LY/T 3093-2019Technical regulations for cultivation of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f. under forests canopy (English PDF)

4.2 Seed reserve requirements

Select robust plants for seeding, and no white or related species should be planted within 1 km of the seeding area.

4.3 Capsule selection and processing

4.3.1 Capsule selection

Select ripe, plump, disease-free pests, no mechanical damage, no cracking capsules.

4.3.2 Capsule treatment

Wash the surface thoroughly with water, dry it, wrap it with clean paper, and treat the capsule after 15 d at 4 °C under low temperature. Use 75% After 15 minutes to 20 minutes of immersion in alcohol, burn on the flame of the alcohol lamp for 1 s to 2 s and set aside. The cleaning water meets the requirements of GB/5749.

5.1 Aseptic seeding

Under aseptic conditions, dissect the capsules treated with 4.3.2 and spread the contained seeds evenly on the surface of the MS medium.

The bottle is sealed.

5.2 Seed germination

After sowing the culture flask in a clean environment at a temperature of (25 ± 2) ° C for one week in the dark, the light intensity is 1500 µmol · m-2 · s Under the conditions of -1 ~.2000 µmol · m-2 · s-1 and light duration of 10 h/d ~ 12 h/d, continue to culture for 30 d ~ 45 d to form buds.

5.3 Th root seedlings

Select buds that are healthy and non-polluting. Buds with a height of 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm are planted on the 1/2MS culture medium in the bottle and take root.

seedling. Light intensity is 1500 µmol · m-2 · s-1 ~ 3000 µmol · m-2 · s-1, light duration is 10 h/d ~ 12 h/d, culture time is 65 d ~ 75 d

5.4 Refining

The seedlings were exercised for 15 d ~ at a temperature of 15 °C ~ 35 °C under the conditions of 2000 µmol · m-2 · s-1 ~ 20,000 µmol · m-2 · s-1 in the light.

After 20 d, the seedling leaves became dark green and then emerged from the bottle.

5.5 Germination and Seedling Quality

5.5.1 Emergence

5.5.1.1 Bottle out

Open the bottle mouth, take out the seedlings, wash with running water, and wash the medium attached to the roots. Washing water GB/T 5749 requirements.

5.5.1.2 Disinfection

The cleaned seedlings are diluted with a broad-spectrum fungicide by a factor of 1,000 and sprayed or soaked for 5 s to 10 s. Spread in a cool place after processing Storage, stacking height below 2cm.

5.5.2 Basic requirements for seedlings

The seedlings used for cultivation should be free of pollution, rotten stems, rotten roots, yellow leaves, dark green leaves, and normally spread.

5.5.3 Seedling Classification

See Table 1 for seedling grading standards.

Table 1 Classification of white and seedlings

Indicator (unit)

grade

Level 1 Level 2

Number of pieces/strip >=3 1 ~ 2 Number of leaves/piece >=4 2 ~ 3 Seedling height/cm > 3.50 2.50 ~ 3.50 Seedling diameter/cm > 0.15 0.10 ~ 0.15 Bulbs yes

5.5.4 Decision rules

5.5.4.1 Seed sampling

The sampling method shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 3543.2.

5.5.4.2 Number of roots

Visually check the number of roots.

5.5.4.3 Number of blades

Visually check the number of leaves.

5.5.4.4 Seedling height

Distance from plant base to highest leaf tip.

5.5.4.5 Seedlings

Use vernier calipers to measure the thickest part of the stem.

5.5.4.6 Bulbs

Visually inspect the presence or absence of the bulb.

5.5.4.7 Level Judgment

The five indicators of root number, leaf number, seedling height, seedling stem and bulb must meet the requirements of 6.5.3 of this standard at the same time.

First or second seedlings. Even if four of the five indicators meet the criteria for first-level seedlings, and the other one only meets the criteria for second-level seedlings, it is a second-level seedling.

; Even if four of the five indicators meet the secondary seedling standards, and the other does not meet the secondary seedling standards, it is determined as unqualified seedlings.

5.6 Storage

Store the sterilized seedlings in a ventilated, place with labels. During storage, the leaves should not be wilted, not dehydrated, and can be sprayed.

Water increases leaf humidity, and water quality meets the requirements of GB/5749. 3 days after the bottle was shipped out for domestication.

5.7 Seedling domestication

5.7.1 Environment selection

Ambient air meets the requirements of GB 3095; organic drainage control and irrigation systems should be isolated from conventional plots, and irrigation water quality Meets GB 5084 requirements; soil meets GB 15618 requirements.

5.7.2 Planting of white and domesticated seedlings in rain shelter cultivation mode

5.7.2.1 Applying fertilizer on site preparation

The soil in the loquat is turned 30 cm deep, and at the same time, 1000 kg to 2000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer and raked. Open laterally 3 cm-5 cm deep planting ditch, spare.

5.7.2.2 Cultivation facilities

The structure and performance of solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses meet the requirements of JB/T 10594.

5.7.2.3 Tissue culture seedling treatment

The bio-pesticide with Alternaria microsporum activating protein and amino acid oligosaccharide was selected to make 800-1000 times solution, and the tissue culture seedlings were placed in Soak in the solution for 30 s to 60 s, and then take it out and put it in a cool place. After the surface moisture is dried, it can be used for colonization.

5.7.2.4 Colonization

5.7.2.4.1 Planting time

Available from February to November. The best planting time is from March to May.

5.7.2.4.2 Planting density

The plant row spacing was 5 cm × (5 ~ 8) cm, and the planting amount per square meter was 250 ~ 400.

5.7.2.4.3 Planting method

It is planted in the planting ditch. Covering the soil with the bulbs as the standard, the seedlings must be planted correctly.

5.7.2.4.4 Pouring root water

The "fixing root water" can be poured 24 hours after the planting, and the covering soil cannot be washed out to expose the bulbs when watering.

5.7.2.5 Management

5.7.2.5.1 Temperature, moisture, humidity and light control

The growth temperature of Baihe is 15 °C ~ 35 °C, the suitable growth temperature is 25 °C ~ 27 °C, the temperature in winter is not lower than-5 °C is appropriate. The relative humidity of suitable growth air is 75% ~ 90%. The water content of the matrix is 20% to 30%. Light intensity is controlled at 10000 µmol · m

-1 to.200000 µmol · m-2 · s-1.

5.7.2.5.2 Topdressing

The leaves become pale or yellow, spray humic acid fertilizer and other biological foliar fertilizers on the leaves, and the application amount should be implemented according to the instructions.

5.7.3 Planting white and domesticated seedlings in non-rain shelter cultivation mode

5.7.3.1 Site preparation

Rotary plowing is performed 2 to 3 times after the land is turned deep. Base fertilizer is applied during the rotary plowing, and the soil and fertilizer are mixed. The type and amount of fertilizer applied are the same as those in "9.2.1 Land preparation Shi Jifei. "

5.7.3.2 Tissue culture seedling treatment, planting density, planting method, permeating root water, topdressing Same as "5.7.2".

5.7.3.3 Colonization

5.7.3.3.1 Planting time

It can be from March to October, and the best time for planting is March to May.

5.7.3.4 Management

5.7.3.4.1 Temperature, light, moisture and humidity management

Set up a simple shading net to control temperature and light, and choose a 75% shading rate. Shading net construction height 2 m ~ 2.5 m Better. Just keep the soil moist. Humidity can be adjusted by spraying (drenching) facilities.

6.1 Site conditions

Air quality meets the requirements of GB 3095 secondary standard, soil quality meets the requirements of GB 15618 secondary standard, irrigation water quality Meet the requirements of GB 5084. Stand canopy closure is 0.4 ~ 0.6, there is no requirement for forest species and slope direction, the altitude is below 300m, and the slope is below 15 °.

The soil layer is deep, the soil is fertile and loose, and the drainage is good. The sandy loam soil is rich in organic matter, has water sources, and is easy to drain and irrigate. With There are facilities to prevent wildlife damage.

6.2 Woodland consolidation

Before planting, remove shrubs, grass, and impurities, and adopt terraced or hoe-type land preparation according to the slope of the forest land and labor conditions.

1.4m to 1.6m.

6.3 Site preparation requirements

The reclamation depth is 30 cm to 40 cm, and large stones and tree roots in the soil are removed.

6.4 Applying Base Fertilizer to Site Preparation

Combined with land preparation, 1000 kg to 2000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer.

6.5 Pre-planting treatment

The white and domesticated seedlings were dug up, and the bulbs and roots were immersed in 1500 times 6% oligosaccharides. About 60 s in the chain protein solution, the bulbs and roots were drained.

Surface adhesion liquid.

6.6 Colonization

6.6.1 Planting time

From the end of March to the end of September. The best planting time is from March to May.

6.6.2 Planting density

The planting density was 20 cm × 20 cm under the forest.

6.6.3 Colonization methods

Depending on the area of the root system from which the holes are raised, apply rotten cooked cake fertilizer (soybean meal, rapeseed meal, etc.) in an amount of 15 g-20 g per hole. Cake fertilizer and soil in the hole Mix well, then plant white and domesticated seedlings in the hole, cover the soil with a thickness of soil to cover the root system, and the depth of the stem base in the soil should not exceed 2 cm ~ 3 cm is suitable. Should not be planted too deep, should not be covered with too thick soil, planting seedlings should be straight. 24 hours after planting, water the "fixing roots" in time.

6.7 Management Techniques

6.7.1 Water management

In severe dry weather, artificial watering or artificial spraying of leaves should be carried out. Drain the ditch in rainy seasons to prevent water stains.

6.7.2 Topdressing method

Same as "5.7.2.5.2" Topdressing.

7.1 Harvest

Harvested after 3 years of cultivation, the harvest season is late autumn and early winter. When digging, use a flat shovel or small hoe to dig the bulbs together with the soil Remove the fibrous roots, remove the stems and leaves from the ground, shake off the soil, and transport it back for processing.

7.2 Post-harvest treatment

Divide the tubers into individual pieces, wash the soil with water, peel off the rough skin, cook in a boiling water pot or blanch until cut in the center.

, Take out the natural cooling, remove the fibrous roots, dry or dry until completely dry. Put it in the cage, and remove the rough skin and whiskers, making it smooth and clean.

White translucent body, just remove the impurities. Where to buy slices, slice while fresh and dry.

9.1 Basic information

Source of mango fruit, harvest batch, time, processing method, conditions and time, etc .; fertilization type, application amount, frequency; reserved seed the types, application methods, time, and frequency of plant disease and pest control; and various other agricultural management measures for retaining plants Fine production records

9.2 Th Property Management

9.2.1 Nursery Management

Capsule amount, cultivation time, cultivation management, seedling refining, nursery conditions, planting time, survival rate after planting, etc.

9.2.2 Undergrowth Management

Planting time, planting method, survival rate of planted seedlings; types and frequency of fertilization, time and amount of fertilization after planting; pesticides Use type, concentration, frequency, control object and application method; weeding method, time and other agricultural operation measures.

Appendix A

(Informative appendix) Control methods for white and major diseases A.1 Major diseases A.1.1 Soft rot in the early stage of disease, use 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate 3000-4000 times solution, or 90% neophytemycin 4000 times Liquid, spray once every 7 to 10 days, then spray 2 to 3 times, and spray.

A.1.2 Black spot

At the beginning of the onset, use 500% to 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times solution, spray once every 7 to 10 days, spray 2 to 3 times, spray A.1.3 Leaf spot gray mold Remove the diseased plant residues, remove the lower diseased leaves at the early stage of the disease; timely take the medicine for prevention. The following agents can be used in rotation. 50% polybacteria Ling wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 65% Daisen zinc wettable powder 400-500 times liquid spraying.

A.1.4 Root rot

For this disease, prevention is the main method, and there is no cure effect after the onset. Prevention. Excessive rain is the main condition for disease epidemic in the years when the rainfall is early and heavy, the incidence is early and severe. Conditions such as low-lying stagnant water, poor ventilation, insufficient light, and improper fertilizer and water are conducive to the onset of disease.

Seedbeds should pay attention to ventilation and drainage, increase soil permeability, enrich ecological diversity, and avoid root rot.

Appendix B

(Informative appendix) White and main pest control methods B.1 The mollusk control methods are.

-Sprinkle lime around the salamander to prevent snails and salamander from climbing into the salamander;

-Trap with vegetable leaves or grass bait. Use 100% of polyacetal or 40% phoxim EC (mass ratio ) Vegetable leaves or grasses are mixed with wet and sprinkled around the loquat in the evening to lure them.

B.2 The main methods of underground pest control are.

-Use black light to trap and kill adults. A container containing insects is placed under the lamp, which contains an appropriate amount of water, and a little kerosene is dripped into the water;

-Trap with poison bait. Cut fresh grass into 3cm ~ 4cm length, add 50 times with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate (mass ratio ) Wet the fresh grass and sprinkle it around the cricket in the evening to lure in.

B.3 Requirements for pesticide use-Confirm that the label is clear and the pesticide registration certificate number and pesticide production license number are complete;

-Apply pesticides in accordance with the dosage, product to be controlled, method of use, application period, and precautions specified on the product label;

-Rotate pesticides to reduce resistance.