HJ 945.3-2020Technical guideline for the development of water pollutant discharge standards in watersheds (English PDF)

Foreword

To implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, the Water Pollution Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China, and the People's Republic of China the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the Republic of China protects and improves the quality of the water environment, regulates the formulation and revision of water pollutant discharge standards in the basin to develop this standard.

This standard specifies the basic principles, technical routes, and main technical content for the formulation of local river basin water pollutant discharge standards the determination of the standard, the cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of the standard, the structure of the standard text and the main content of the standard preparation description.

This standard is issued for the first time.

This standard was formulated by the Department of Regulations and Standards of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

Drafting organization of this standard. Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences.

This standard was approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on May 21, 2020.

This standard will be implemented on July 1, 2020.

This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

1 Technical Guidelines for the Development of Water Pollutant Discharge Standards in the Basin

1 Scope of application

This standard specifies the basic principles and technical routes for the formulation of water pollutant discharge standards for local river basins, as well as the determination of main technical content and standards.

The cost-benefit analysis of the quasi-implementation, as well as the requirements of the standard text structure and the main content of the standard preparation instructions.

This standard is applicable to the formulation and revision of water pollutant discharge standards for local river basins.

2 Normative references

The content of this standard refers to the following documents or their clauses. For undated reference documents, the effective version is applicable to this standard.

GB 3838 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water HJ 2.3 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment Surface Water Environment HJ 945.2 Technical Guidelines for the Establishment of National Water Pollutant Discharge Standards "Administrative Measures for the Establishment and Revision of National Environmental Protection Standards" (Guo Huan Gui Technology [2017] No. 1) "Technical Guidelines for the Compilation of Water Body Standard Schemes (Trial)" (Huanban Pollution Prevention Letter [2016] No. 563)

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

Environmental water bodies Rivers, lakes, canals, channels, reservoirs and other surface water bodies and sea water bodies within the territory of the People's Republic of China, and the people of China Other sea water bodies under the jurisdiction of the Republic.

Watersheds

The catchment area or range of the catchment area included in the surface water line.

Water pollutant discharge standards in order to improve environmental quality, combined with technical, economic conditions and environmental characteristics, the pollution source directly or indirectly discharged into the environmental water body Limits on the type, concentration and quantity of contaminants, as well as the limits set by other factors that cause harm to the environment, monitoring methods and monitoring methods, etc.

Regulatory requirements.

Water pollutant discharge standards in watersheds According to the water environment quality improvement needs of a specific basin, water pollutant discharge standards are formulated for pollution sources within the basin.

Water environment protection target Drinking water source protection areas, drinking water intakes, wading nature reserves, scenic spots, important wetlands, key protections and treasures

2 Habitats of rare aquatic organisms, natural spawning grounds and feeding grounds for important aquatic organisms, wintering grounds and migration channels, natural fishing grounds and other fishery waters Body, and aquatic germplasm resource protection zone.

Permitted discharge quantity of pollutants of watershed Taking into account the ecological factors of the basin, the design hydrological conditions and the spatial distribution of sewage outlets, in order to achieve the goal of improving the water environment quality of the basin Standard, the maximum amount of pollutant load allowed in the basin.

Margin of safety

Consider the uncertain factors of the relationship between the pollution load and the water environment quality of the receiving water body, in order to ensure the improvement of the water environment quality of the receiving water body the amount of load reserved for safety.

4 Basic principles

5 Technical route

5.1 The establishment and revision of water pollutant discharge standards for river basins shall carry out various stages of work in accordance with the requirements of the "Management Measures for the Establishment and Revision of National Environmental Protection Standards".

5.2 The main technical work content for the formulation and revision of water pollutant discharge standards in the river basin includes river basin survey, regional analysis and identification of environmental characteristic pollutants.

Classification, pollution source investigation and discharge characteristic pollutant identification, emission limit analysis based on water environment quality improvement goals, emission limit technology Economic demonstration and implementation plan design, environmental benefits of standard implementation and demand analysis of emission reduction and capacity increase, standard text and compilation instructions, etc., the technical route is shown in Figure 1.

46 Determination of main technical content

6.1 Basin investigation, regional analysis and identification of pollutants with environmental water features

6.1.1 The scope of the river basin is defined. The scope of the applicable area of the standard shall be clearly defined, and the area of the watershed area where the standard applies may be given in the form of an appendix

Figure with the name of the administrative area.

6.1.2 Environmental investigation and assessment of the river basin. Investigate the hydrology, water quality, catchment area, and sewage discharge of the river basin, main stream and tributary in the past five years for specific information, please refer to the relevant requirements in HJ 2.3 and the "Technical Guidelines for the Compilation of Water Body Standards (Trial)".

Remote sensing and remote sensing by drones or satellites. Water quality evaluation generally adopts single factor standard index method.

6.1.3 Differentiate different areas and implement differentiated protection or emission control requirements.

6.1.3.1 For drinking water source protection areas, nature reserves and other laws and regulations, areas must be strictly protected, and local governments shall determine Other designated areas with higher water environment quality requirements should be protected, especially the protection of various water environmental protection goals. except in addition to the requirements stipulated by laws and regulations, the water pollutant discharge standards of the river basin may propose that no new construction, reconstruction, or expansion shall be allowed for the enhanced protection area.

, pollution sources must not directly discharge water pollutants into the area in any way. The distance from the main stream or the main stream A certain section and the area within a certain distance along the lake and reservoir are used as buffer zones for enhanced protection. Need to delimit the main stream of the buffer zone (Or river section), the list of lakes and reservoirs, and the specific scope of the buffer zone can be given in the standard or specified by the districted municipal people's government Determine it by itself and report it to the provincial competent department of ecological environment for the record and make it public.

6.1.3.2 The catchment area that traces a certain distance up the catchment tributary of the strengthened protection area (the middle area of 6.1.3.1), the discharge of pollution sources shall be implemented strict control. The discharge limit should be based on the water environment quality improvement goal.

6.1.3.3 In other areas of the basin other than 6.1.3.1 and 6.1.3.2, general control of pollution source emissions shall be implemented.

6.1.4 Identification of pollutants with environmental characteristics of the basin. Mainly include pollutants that exceed water quality standards, pollutants that have a risk of exceeding standards, and other special Levy pollutants. Excessive water quality pollutants are pollutants whose annual average value has exceeded the standard in the past five years. Pollutants at risk of exceeding the standard Although there are no pollutants whose water quality exceeds the standard, the annual average value has shown an upward trend in the past five years.

6.2 Pollution source investigation and discharge characteristic pollutant identification

6.2.1 Pollution source investigation

6.2.1.1 Investigate the pollutant production and discharge characteristics of various pollution sources in the river basin and the information on the discharge outlets of the river, including the name of the pollution source, the location of the discharge outlet, Information on the destination of discharge, the location of the sewage outlet into the river, the level of discharge concentration, the amount of waste water and the amount of pollutants discharged.

6.2.1.2 Pollution sources are divided into point sources and non-point sources. Separately calculate the discharge and inflow of point sources and non-point sources.

6.2.1.3 The content and methods of point source survey can be implemented with reference to HJ 945.2.

6.2.2 Identification of emission characteristic pollutants and analysis of point source emission

6.2.2.1 Summarize the pollutants discharged by each pollution source as the characteristic pollutants discharged by the pollution source in the basin.

6.2.2.2 For each pollutant of concern, statistically analyze the proportion of pollutant emissions from various pollution sources to the total emissions, and rank them.

6.2.2.3 If the discharge of point source pollutants accounts for a relatively low proportion of the discharge of various pollution sources (point source and non-point source), the drainage standard for water pollutants may not be formulated.

6.2.2.4 Clarify the current water pollutant discharge standards for point sources, and evaluate the compliance of the point sources in implementing the current discharge standards.

6.2.3 Investigation of pollution source water pollution prevention and control technology

56.2.3.1 Investigate the water pollution prevention and control technologies currently adopted by various pollution sources in the basin. List the technical list for each type of pollution source, and carry out technical Classification, and through survey data, determine the removal efficiency, emission level, and fixed emission control facilities of each type of pollution prevention technology Cost, operating cost per unit of pollutant removal and other key environmental economic and technical indicators and parameters, as well as other environmental impacts, environmental benefits, for economic benefits, etc., the technical level is graded.

6.2.3.2 Specific technical survey content and methods can be implemented with reference to HJ 945.2.

6.2.4 Investigation and analysis of relevant development plans and ecological environment protection plans

6.2.4.1 Collect and summarize national and local national economic and social development plans, related industry development plans, ecological environmental protection plans, Planning documents such as water pollution prevention and control plans.

6.2.4.2 Investigate and analyze the information on the scale of industry development, technological development direction, and the elimination and closure of backward enterprises involved in the plan.

6.2.5 Analysis of relevant laws, regulations and standards at home and abroad

6.2.5.1 Collect and summarize relevant domestic and foreign laws, regulations, standards and measures and other relevant documents.

6.2.5.2 Investigate and master the advanced water pollution prevention and control technologies (cleaner production technology, terminal treatment technology and environmental Environmental management measures), and discharge characteristic information (discharge concentration, discharge volume, pollutant discharge volume, etc.).

6.2.5.3 The specific investigation content and methods can be implemented with reference to HJ 945.2.

6.2.6 Pollution source reduction potential analysis and key pollution source identification

6.2.6.1 For various pollution sources related to the control of pollutants within the surveyed basin, list the current water pollution prevention technologies and Comparison of advanced water pollution prevention and control technologies at home and abroad, and discharge characteristics.

6.2.6.2 After analyzing the transformation of various pollution sources to advanced water pollution prevention technologies, determine the emission reduction potential of various pollution sources.

6.2.6.3 According to planning requirements, analyze the emission reduction potential of such pollution sources due to the elimination and closure of backward enterprises.

6.2.6.4 Combining the analysis results of 6.2.6.2 and 6.2.6.3, obtain the analysis results of the emission reduction potential of various pollution sources.

6.2.6.5 Mainly based on the pollutant discharge load and emission reduction potential of various pollution sources, assess and determine key pollution sources and general pollution sources.

6.3 Determination of emission limits based on water environment quality improvement goals

6.3.1 Dilution multiple method

6.3.1.1 Based on the characteristics of environmental water bodies in the basin in the past five years and actual survey data, calculate the dilution factor of the water body, and use the water environment quality improvement target the product of the concentration limit and the dilution factor is used as the concentration limit of the drainage standard for water pollutants.

6.3.1.2 In principle, the water dilution factor should not exceed 20 times.

6.3.2 Pollution comprehensive reduction coefficient method

6.4 Technical and economic demonstration and implementation plan design based on the target discharge limit of water environment quality

6.4.1 Screening of technical routes that meet the standards

6.4.1.1 Screening and determining technical routes for upgrading and upgrading of existing enterprises, and screening and determining technical routes for new enterprises to meet standards.

6.4.1.2 It shall be mainly based on other environmental impacts such as the removal efficiency and discharge level of water pollution prevention technology, operational stability, secondary pollution, etc.

Wait for screening to determine the technical route. The specific evaluation method can be implemented with reference to HJ 945.2.

6.4.1.3 A variety of technical routes can be selected and determined according to the treatment effect.

6.4.2 Analysis of economic costs and benefits

6.4.2.1 Mainly aiming at key pollution sources in the river basin, calculating the fixed costs and operating costs of existing enterprises due to upgrading the fixed costs and operating costs that need to be invested in the construction and operation of corresponding facilities in the industry.

6.4.2.2 Cost estimation should be based on engineering examples. The specific calculation method can be implemented with reference to HJ 945.2.

6.4.2.3 Accounting for economic benefits obtained due to pollutant emission reduction. It is predicted that pollutants will reduce their payment due to stricter emission limits Protection tax, as well as reduced personnel costs due to operation automation.

6.4.3 Comparison of relevant domestic and foreign standards and analysis of compliance rate. The relevant regulations of HJ 945.2 can be referred to.

6.4.4 Recommendations for the implementation of emission limits

6.4.4.1 According to the results of the technical and economic demonstration of the discharge limit based on the improvement of water environment quality, combined with the comparative analysis of relevant domestic and foreign standards, Assess its feasibility.

6.4.4.2 For emission limits that are difficult to implement at this stage, recommendations for the short-term and long-term implementation of emission limits should be put forward. In principle, the long-term emission limit should be the water pollutant emission limit calculated based on the water environment quality improvement goal; the short-term emission limit is based on the current pollution the level of advanced technology for prevention and control is determined.

6.5 Analysis of the environmental benefits of standard implementation and the demand for further emission reduction and capacity increase

6.5.1 Environmental Benefit Analysis of Standard Implementation

6.5.1.1 The relevant regulations of HJ 945.2 can be referred to, and the environmental benefit analysis of standard implementation for existing enterprises and newly-built enterprises can be carried out.

Calculate the emission reduction of pollutants brought about by the implementation of the standard.

6.5.1.2 Based on the survey results of pollution source emissions in the river basin, combined with the emission reduction of pollutants brought about by the implementation of the standard, calculate the pollution source of the river basin Expected emissions.

6.5.2 Calculation of allowable emissions in the basin

6.5.2.1 Refer to the relevant calculation method in HJ 2.3, and adopt the applicable model method to establish the response relationship between the pollution load and the water quality of the receiving water body.

Department, calculate the theoretical allowable emissions of the basin.

6.5.2.2 A certain safety margin shall be set, and the allowable discharge amount of the basin shall be calculated. Safety margin can use model uncertainty analysis method to be sure, a certain percentage (usually 5% to 10%) of the total pollutant distribution can be set as a safety margin according to management requirements.

6.5.2.3 Compare the expected emissions of pollution sources in the basin calculated in 6.5.1.2 with the allowable emissions of the river basin to meet the allowable emissions the implementation of water pollutant discharge standards in the river basin can effectively improve the water environment quality of the river basin. Those that do not meet the allowable emission requirements, still

8 It is necessary to further carry out analysis of pollution reduction, reclaimed water utilization and ecological capacity increase, and propose measures and requirements.

6.5.3 Analysis of pollution reduction and ecological capacity increase and requirements for measures

6.5.3.1 Through the implementation of the pollutant discharge permit system, the feasibility analysis of further tightening the permit emission of point sources.

6.5.3.2 Feasibility analysis and recommendations for measures to strengthen the prevention and control of non-point source pollution in the basin and reduce the discharge of water pollutants.

6.5.3.3 Increase the water ecological environment protection measures through the use of reclaimed water, protection of ecological flow, construction of artificial wetlands, and establishment of buffer zones.

Feasibility analysis and suggestions for measures to increase environmental water capacity.

7 The main content of the standard text structure and compilation instructions

7.1 Standard text structure

7.1.1 The text structure of the river basin water pollutant discharge standard shall be compiled with reference to the relevant regulations in HJ 945.2.

7.2.2 Scope of application

7.2.2.1 The scope of the administrative area to which the water pollutant discharge standards of the river basin is applicable shall be clarified, and the basic basis for determining the river basin and area shall be explained.

7.2.2.2 The pollutant items controlled by the river basin water pollutant discharge standard should be clarified, and only the pollutants that exceed the standard and the existence of excessive pollutants can be controlled.

Risky pollutants can also control other characteristic pollutants. The basic considerations for the selection and determination of control items should be explained.

7.2.2.3 The industries, processes, products, and scales controlled by the water pollutant discharge standards of the river basin shall be clarified, and only key pollution sources may be controlled.

It can also control general pollution sources and explain the basic basis for determining the control objects.

7.2.3 Water pollutant discharge control requirements

7.2.3.1 The analysis of the water environment of the river basin and the basis for the management and control of different regions. It should be combined with the water system and the water function requirements of the basin to explain the area the reasons for the management and control of different areas, for the establishment of buffer zones, the basis for setting and scope determination of buffer zones should be explained. Water environment should be given the status analysis process mainly analyzes the identification basis of water quality exceeding standard pollutants, with exceeding standard risk, and other characteristic pollutants.

7.2.3.2 According to the analysis of the emission reduction potential of various pollution sources and the determination of key pollution sources. The survey results of various pollution sources Analysis of the application status of pollution prevention technology, relevant planning, and basic information such as advanced pollution prevention technology and control measures in domestic and foreign industries, and list the process of emission reduction potential analysis and the basis for determining key pollutio...