GB/Z 172-2026Guidelines for safety requirements of fuel cell electric motorcycles and mopeds (English PDF)
燃料电池电动摩托车和燃料电池电动轻便摩托车安全要求指南
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Issued by
SAMR; SAC
Level / Type
National · Recommended
Issue date
April 30, 2026
Implementation date
April 30, 2026
Scope
GB/Z 172-2026 is the English-translated version of 燃料电池电动摩托车和燃料电池电动轻便摩托车安全要求指南.
This document provides guidance and recommendations on the safety requirements and the test methods for fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cell electric mopeds. This document applies to fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cell electric mopeds that use a hydrogen fuel cell as their sole or principal source of power, hereinafter referred to as the vehicle except where stated otherwise.
Document preview — GB/Z 172-2026
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
- ICS
- 43.140
- Classification
- T 80
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of China
Contents
- 4 General Principles
- 5 Design and Manufacturing Principles
- 6 Factors to be considered for electrical safety
- 7 Factors to Consider for Hydrogen Safety
- 7.2 Vehicle-wide hydrogen leakage
- 7.5 Hydrogen replenishment and discharge
- 9 Signs and warnings
- 11 Test Methods
- 11.3 Hydrogen Leakage Test in Pipelines
- 11.4 Hydrogen Leakage Alarm Device Test
Foreword
This document is a standard or guiding technical document. This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part
1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents". Drafting. Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC114). This document was drafted by: Shanghai Motor Vehicle Inspection and Certification Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Panye Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Company, Chongqing Zongshen New Energy Development Co., Ltd., Ninebot (Changzhou) Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Jiahua Hydrogen Energy Equipment Co., Ltd., Mingzhen Industrial Holdings Group Co., Ltd., Loncin General Power Co., Ltd., Qingdao Yangqing Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai Jieqing Technology Co., Ltd. The company, Anhui Tomorrow New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Yuntao Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd., and China Merchants Vehicle Testing Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Company, Tianjin Motorcycle Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Beijing JZ Hezhong Technology Co., Ltd., Lima Vehicle Industry Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Benbao Vehicle Industry Co., Ltd. Limited Liability Company, Changchun Automotive Vocational and Technical University, and Zhejiang Zuanbao Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this document are. Yuan Runzhou, Dong Hui, Yuan Honggen, Zhang Zhiying, Deng Fei, Ruan Youxi, Wang Teng, Xu Tao, Yang Xi, Huo Liang, and Zhong Leifang. Fan Jie, Zhai Zhenyu, Xu Jiantao, Chen Yimin, Liang Lizhi, Li Dongbing, Zhang Gang, Wang Luhua. Fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cells Safety Requirements Guidelines for Electric Mopeds
1.Scope This document provides guidance on safety requirements and test methods for fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cell electric mopeds. suggestion. This document applies to fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cell electric vehicles that use hydrogen fuel cells as a single or primary power source. Moped (unless otherwise specified, hereinafter referred to as "vehicle").
4 General Principles
Fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cell electric mopeds are classified as a type of electric motorcycle and electric moped. The safety requirements for fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cells should include all applicable provisions of GB 24155-2020, and should specifically address fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cells. The characteristics of electric mopeds have been supplemented and revised, including design and manufacturing principles, factors to be considered in electrical safety requirements, and operational safety. Factors to be considered, markings and warnings, and testing methods. In addition, fuel cell electric motorcycles and fuel cell electric mopeds... Compared to electric motorcycles and electric mopeds, the main differences in their power systems are the addition of a fuel cell system and a hydrogen supply system. For the parts involving safety, safety requirements should be proposed for these two parts and the related structures and functions.
5 Design and Manufacturing Principles
Safety risks should be fully considered during the design and manufacturing process of vehicles to avoid the following malfunctions or accidents during use.
a) The heat generated by the fuel cell and its electrical components could cause combustion, explosion, or burns.
b) Hazards of fire or electric shock caused by improper or mishandling;
c) Personal injury caused by breakage, loosening, deformation, or interference of movement of the vehicle or its components.
6 Factors to be considered for electrical safety
6.1 Protection against electric shock from live parts The electric shock protection scheme for the live parts of the vehicle is proposed with reference to the content described in
4.2.2 of GB 24155-2020, and it is advisable to include the fuel cell system. It is incorporated into the vehicle's energized components as a Class B voltage circuit.
6.2 Fuel Cell System The safety design of fuel cell systems includes the following principles.
a) Avoid the risk of fire and mechanical deterioration due to improper use;
b) Avoid situations that may cause external damage, such as flames or molten metal, during operation;
c) The casing of the fuel cell system should be reliably grounded;
d) It is very important to configure overheat and short circuit protection devices.
7 Factors to Consider for Hydrogen Safety
7.1 Vehicle hydrogen emission concentration The test should be conducted according to the test method described in 11.1.During vehicle operation (including starting and stopping), the flatness within any consecutive 3 seconds should be measured. The average hydrogen emission integral should not exceed 4%, and the instantaneous hydrogen emission integral should not exceed 8%.
7.2 Vehicle-wide hydrogen leakage
7.2.1 Leakage inside the vehicle For hydrogen leakage in vehicles with a driver's cab, please refer to the description in section
4.1.2.1 of GB/T 24549-2020.
7.2.2 Leakage outside the vehicle For vehicles using gaseous hydrogen storage, it is advisable to refer to Appendix A of GB/T 24549-2020 for instructions on hydrogen storage in a confined space. When conducting hydrogen leakage tests, it is advisable that the integral of hydrogen gas measured at any given time does not exceed 1%. For vehicles using solid-state hydrogen storage, it is advisable to use a hydrogen concentration detector to monitor the hydrogen storage device outlet, vehicle body pipe joints, and fuel tank. The battery system's air intake connection should be inspected (avoiding the fuel cell system's exhaust period), and a leaked hydrogen concentration of less than 0.05 per mille is appropriate.
7.3 Pressure Relief System The safety of a vehicle's pressure relief system should refer to the description in section
4.2.2 of GB/T 24549-2020.
7.4 Functions of the Hydrogen Leakage Alarm Device The function of the hydrogen leak alarm device in the vehicle should refer to the description in section
4.2.5 of GB/T 24549-2020.
7.5 Hydrogen replenishment and discharge
7.5.1 Hydrogen replenishment using solid-state hydrogen storage devices The following principles apply when using solid-state hydrogen storage devices for hydrogen replenishment.
a) The vehicle is refueled by replacing the solid-state hydrogen storage device or by removing the solid-state hydrogen storage device;
b) The vehicle is designed to ensure that no hydrogen gas is released during the connection and disconnection of the solid-state hydrogen storage device from the vehicle. leakage.
7.5.2 Hydrogen replenishment using a gaseous hydrogen storage device During hydrogen refueling using a gaseous hydrogen storage device, the vehicle must not move using its own drive system, and the following principles must be followed.
a) The vehicle is refueled with hydrogen via a hydrogen refueling port;
b) It is very important that the hydrogenation port meets the relevant requirements of GB/T 26779;
c) The hydrogen filling port has a dust cover to prevent the ingress of dust, liquids, and contaminants. The fuel type for the hydrogen filling port is indicated next to the dust cover. Type, nominal working pressure, and expiration date of hydrogen storage cylinder.
7.5.3 Hydrogen emission For purposes such as vehicle maintenance or repair, vehicles should have the function of safely discharging residual hydrogen.
7.6 Structure and Location The design of vehicle structure and location includes the following principles.
a) In the design and installation of vehicles, avoid components such as hydrogen storage devices, hydrogen pipelines and valves, fuel cell systems, and power batteries from being damaged in the vehicle. In the event of a vehicle tipping over, it is crucial that it makes direct contact with the ground.
b) For vehicles using gaseous hydrogen storage, the installation location and height of the hydrogen refueling port should take into account safety protection and ease of hydrogen refueling operation.
7.7 Safety of Hydrogen Storage Units and Piping The safety design of hydrogen storage devices should include the following principles.
a) Hydrogen storage devices employing solid-state hydrogen storage are described in GB/T 44399;
b) Hydrogen storage devices employing gaseous hydrogen storage are described in GB/T 35544 or GB/T 42612;
9 Signs and warnings
9.1 Protective covers for fuel cell systems containing Class B voltage, power batteries, and easily accessible Class B voltage components shall be clearly marked in a visible location. Note the clear and robust high-voltage warning/electric shock hazard sign described in
4.4.1 of GB 24155-2020.
9.2 Hydrogen energy symbols, such as the "H2" symbol, should be prominently displayed on the vehicle.
10 Instruction Manual The instruction manual specifically specifies the special requirements for the use and maintenance of fuel cell electric motorcycles or fuel cell electric mopeds, avoiding... To prevent accidental operation by customers during use, the following should be included.
a) The first page of the instruction manual states, "Please read the instruction manual carefully before use. If you do not understand fuel cell electric motorcycles or fuel cell electric light vehicles..." Please do not use this vehicle before considering its features. b)
Note. "If the fuel cell system or power source fails, or the charging/hydrogen supply system malfunctions, please visit a service center designated by the manufacturer." Replacement and repair;
c) Correct usage and maintenance methods for electric motors, controllers, power batteries, and fuel cell systems;
d) Correct usage of chargers and hydrogen storage systems;
e) Driver requirements;
f) Vehicle safety operating procedures, including the operating environment;
g) Parking requirements for vehicles;
h) Emergency safety procedures;
i) Description of locations unsuitable for driving (if any);
j) Requirements for special cleaning conditions (if any).
11 Test Methods
11.1 Vehicle Hydrogen Emission Test The test should be conducted in accordance with the test method described in
6.1 of GB/T 37154-2018.
11.2 Vehicle Hydrogen Leakage Test For vehicles using gaseous hydrogen storage, refer to Appendix A of GB/T 24549-2020 for instructions on conducting tests in a confined space. Hydrogen leak test. For vehicles using solid-state hydrogen storage, it is advisable to use a hydrogen concentration detector to monitor the hydrogen storage device outlet, vehicle body pipe joints, and fuel tank. Inspect the air intake connection of the battery system (avoiding the period when the fuel cell system is venting).
11.3 Hydrogen Leakage Test in Pipelines
11.3.1 The location of hydrogen leak detection has a significant impact on the test. Methods
11.3.3 should be used to assess the potential for hydrogen leaks in the fuel pipeline. Inspections were conducted on the proximity components, with a focus on leak detection at joints. For the piping between the hydrogen storage unit and the fuel cell stack, leak detection was performed. The measured pressure is the actual operating pressure. For the pipeline between the hydrogen filling port and the hydrogen storage unit, the leak detection pressure is
1.25 times the nominal pressure. Work pressure.
11.3.2 Visual inspection using leak detection fluid; no bubbles should appear within 3 minutes.
11.3.3 When using a gas detector, get as close as possible to the measurement site.
11.4 Hydrogen Leakage Alarm Device Test
11.4.1 Test Vehicle Start the vehicle's fuel cell system and preheat it to the temperature at which the vehicle operates normally. The vehicle is now stationary.
11.4.2 Test Gas Choose an appropriate hydrogen concentration based on the vehicle manufacturer's requirements, with a volume fraction not exceeding 4%.
11.4.3 Test Preparation The test should not be affected by wind. To blow the test gas into the hydrogen leak detection sensor, the following measures may be taken if necessary.
a) Connect the test gas release hose to the hydrogen leak detection sensor;
b) Cover the hydrogen leak detection sensor with a cover to keep the gas around the hydrogen leak detection sensor.
11.4.4 Test Procedure The hydrogen leak alarm function verification shall be carried out according to the following test steps.
a) Test gas was blown into the hydrogen leak detection sensor;
b) When the concentration reaches the level required by the vehicle manufacturer to issue a warning, the alarm device should issue a warning signal;
c) When the required hydrogen supply concentration for shutdown as specified by the vehicle manufacturer is reached, the main shut-off valve should preferably close, and power supply to the main shut-off valve can be restored. Monitor the sound of its operation to confirm that the valve has been closed.
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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 24 pages — is available in the English PDF.
Referenced standards
Normative references
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Related Standards
GB 24155-2020 — Safety specifications for electric motorcycles and electric mopeds
GB/T 24548-2009 — Fuel cell electric vehicles - Terminology
GB/T 24549-2020 — Fuel cell electric vehicles—Safety requirements
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GB/Z 172-2026
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