HJ 624-2011Technical guideline for assessment on environmental risk of alien species (English PDF)

2.1 Alien species alien species

Occur outside their natural past or present distribution and diffusion potential range of species, subspecies or less free single Yuan, including all the species likely to survive partial reproduction, gametes, or propagules.

2.2 Invasive alien species invasive alien species

In the local natural or semi-natural ecosystems in the formation of self-regeneration, or it may have on the ecological environment, green Production or life or significant damage caused by alien species adversely affected.

2.3 Native species native species

It appears within its natural range in the past or present and potential diffusion range of species, subspecies or less free single yuan.

2.4 rely on artificial breeding of alien species alien species dependent on humans being for their survival We need to establish populations or spread of alien species through artificial breeding measures.

2.5 Risk assessment risk assessment

To require decisions based on science to uncertain events or the results of the process logic.

2.6 Introduction

Alien species transferred by human activities beyond its natural range and scope of past or present potential proliferation of regional the process of.

2.7 Intends to introduce intentional introduction

Because agricultural production, ecological environment renovation and restoration, landscaping, ornamental and release purposes, consciously introduced the process of alien species.

2.8 Unintentional introduction unintentional introduction

In trade, transport, tourism and other activities, with the flow of goods and people through the unintentional introduction of alien species Away.

2.9 Establishing a population establishment

Alien species in a new habitat successfully bred fertile offspring and have a process of continuous survival possibilities.

2.10 Diffusion spread

Alien species from one habitat to another habitat process.

2.11 Biodiversity

Living organisms from all sources of variability, these sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems Ecological complexes and posed like this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

2.12 Ecological harm ecological hazard

It refers to the adverse impact of invasive alien species on ecosystem composition, structure and function generated.

2.13 Prevention

Prevent the occurrence of invasive alien species risk events.

2.14 Monitoring

Invasive alien species populations and damage objects in successive surveys in order to grasp the changes in their ecological impact.

2.15 Control

Use measures of chemical, biological, artificial, mechanical, ecological alternative and comprehensive utilization of suppression, containment or eradication of the exotic Invasive species populations.

3.1 Assessment of the content

Assess whether the implementation of planning and construction projects may cause ecological harm caused by alien species, alien species from the environment safe the whole point of view to assess the feasibility of planning and construction project implementation.

3.2 Basic Principles

3.2.1 The precautionary principle in the absence of sufficient scientific evidence to prove that the proposed introduction of alien species without risk, it should be assumed that alien species may have risk. Intentional introduction of alien species, even if it can not prove the existence of the risk, they should first test after the promotion, and gradually expand Scale use.

3.2.2 Gradual assessment principles

We should follow the steps risk identification, risk assessment and risk management, as the case gradually carry out the environmental risk assessment estimate.

3.2.3 Basic principles and requirements for specialized methods of combining

Environmental risk assessment of alien species there are common rules, this standard to evaluate all groups to put forward the basic Demand; the same time, taking into account the differences between different groups of assessment methods, in addition to the basic requirements of the assessment methods of each group were done Special provisions.

3.3 Assess the scope

In principle, the planning and building projects based on comprehensive consideration of the planning and implementation of construction projects that may affect Fan Need special protection zone around the base and the surrounding nature reserve on reasonable determination of extended range.

3.4 Work program

Assessments are generally divided into three stages (Figure 1). the first phase of preparation before the assessment, collection letters assess the scope of the foundation Interest rates, intended to determine the alien species assessed, to decide whether to conduct a risk assessment; the second phase of the risk assessment, analysis cited Into established natural populations, the degree of diffusion of the possibility and ecological impact; the third phase concluded that an optimization program or alternatives.

1 alien species environmental risk assessment technology roadmap the need for a risk assessment Site survey data collection and analysis expert advice Determine the scope of the assessment Evaluate the start Analysis of the economic state of the environment, the introduction of way, bio Basic information science features, control and damages etc.

Determining the outer intends to assess to species list the first stage Assess Before ready the possibility of introducing the possibility of natural populations Diffusion possibility Ecological Risk second stage risk Assess End Assessment Planning and construction of the project is feasible, Proposed optimization program are the risks predictable and comprehensive judgment is acceptable or it is unable to predict or it is unable to predict is impossible to predict whether or or it is unable to predict third stage in conclusion and build Planning and construction projects can not OK, put forward alternatives

4.1 Collect basic information

Environmental Assessment 4.1.1 Economic Situation range Agriculture, forestry, tourism within the scope of the investigation to assess the current situation and ecosystems, focusing on the investigation focused on the protection of wildlife Objects, rare and endangered species, economically important species and species distributions and ecosystem service functions.

4.1.2 Ways of introduction of alien species

Analysis of the planning and construction project implementation process may Ways introduction of alien species, including the introduction of alien species, Traditional Education, processing, trade and transport, presented a preliminary list of possible introduction of alien species, and to pay attention to determine whether foreign matter Species.

4.1.3 Biological characteristics of alien species

Collection of biological information 4.1.2 alien species, including the name, taxonomic status and features of reproductive material class Type and number, country of origin, habitat, breeding conditions, the diffusion pathway, existing and potential distribution.

4.1.4 The control status of alien species

4.1.2 The survey of alien species included in China and international organizations, the name of invasive alien species in other countries or regions Case record, quarantine pests, or other dangerous pests such as pest lists.

4.1.5 Existing alien species risk assessment

4.1.2 collect alien species existing risk assessment report, which analyzes the object assessment, conclusions, recommendations and other prevention and control information.

4.1.6 Hazard alien species

4.1.2 collect ecological hazard of alien species and control information.

4.2 Determine the list of proposed assessment of alien species

An assessment of 4.1 to obtain a comprehensive analysis of the range of background information, and biological characteristics of known hazards and other information, to determine the list of alien species proposed assessment. Such as alien species can not establish a natural population in the local area, but by production measures can it may establish and maintain the population and cause ecological harm, they should assess their introduction, diffusion and risks of ecological harm.

4.3 to decide whether to conduct a risk assessment Appraisal target one of the following circumstances, no risk assessment can be directly concluded otherwise deal with its Risk assessment.

(1) in the same or similar geographical, climatic and biological environment, the alien species had been effective assessment Estimates, and the other main factors influencing the invasion did not change significantly, with reference to previous evaluation results concluded;

(2) there is sufficient evidence that invasive alien species, though, but in the scope of the assessment has been widely distributed and made Into ecological harm, implementation planning and construction projects will not lead to a significant expansion of alien species invasion and aggravated ecological harm from Alien species environmental safety point of view, the planning and construction of the project is feasible.

5.2 Establish assess the possibility of natural populations

5.2.1 Basic requirements

Reliance on artificial breeding of alien species, which do not need to assess the possibility of establishing natural populations, or should consider the following factor.

(1) appropriate habitat and distribution of alien species survival;

(2) the ability to adapt to alien species and resistance;

(3) ability to reproduce alien species;

(4) the completion of other alien species and other species grow and reproduce critical life history stages necessary;

(5) in favor of alien species to establish populations in the human factor.

5.2.2 Plant

(1) assess the scope and origin of climatic similarity;

(2) whether the asexual reproduction;

(3) can be self-pollinated;

(4) the need for specific pollinators;

(5) can produce fertile seeds and germination rate;

(6) can be a natural hybrid;

(7) the length of the life cycle;

(8) shade tolerance;

(9) the ability of anti-poor soils.

5.2.3 Animals

(1) assess the scope and origin of climatic similarity;

(2) ability to produce offspring (as fertile eggs);

(3) whether there is a similar food conditions;

(4) whether the feeding strategy with a wide range of adaptability;

(5) the ability to reproduce the intensity (mode of reproduction, reproductive cycle, sex ratio, reproductive strategy of elasticity);

(6) within the scope of the assessment of alien species can meet the complete life cycle of special needs (such as the type of spawning grounds or condition).

5.2.4 Microorganisms

(1) assess the scope and origin of climatic similarity;

(2) host species and distribution.

5.3 Assess the likelihood of proliferation

5.3.1 Basic requirements

(1) diffusion of alien species own ability;

(2) the presence or absence of natural barriers to prevent the spread of alien species;

(3) the impact of human activities on the proliferation.

5.3.2 Plant

(1) the size of the seed yield and germination;

(2) whether the seed organ or structure to adapt to long-distance propagation (wings, assassination hook, air bags, etc.);

(3) whether the portable seed propagation of mimicry;

(4) the possibility of accidental or deliberate spread of humanity;

(5) is the possibility of zoonotic or other birds;

(6) is the possibility of the spread of natural forces of water and wind.

5.3.3 Animals

(1) Are easy to escape from isolation;

(2) exercise capacity (migration,,, etc.);

Natural and man-made obstacles (3) may be encountered during the movement, environmental change and the ability to tolerate environmental changes;

(4) the possibility of accidental or deliberate spread of humanity;

(5) is the possibility of the spread of natural forces such as wind and currents.

5.3.4 Microorganisms

(1) dissemination activities of the mediator;

(2) The possibility of human being intentionally or unintentionally spread;

(3) the possibility of the spread of water, wind and other natural forces.

5.4 Ecological impact assessment

5.4.1 Basic requirements

(1) Environmental hazards. loss of important native species and natural ecosystem services caused;

(2) economic hazards. loss of agroforestry, trade, transport, tourism and other industries caused;

Control (3) hazard. the invasion of alien species can be controlled, to detect the difficulty and cost.

5.4.2 Plant

(1) Have parasitic on other plants;

(2) whether or coverage was climbing the growth and form dense thickets;

(3) Have spines or Allelochemicals;

(4) whether the toxicity to humans or animals;

(5) whether becoming known host of pests and pathogens;

(6) Are easy to cause a fire in natural ecosystems;

And cost effectiveness and safety (7) chemical control and other management measures, chemical control and other management measures tolerance Sex.

5.4.3 Animals

Economic importance of the environment (1) damage the object;

(2) whether the ferocious aggressive;

(3) whether or not to compete with native animals for food and space;

(4) whether feeding or other acts to reduce habitat quality native species;

(5) whether it will become a human or other host animal diseases;

(6) As living proof effect thereof, the level of specificity of the target object;

(7) the presence or absence of natural enemies;

And cost effectiveness and safety (8) chemical control and other management measures, chemical control and other management measures tolerance Sex.

5.4.4 Microorganisms

Economic importance of the environment (1) damage the object;

(2) as a living proof effect thereof, the level of specificity of the target object;

And cost effectiveness and safety (3) chemical control and other management measures, chemical control and other management measures tolerance Sex.