and 2 points to set the sample frame to check the oncomelania.

d. Calculation of Oncomelania snail density. Oncomelania snail density (a/0.11 m

2) = Total number of captured Oncomelania snails/total number of frames surveyed.

5.1.6 Survey of large fungal plots

Refer to the herbal survey method.

5.1.7 Survey of birds and beast-like zones

The specific observation method is implemented with reference to LY/T 2241.

5.1.8 Survey of amphibians and reptiles

The specific observation method is implemented with reference to LY/T 2241.

5.1.9 Investigation of Pests and Disease Samples

Arbor pests and diseases were investigated using a sample plant survey. The standard wood is selected as the sample plant, and the plant species are investigated on a plant-by-plant basis for insect pests of the investigated species.

The degree of damage is recorded and expressed as the percentage of the total area (or the total number of trees).

5.2 Continuous automatic ground observation

5.2.1 Hydrological observations

Automatic observation methods of runoff, ecosystem evapotranspiration, surface evapotranspiration, tree transpiration, penetrating rain, and trunk runoff refer to LY/T 1952.

Row.

5.2.2 Meteorological factors

Continuous observation using automatic weather stations. Observation methods of automatic weather stations are implemented with reference to GB/T 33703. Refer to Appendix A for the layout method Row.

5.2.3 Greenhouse gas concentration and flux observation

Refer to Appendix A for implementation.

5.3 Satellite remote sensing monitoring

Use MODIS vegetation index or satellite remote sensing data with a spatial resolution of not less than 500 m to record the leaf area index or vegetation index of the monitoring area Dynamic changes.

5.4 Periodic sampling observations

5.4.1 Soil survey

The collection and preparation of soil samples were performed in accordance with LY/T 1210. The soil profile is set to 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 cm.

Soil microbial sampling and analysis methods were performed with reference to LY/T 1952.

5.4.2 Maximum water holding capacity of litter layer

The observation method is carried out according to LY/T 1952.

5.4.3 Air quality

Refer to HJ/T 194 for implementation. Refer to Appendix A for sample collection time and frequency.

5.5 Irregular sampling and monitoring of water quality

Collection of samples for rainfall, runoff and irrigation water quality monitoring was performed with reference to SL 187. Refer to HJ for the storage and management of water quality monitoring samples 493 execution. See Appendix A for the monitoring frequency of each indicator.

5.6 Irregular records

Outbreaks of diseases and insect pests, flooding time and sediment deposition, water quality and soil erosion after heavy rain, human activities and other indicators are timely conducted recording. See Appendix B.

Appendix A

(Normative appendix) Indicators and methods for ecological monitoring of beach plantations Monitoring content Monitoring index Unit monitoring method Monitoring frequency or layout soil factor Physical and chemical properties Mechanical composition Regular sampling Observation Profile survey every 2 years, conducted in October Porosity% Profile survey every 2 years, conducted in October Bulk density g/cm3 Profile survey every 2 years, conducted in October Redox electricity mV once a quarter, surface soil survey Conductivity µs/cm once a quarter, surface soil survey pH value Once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Topsoil survey Fast acting N mg/kg Once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Profile survey Fast acting P mg/kg Fast-acting K mg/kg Nitrate nitrogen mg/kg once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Profile investigation of ammonium nitrogen mg/kg Full N g/kg Once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Profile survey Total P g/kg Kg/kg Trace element mg/kg Organic matter g/kg once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Profile survey Organic carbon storage g/kg once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Profile survey Soluble organic Carbon DOC mg/kg once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Profile survey Pollutant Heavy metal mg/kg Regular sampling Observation Once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Profile survey Pesticide residues mg/kg once a year in October or once at the end of each crop season, Profile survey biological factor plant Stand Continuous observation of vegetation index remote sensing monitoring Leaf area index plot survey once a month in growing season and crop season;

Phenological site survey manual recording or automatic phenological observation system observation arbor Tree height m Sample survey is performed once a year in the non-growing season. DBH cm Number of species the survey of the m-square of the plant height of the bush was conducted once a year in May and September each year.

Density plant/m2

Number of species

Between layers

plant

Plant height m

Sample survey density plant/m2 Number of species Herbs Plant height cm Sample survey Coverage Number of species Ground cover Aboveground biomass kg/m2 Biomass module Surveyed once a year from October to November. Arbor biomass passed Biomass model calculation; other plant biomass samples Fang Yifa Survey Underground biomass kg/m2 Amount of litter kg/m2 Sample survey Litter thickness cm animal Birds and beasts kind Sample survey Once every March, June, September, and December, each time

6 Days. Quantity only

Amphibian

And climb

Row class

kind

Sample surveys are conducted once a year in March, June, September, and December.

Quantity only

insect

kind

Sample survey once a year in May and October Density only/m2 Pest kind Sample plant surveys are observed regularly every year and recorded at the time of the outbreak Burst time Density only/m2 strength% Oncomelania Number of snails and density Only/m2 Sample surveys are conducted once a year from March to May or/and from October to November Number of active snails and density Only/m2 Weisheng Large Fungus kind Sample survey once a year in May and October Biomass g/m2 soil Weisheng Population Timing sampling Observation Carbon content mg/kg once in May and October each year Ratio g/g pathogen Weisheng kind Record outbreak time when sample survey occurs strength% Water ring Situation Hydrology Ecosystem steaming Divergence mm Continuous automatic Observation Long-term continuous observation, calculated as 30 min mean storage Surface evaporation mm Tree transpiration mm Rain through mm Trunk runoff mm Surface runoff mm Litter layer Large water holding capacity g/g Regular sampling Observation Once a month during the growing season Soil water content% Continuous automatic Observation Continuous observation, profile, calculated as 30 min mean storage Continuous observation of soil water potential Pa, profile, calculated as 30 min mean storage Underground/surface Water level Self-recording water level gauge for real-time monitoring, logging depth is not less than 5 m, calculated as 30 min mean storage Flooding lasted d from time to time Calculate flooding duration based on water level and ground elevation Soil erosion model t/(hm

From time to time

Weigh and clean up after heavy rain, calculate the cumulative value for the whole year Sediment deposition kg/m2 from time to time Observe immediately after retreating Water quality rainwater pH value Take it irregularly Sample observation Synchronized with runoff observations Sulfate ion g/L synchronized with runoff observation Total nitrogen g/L synchronized with runoff observations Non-soluble matter Total mass g/L Synchronized with runoff observations run-off pH value in flood season and non-flood season 1 ~ 3 times each Total nitrogen g/L 1 ~ 3 times in flood season and non- flood season Total phosphorus g/L 1-3 times in flood season and non- flood season Cod COD mg/L 1-3 times each in flood season and non-flood season Biological oxygen demand BOD5 mg/L 1-3 times each in flood season and non-flood season irrigation pH value Observation at the time of occurrence, 1 to 3 times per crop season Total nitrogen g/L Total phosphorus g/L Cod COD mg/L Biological oxygen demand BOD5 mg/L atmosphere surroundings factor Meteorological factor Air temperature °C Continuous automatic Observation Observe the canopy above and below, or inside and outside the forest separately.

Online continuous automatic observation, calculated as 30min mean storage.

Air humidity%

Wind speed and direction ° Rain mm Observations on or near non-forest land. Continuous automatic Observation, calculated as 30 min accumulated value storage Observation of non-forest land on or near canopy k Par. Continuous automatic Observation, calculated as a mean of 30 min to store total radiation and radiation W/m2 Radiance Photosynthetically active radiation W/m Soil temperature °C 5,15,30 cm below the surface Calculated as 30 min mean storage.

Soil heat flux W/m2

No less than 3 at 2 cm below the ground surface, calculated as 30 min mean storage.

Greenhouse gas concentration and flux Canopy water vapor, CO2, CH4, N2O concentration µmol/mol Vorticity related System continuous Automatic observation Calculated as 30 min mean storage.

Canopy water vapor,

CO2, CH4, N2O

Flux

mg/(m

Soil interface

CO2, CH4, N2O

Flux

Automatic observation Box continuous view Test, or person Take regularly Sample observation Continuous observation throughout the day at least 2 days per month.

air quality

Total suspended particles mg/m Regular sampling Observation Continuous observation throughout the day at least 2 days per month.

Respirable particles (PM10) mg/m Respirable particles (PM2.5) mg/m Sulfur dioxide µmol/mol NOx µmol/mol Ozone µmol/mol Carbon monoxide µmol/mol Poisonous and harmful Machine µmol/mol Negative ion content/cm3 Humanity activity Under the forest Intercropping Interspecies Intercrop species from time to time Record crop season when it occurs Yield t/hm2 Land preparation Records when they occur, including time, preparation method, depth Records at the time of fertilization, including time, type and amount Records at the time of application, including time, type and dosage Records when irrigation occurs, including time and water consumption Records when mechanical operations occur, including operation content and intensity Breeding kind Record when Quantity only, head forest Manage afforestation Land preparation Records when they occur, including time, preparation method, depth Afforestation tree species Records at the time of occurrence or at the beginning of construction Afforestation density plant/hm2 Row spacing m Configuration method Tend Records at the time of fertilization, including time, type and amount Records when replanting occurred, including time, tree species and amount weeding Records when they occur, including weeding method, time, medication Type, dosage Pest Control Records when they occur, including control method, time, medication Type, dosage Logging Records when harvesting occurs Logging residue management Records when they occur, including how roots, branches, and leaves are handled and biomass Mechanical operation Records when they occur, including machinery type, quantity, operation Time, content and intensity Update records when update method occurs Appendix B (Normative appendix) Non-scheduled non-automated survey monitoring record form Monitoring record content unit date Date biological factor Pest outbreak kind strength% Disease outbreak kind strength% Water ring Situation Flood Flood start time Backwater time Sedimentary sediment weight kg Rainwater quality pH value Sulfate ion g/L Total nitrogen g/L Total insoluble matter g/L Runoff water quality pH value Sulfate ion g/L Total nitrogen g/L Total insoluble matter g/L Irrigation water quality pH value Total nitrogen g/L Total phosphorus g/L COD mg/L BOD5 mg/L Soil erosion modulus, sediment weight, kg Humanity activity Interspecies Land preparation the way Depth cm Parcel number Fertilize kind Dosage kg/m2 Parcel number sowing Species Parcel number Spray Drug name Dosage kg/m2 Parcel number irrigation Water consumption m3 Parcel number reward Output kg/m2 Parcel number Breeding Grazing quantity poultry kind Quantity Number of baskets Forest management Land preparation the way Depth cm Parcel number afforestation Density plant/hm2 Row spacing m Configuration method Parcel number Fertilize kind Dosage kg/m2 Parcel number Replanting species Dosage/hm2 Parcel number Weeding, disease Pestification Prevention Drug name Dosage kg/m2 Parcel number Logging Harvesting method Root harvest remaining t/hm Branch harvest remaining t/hm Leaf harvest remaining t/hm Machinery type Mechanical quantity table During mechanical operation Update method Appendix C (Informative appendix) Reference method for some indicators observation or sample analysis Monitoring index sample analysis method Mechanical composition Determination of particle composition (mechanical composition) of forest soil (LY/T 1225-1999) Soil testing. Part 3. Determination of soil mechanical composition (NY/T 1121.3-2006) Determination of moisture-physical properties of forest soil with porosity (LY/T 1215-1999) Test of soil bulk density Part 4. Determination of soil bulk density (NY/T 1121.4-2006) Redox potential. Determination of redox potential in soil (HJ 746-2015) Electrical conductivity-Determination of soil electrical conductivity-Electrode method (HJ 802-2016) pH value Measurement of forest soil pH (LY/T 1239-1999) Determination of pH in soil (NY/T 1377-2007) Determination of total nitrogen, available N, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen in forest soil nitrogen (LY/T 1228-2015) Determination of total P and available P in forest soil (LY/T 1232-2015) Determination of total K and quick-acting K in forest soil (LY/T 1234-2015) Trace elements Determination of available iron in forest soil (LY/T 1262-1999) Determination of exchangeable manganese in forest soil (LY/T 1263-1999) Determination of easily reduced manganese in forest soil (LY/T 1264-1999) Determination of available zinc in forest soil (LY/T 1261-1999) Determination of available copper in forest soil (LY/T 1260-1999) Determination of available boron in forest soil (LY/T 1258-1999) Organic matter Determination of forest soil organic matter and calculation of carbon-nitrogen ratio (LY/T 1237-1999) Soil testing. Part 6. Determination of soil organic matter (NY/T 1121.6-2006) Organic carbon storage Forest ecosystem long-term positioning observation method-observation of soil organic carbon in forest ecosystem (LY/T 1952-2011) Heavy metal Soil quality. Determination of heavy metals. Aqueous reflux digestion atomic absorption method (NY/T 1613-2008) Soil testing. Part 10. Determination of total soil mercury (NY/T 1121.10-2006) Soil testing. Part 11. Determination of total soil arsenic (NY/T 1121.11-2006) Soil testing. Part 12. Determination of total chromium in soil (NY/T 1121.12-2006) Determination of lead and cadmium in soil (GB/T 17141) Pesticide residues Gas chromatographic method for determination of 666 and DDT in soil (GB/T 14550) Gas chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water and soil (GB/T 14552) Leaf area index deciduous collection method for rapid determination of leaf area index of deciduous natural forest (LY/T 2030-2012) Plant factor Forest Ecosystem Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation Code (LY/T 2241) Forest vegetation condition monitoring technical specifications (GB/T 30363-2013) China Ecosystem Research Network Scientific Committee. Norms for Terrestrial Ecosystem Biological Observation [M] .Beijing. China Environmental Science Press, 2007 Animal factor Forest Ecosystem Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation Code (LY/T 2241) China Ecosystem Research Network Scientific Committee. Norms for Terrestrial Ecosystem Biological Observation [M] .Beijing. China Environmental Science Press, 2007 Technical regulations for afforestation of "snail restraint and disease prevention forest" on snail survey beach (LY/T 1625-2005) Soil microbial biomass. Determination of soil microbial biomass. Substrate-induced respiration method (GB/T 32723-2016) Vegetation biomass Biomass model of standing tree and carbon measurement parameters-cedar (LY/T 2657-2016) Technical Specification for Timber Modeling Method (LY/T 2258-2014) Forest ecosystem long-term positioning observation method-Observation of forest ecosystem carbon layer (LY/T 1952-2011) Litter carbon storage Forest ecosystem long-term positioning observation method-Litter debris observations in forest ecosystems (LY/T 1952-2011) Water quality-Determination of pH-Glass electrode method (GB/T 6920) Determination of sulfate ion water sulfate. Barium chromate spectrophotometric method (trial) (HJ/T 342) Water quality-Determination of total nitrogen-Alkaline potassium persulfate digestion UV spectrophotometry (HJ 636) Determination of total suspended solids in water by gravimetric method (GB 11901) Determination of total phosphorus water quality (HJ 671) Chemical oxygen demand (COD). Determination of chemical oxygen demand in water. Rapid digestion spectrophotometry (HJ/T 399) Biological oxygen demand BOD5 Determination of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) of water quality (HJ 505) Canopy greenhouse gas flux Wen Xuefa et al. Chapter 8 Principles of Vorticity-Related Technology and Its Flux Observation // Yu Guirui et al. Terrestrial Ecosystem Principles and Methods of Flux Observation [M] .Beijing. Higher Education Press, 2006 Forest ecosystem long-term positioning observation method-Greenhouse gas observation of forest ecosystem (LY/T 1952-2011) Greenhouse gas flux at soil interface for long-term positioning observations of forest ecosystems-Greenhouse gas observations of forest ecosystems (LY/T 1952-2011) Air quality ambient air quality manual monitoring technical specifications (HJ/T 194-2017)

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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 12 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Referenced standards

Normative references

GB/T 33703Specifications observating for automatic weather station

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