GB/T 51452-2024Standard for engineering technology of municipal solid waste incineration and energy utilization (English PDF)

1 General provisions

1.0.1 The document was drawn up so that waste treatment is made harmless, reduced in quantity and turned to resource use, and to regulate the planning, design and construction of municipal solid waste incineration plants, called incineration plants for short below.

1.0.2 It applies to the design, construction and acceptance of municipal solid waste incineration and energy utilization works that are newly built, extended or rebuilt.

1.0.3 The choice of the capacity of the incineration plant and of the process and technical route shall be settled reasonably according to the social and economic development of the city, the master plan of the city, the specialised plan for environmental sanitation, the amount of waste produced and the change in its characteristics, the environmental protection requirements and the applicability of the incineration technology.

1.0.4 The construction of the incineration plant shall use advanced, mature and reliable technology and equipment, so that the incineration process and technology are advanced, the running reliable, the emissions within the limits, the operation safe and hygienic, the land use economical, the maintenance convenient, the economics reasonable and the management scientific. The heat produced by waste incineration shall be turned to full use.

1.0.5 Apart from the provisions of this standard, the planning, design and construction of the incineration plant shall also comply with the relevant provisions of the national standards currently in force.

2 Terms

2.0.1 waste incinerator - equipment that treats waste by the method of high temperature oxidation; called incinerator for short.

2.0.2 low heat value (LHV) - heat given off when unit mass of waste is burnt completely, the combustion products being brought back to the temperature and pressure state of the waste before the reaction and the heat absorbed by the vaporisation of the water in it being deducted; called low heat value for short.

2.0.3 low heat value for design - calculated value of the low heat value of the waste adopted in the design in order to settle the rated treatment capacity of the incinerator and the rated evaporation of the incineration boiler; called design low heat value for short.

2.0.4 rated waste treatment capacity of incineration plant - maximum daily average amount of waste incinerated by the incineration plant when the plant runs continuously and the several indices reach the requirements laid down, at the design low heat value of the waste, based on the present state and the pattern of change of the amount of municipal solid waste produced within the service area and the service life of the plant; called incineration plant capacity for short.

2.0.5 rated waste treatment capacity of incinerator - maximum daily average amount of waste incinerated by the incinerator when it runs continuously and the several indices reach the requirements laid down, at the design low heat value of the waste; called incinerator capacity or incinerator rated treatment capacity for short.

2.0.6 maximum continuous rating (MCR) - steam output that the incineration boiler can attain running continuously over a long period at the rated steam pressure, the rated steam temperature and the rated feed water temperature, using waste of the design low heat value and under the conditions of the rated treatment capacity.

2.0.7 upper limit LHV of waste - highest low heat value of the waste at which the incinerator can run normally and continuously.

2.0.8 lower limit LHV of waste - lowest low heat value of the waste at which the incinerator can run normally and continuously.

2.0.9 furnace main temperature control area - space of the furnace chamber, after the section of the last secondary air nozzle, in which the flue gas temperature can be held above 850 °C under any operating condition and the residence time of the flue gas is greater than or equal to 2 s.

2.0.10 grate heat release rate - heat released by waste incineration per unit area of grate and per unit time.

2.0.11 mass load of grate - amount of waste incinerated per unit area of grate and per unit time.

2.0.12 combustion chamber volume heat release rate - heat released by waste incineration per unit volume of furnace chamber and per unit time.

2.0.13 incineration line - collective name for all the equipment and facilities provided to carry out the incineration treatment of the waste, for feeding, incineration, heat exchange, flue gas cleaning, slag discharge and removal, and monitoring and supervision.

2.0.14 slag - collective name for the residue discharged from the slag outlet of the incinerator during the waste incineration process and the boiler ash discharged from below the heating surface of the boiler.

2.0.15 boiler ash - solid matter discharged from the lower part of the heating surface of the incineration boiler.

2.0.16 fly ash - powdery solid matter discharged from the flue gas cleaning system, including the ash discharged from the reaction tower, the dust collector, the flue and the bottom of the chimney.

2.0.17 residual - solid residue produced after waste incineration, that is, the collective name for slag and fly ash.

2.0.18 riddlings - solid matter that leaks down through the gaps of the incinerator grate.

2.0.19 fly ash stabilify - process by which, through the addition of certain stabilising substances or the use of a suitable treatment process, the heavy metals in the fly ash are made stable and a given leaching toxicity requirement is met. (The English gloss is printed as fly ash stabilify; see the note on the printed English wording.)

2.0.20 thermal efficiency of waste incineration boiler - ratio of the useful heat output by the incineration boiler to the total heat input.

2.0.21 loss on ignition - percentage that the mass lost on ignition represents of the mass of the dried sample, where the residual is sampled and the sample prepared by the method and steps laid down, the sample taken is dried and then ignited at the temperature and for the time laid down.

2.0.22 dioxins - collective name for chemical substances such as polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).

Status of this standard and relationship to previous standards

Announcement No. 227 of 2024 of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, dated 26 December 2024 and reproduced in the front matter, approves the Standard for engineering technology of municipal solid waste incineration and energy utilization as a national standard numbered GB/T 51452-2024, to take effect on 1 May 2025. The prefix GB/T makes it a recommended standard. The same announcement states that the former trade standard CJJ 90-2009 Technical code for projects of municipal solid waste incineration was abolished at the same time. The front matter of this copy carries no supersession line of the kind that names a replaced code, so no superseded code is recorded in the edition field.

The foreword states that the standard was drawn up under the notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issuing the 2014 work plan for the drawing up and revision of engineering construction standards (Jianbiao [2013] No. 169) and under the letter of the Standards and Quotas Department of the Ministry agreeing to adjustments concerning the technical code for municipal solid waste incineration projects (Jianbiaobiaobian [2014] No. 108). Its main technical content covers general provisions; terms; basic requirements; site selection; capacity of the incineration plant; overall design and general layout transportation; receiving, conveying, storing and pretreatment of waste; the incineration system; the thermal energy utilization system; the flue gas cleaning and exhaust system; electrical equipment and systems; instrumentation and control; water supply and drainage; architecture; structure; heating, ventilation and air conditioning; fire fighting; other auxiliary facilities; environmental protection and labour hygiene; and construction and acceptance of the works. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development administers it. It was drawn up chiefly by China Urban Construction Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. and China Wuzhou Engineering Group Co., Ltd.

Note on the printed English title and contents

The English title on the cover and title page of this copy is printed as Standard for engineering technology of municipal solid waste incineration and energy utilazation. Utilazation is a typing error for utilization, and the title above carries the corrected spelling. Nothing else in the printed title has been altered.

The English contents pages of this copy carry a number of further typing errors, corrected in the table of contents above and listed here as they are printed: Forcaste for Forecast in 5.1; Worshop for Workshop in 6.1; Planing for Planning in 6.2; Tranportation for Transportation in 6.4; Utilazation for Utilization in the heading of Chapter 9; Colection for Collection in 10.8; Autometic for Automatic in 11.8; Groud for Ground in 12.14; Comservation for Conservation in 14.4; and Structurual for Structural in 15.3. Three headings whose English reads as a broken phrase have likewise been set right and are printed as follows: Capacity Determine of Incineration Plant in the heading of Chapter 5 and in 5.2, Afforest of plant area in 6.5, Maintain and Warehousing Facilities in 18.2, Occupation Health and Labor Hygiene in 19.3, Engineering construction and examine in 20.2, and Switch Box for Maintain in the heading of Appendix A.

The English gloss printed against term 2.0.19 is fly ash stabilify, where the Chinese term is the one for fly ash stabilisation. This is terminology as the issuing body printed it and it has been reproduced unaltered above, with the printed form flagged in the clause itself.

The English heading of Chapter 6 diverges from the Chinese. The English contents read Layout for Road and Transportation in Plant Area, while the Chinese heading named in the foreword is overall design and general layout transportation, of which road and transportation in the plant area is only the subject of clause 6.4. The table of contents above reproduces the printed English heading and the divergence is left as it stands in the document.

What the pages of this copy cover

The pages available for this copy are the cover, the title page, the ministerial announcement, the foreword with the lists of drafters and reviewers, the last page of the Chinese contents, the complete English contents, and printed pages 1 to 4 of the body. The table of contents above is taken from the English contents pages, which are complete and carry the page number of every entry.

Only Chapter 1, general provisions, and Chapter 2, terms, fall within the body pages available, and only their text is reproduced above. Chapters 3 to 20 and Appendices A to E are listed in the table of contents by their printed headings and page numbers; no text of them is reproduced, since none of their pages is among those available.