GB/T 4960.8-2025Glossary of nuclear science and technology — Part 8: Radioactive waste management (English PDF)

Foreword

This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents" Drafting.

This document is Part 8 of GB/T 4960 “Terms of Nuclear Science and Technology”. GB/T 4960 has been published in the following parts.

— Part 1: Nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry;

— Part 2: Fission reactors;

— Part 3: Nuclear fuel and nuclear fuel cycle;

— Part 4: Radionuclides;

— Part 5: Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources;

— Part 6: Nuclear instrumentation;

— Part 7: Nuclear Material Control and Nuclear Safeguards;

— Part 8: Radioactive waste management;

— Part 9: Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion.

This document replaces GB/T 4960.8-2008 “Nuclear Science and Technology Terminology - Radioactive Waste Management” and is consistent with GB/T 4960.8-2008.

In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.

— Added waste characteristics investigation (see 3.3), waste recovery (see 3.12), effluent monitoring (see 3.20), clean release (see 3.23), Containment system (see 3.28), area survey (see 3.30), site determination (see 3.32), organic waste (see 4.4), combustible waste (see 4.5), compressible waste (see 4.6), very short-lived radioactive waste (see 4.7), natural radioactive waste (see 4.17), technical waste (see 4.21), decommissioning waste (see 4.23), diffuse waste (see 4.26), non-stationary pollution (see 5.3), stationary pollution (see 5.4), Strong fixed contamination (see 5.5), contaminated area (see 5.6), detergents (see 5.9), acid and alkali decontamination (see 5.10), redox decontamination (see 5.11), complex decontamination (see 5.12), mechanical decontamination (see 5.17), ultrasonic decontamination (see 5.20), laser decontamination (see 5.21), plasma Decontamination of daughter (see 5.22), aerosol atomization fixation decontamination (see 5.23), vacuum decontamination (see 5.24), concentration factor (see 5.38), desalination beds (see 5.43), membrane technology (see 5.48), microfiltration (see 5.49), nanofiltration (see 5.51), excess air incineration (see 5.62), controlled air incineration (see 5.63), supercritical water oxidation (see 5.68), fast reactor transmutation (see 5.69), microwave drying (see 5.71), cement solidified bodies (see 5.76), waste fixed bodies (see 5.77), fluidity (see 5.84), glass solidified bodies (see 5.87), glass solidified bodies (see 5.88), Glass ceramic curing (see 5.96), ceramic curing (see 5.97), artificial rock curing (see 5.98), curing formula (see 5.101), heat, etc.

Static pressure (see 5.105), thermal stability (see 5.121), waste package characteristics (see 6.2), effective filling factor (see 6.3), packaging capacity Containers (see 6.7), outer packaging containers (see 6.8), bulk containers (see 6.9), transport containers (see 6.11), disposal containers (see 6.12), spherical Graphite cast iron (see 6.14), sand surface (see 6.15), voids (see 6.16), notches (see 6.17), high-density polyethylene (see 6.18), cross High-density polyethylene (see 6.19), near-surface disposal facilities (see 7.5), medium-depth disposal facilities (see 7.6), geological disposal facilities disposal (see 7.7), underground laboratories (see 7.8), landfill disposal (see 7.9), medium-depth disposal (see 7.11), cave disposal (see 7.13), deep borehole treatment (see 7.14), isolation (see 7.22), thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling (see 7.26), treatment unit (see 7.27), Active monitoring period (see 7.30), safety process system analysis (see 7.31), stability (7.33), in-situ blasting leaching (see 8.5), Decommissioning (see 9.2), Decommissioning End-State Objectives (see 9.3), Nuclear Facility Decommissioning Strategy (see 9.4), Decommissioning Plan (see 9.5), Immediate Dismantling (see 9.6), delayed dismantling (see 9.7), source term investigation (see 9.8), decommissioning safety (see 9.9), underwater cutting (see 9.14), cold cutting (see 9.15), high-pressure water cutting (see 9.16), abrasive cutting (see 9.17), thermal cutting (see 9.18), laser cutting (see 9.19), etc.

Plasma cutting (see 9.20), overall lifting (see 9.21), site decontamination (see 9.23), radioactive residues (see 9.25), soil removal 98 terms and definitions including pollution (see 9.26), eradication (see 9.27), and decommissioning final state investigation (see 9.28);

— Changed radioactive waste (see 3.1, 2008 edition, 2.1), radioactive waste management (see 3.2, 2008 edition, 2.3), waste Pretreatment (see 3.4, 2008 edition, 2.4), waste classification (see 3.5, 2008 edition, 4.2), pollution (see 3.6, 2008 edition, 4.6 of the 2008 edition), decontamination (see 3.7, 4.7 of the 2008 edition), waste disposal (see 3.8, 2.5 of the 2008 edition), waste preparation (see 3.9, 2008 edition, 2.6), waste storage (see 3.10, 2008 edition, 7.9), pre-disposal management (see 3.11, 2008 edition, 8.1), waste disposal (see 3.13, 2.7 of the 2008 edition), waste minimization (see 3.14, 2.8 of the 2008 edition), waste inventory (See 3.15, 2008 edition, 2.11), radionuclide form (See 3.16, 2008 edition, 2.12), emission (See 3.17, 2008 Edition, 2.13), Dispersion (see 3.18, 2008 Edition, 2.14), Effluent (see 3.19, 2008 Edition, 2.15), Discharge Control values (see 3.21, 2008 edition 2.16), exemptions (see 3.22, 2008 edition 2.17), cleaning clearance levels (see 3.24, 2008 edition, 2.18), Environmental Remediation (see 3.25, 2008 edition, 2.21), Separation-Transmutation (see 3.26, 2008 edition, 2.20), Naturally occurring radioactive materials (see 3.27, 2008 edition, 2.22), Disposal site selection (see 3.29, 2008 edition, 8.11), Site characterization (see 3.31, 10.1 of the 2008 edition), radioactive gaseous waste (see 4.1, 3.1 of the 2008 edition), radioactive Liquid waste (see 4.2, 3.2 of the 2008 edition), radioactive solid waste (see 4.3, 3.3 of the 2008 edition), short-lived radioactive Waste (see 4.8, 3.7 of the 2008 edition), long-lived radioactive waste (see 4.9, 3.8 of the 2008 edition), very low-level radioactive waste Waste (see 4.10, 3.11 of the 2008 edition), low-level radioactive waste (see 4.11, 3.4 of the 2008 edition), intermediate-level radioactive waste Waste (see 4.12, 3.5 of the 2008 edition), high-level radioactive waste (see 4.13, 3.6 of the 2008 edition), alpha waste (see 4.14, 3.9 of the 2008 edition), transuranic waste (see 4.15, 3.10 of the 2008 edition), exempt waste (see 4.16, 3.12), mining and metallurgical wastes (see 4.18, 3.14 of the 2008 edition), associated radioactive wastes (see 4.19, 3.15 of the 2008 edition), industrial wastes Technology waste (see 4.20, 5.17 of the 2008 edition), nuclear technology application waste (see 4.22, 3.13 of the 2008 edition), simulated waste (see 4.24, 3.16 of the 2008 edition), secondary waste (see 4.25, 3.18 of the 2008 edition), wet waste (see 4.27, 3.22), dry waste (see 4.28, 3.23 of the 2008 edition), spent radioactive sources (see 4.29, 3.24 of the 2008 edition), waste sorting (see 5.1, 4.3 of the 2008 edition), waste modulation (see 5.2, 4.5 of the 2008 edition), hot spots (see 5.7, 4.9 of the 2008 edition), Decontamination factor (see 5.8, 4.8 of the 2008 edition), electrochemical decontamination (see 5.13, 11.3 of the 2008 edition), foam decontamination (see 5.14, 11.4 of the 2008 edition), gel decontamination (see 5.15, 11.5 of the 2008 edition), peelable film decontamination (see 5.16, 11.8 of the 2008 edition), high-pressure jet decontamination (see 5.18, 11.6 of the 2008 edition), smelting decontamination (see 5.19, 11.7), recycling (see 5.25, 11.9 of the 2008 edition), reuse (see 5.26, 11.10 of the 2008 edition), exhaust (see 5.27, 2008 Edition, 5.1), exhaust gas purification system (see 5.29, 2008 Edition, 5.3), high efficiency particulate air filter (see 5.30, 5.4 of the 2008 edition), iodine adsorber (see 5.31, 5.5 of the 2008 edition), filtration efficiency (see 5.32, 5.7 of the 2008 edition), Cryogenic adsorber (see 5.33, 5.11 of the 2008 edition), radioactive gas decay chamber (see 5.34, 5.12 of the 2008 edition), retention Bed (see 5.35, 5.13 of the 2008 edition), radioactive aerosols (see 5.36, 5.14 of the 2008 edition), steam residues (see 5.37, 2008 edition, 5.16), filtration (see 5.39, 2008 edition, 5.18), dehydration (see 5.40, 2008 edition, 5.19), denitrification (see 5.41, 5.20 of the 2008 edition), desalination (see 5.42, 5.21 of the 2008 edition), sedimentation (see 5.44, 5.24), precipitation (see 5.45, 5.25 of the 2008 edition), coprecipitation (see 5.46, 5.26 of the 2008 edition), flocculation (see 5.47, 2008 edition, 5.27), ultrafiltration (see 5.50, 2008 edition, 5.30), reverse osmosis (see 5.52, 2008 edition, 5.22), electroosmosis Analysis (see 5.53, 5.23 of the 2008 edition), Evaporation (see 5.54, 5.34 of the 2008 edition), Heat Pump (see 5.55, 5.35), ion exchange (see 5.56, 5.40 of the 2008 edition), volume reduction (see 5.57, 5.45 of the 2008 edition), volume reduction factor (see 5.58, 5.46 of the 2008 edition), compaction (see 5.59, 5.53 of the 2008 edition), incineration (see 5.60, 5.47 of the 2008 edition), Pyrolysis incineration (see 5.61, 5.48 of the 2008 edition), slag incineration (see 5.64, 5.49 of the 2008 edition), plasma melting (see 5.65, 5.50 of the 2008 edition), fluidized bed incineration (see 5.66, 5.51 of the 2008 edition), wet oxidation (see 5.67, 5.52 of the 2008 edition), microbiological treatment (see 5.70, 5.55 of the 2008 edition), fixation (see 5.72, 6.1 of the 2008 edition), solidification (see 5.73, 6.2 of the 2008 edition), cement solidification (see 5.74, 6.12 of the 2008 edition), waste forms (see 5.75, 6.6), curing in drums (see 5.78, 6.8 of the 2008 edition), curing outside drums (see 5.79, 6.9 of the 2008 edition), curing in place (see 5.80, 6.10 of the 2008 edition), base material (see 5.81, 6.11 of the 2008 edition), water-cement ratio (see 5.82, 6.13), water exudation (see 5.83, 6.15 of the 2008 edition), heat of hydration (see 5.85, 6.17 of the 2008 edition), glass curing (see 5.86, 6.23 of the 2008 edition), borosilicate glass solids (see 5.88, 6.24 of the 2008 edition), phosphate glass solids (See 5.89, 6.25 of the 2008 edition), Tank Molten Glass Solidification (See 5.90, 6.27 of the 2008 edition), Two-Step Metal Melting Furnace Induction heating glass solidification (see 5.91, 6.28 of the 2008 edition), Joule heating ceramic electric melting furnace glass solidification (see 5.92, 6.29 of the 2008 edition), cold crucible vitrification (see 5.93, 6.30 of the 2008 edition), in-situ vitrification (see 5.94, 2008 edition, 6.31), glass ceramics (see 5.95, 2008 edition, 6.38), geothermal technology (see 5.99, 2008 edition, 6.32), self-propagating high temperature synthesis (see 5.100, 6.33 of the 2008 edition), crystallization (see 5.102, 6.35 of the 2008 edition), yellow phase (see 5.103, 6.36 of the 2008 edition), calcination (see 5.104, 6.37 of the 2008 edition), waste containment rate (see 5.106, 6.42 of the 2008 edition), free liquid (see 5.107, 6.43 of the 2008 edition), freeze-thaw test (see 5.108, 5.33), compressive strength (see 5.109, 6.44 of the 2008 edition), durability (see 5.110, 6.45 of the 2008 edition), leaching test (see 5.111, 6.46 of the 2008 edition), leachant (see 5.112, 6.47 of the 2008 edition), leachate (see 5.113, 6.48 of the 2008 edition), leaching rate (see 5.114, 6.49 of the 2008 edition), normalized element leaching rate (see 5.115, 6.50), waste aging (see 5.118, 6.53 of the 2008 edition), swelling (see 5.119, 6.54 of the 2008 edition), radiation stabilization (see 5.120, 6.55 of the 2008 edition), radiolysis (see 5.122, 6.56 of the 2008 edition), radiolytic gases (see 5.123, 6.57 of the 2008 edition), biodegradation (see 5.124, 6.58 of the 2008 edition), waste packages (see 6.1, 7.1 of the 2008 edition), Packaging (see 6.4, 7.2 of the 2008 edition), waste containers (see 6.6, 7.4 of the 2008 edition), shielding containers (see 6.10, 7.7 of the 2008 edition), high integral containers (see 6.13, 7.8 of the 2008 edition), wet storage (see 6.20, 7.10 of the 2008 edition), dry storage Storage (see 6.21, 7.11 of the 2008 edition), storage decay (see 6.22, 7.15 of the 2008 edition), retrievability (see 6.23, 2008 Edition, 7.12), Waste Storage Tanks (see 6.24, 2008 Edition, 7.13), Waste Acceptance Criteria (see 7.1, 2008 Edition, 4.1), disposal system (see 7.2, 8.2 of the 2008 edition), disposal facility (see 7.3, 8.4 of the 2008 edition), very low level radioactivity Waste landfill (see 7.4, 8.3 of the 2008 edition), near surface disposal (see 7.10, 8.6 of the 2008 edition), deep geological disposal (see 7.12, 8.7 of the 2008 edition), hydraulic fracturing (see 7.15, 8.10 of the 2008 edition), radionuclide migration (see 7.16, 10.4), barriers (see 7.17, 8.12 of the 2008 edition), natural barriers (see 7.18, 8.13 of the 2008 edition), engineered barriers (see 7.19, 8.14 of the 2008 edition), multiple barriers (see 7.20, 8.15 of the 2008 edition), inclusion (see 7.21, 2.25), covering layer (see 7.23, 8.17 of the 2008 edition), cushioning material (see 7.24, 8.18 of the 2008 edition), backfill material (see 7.25, 8.20 of the 2008 edition), closure (see 7.28, 8.35 of the 2008 edition), organized control (see 7.29, 11.20), safety assessment (see 7.32, 10.12 of the 2008 edition), retardation (see 7.36, 10.5 of the 2008 edition), retardation factor (see 7.37, 10.6 of the 2008 edition), performance evaluation (see 7.38, 10.11 of the 2008 edition), scenarios (see 7.39, 10.14), natural analogue studies (see 7.40, 10.16 of the 2008 edition), waste rock (see 8.1, 9.2 of the 2008 edition), slag (see 8.2, 9.5 of the 2008 edition), uranium (thorium) tailings (slag) (see 8.3, 9.8 of the 2008 edition), tailings ponds (see 8.6, 9.9), tailings seepage (see 8.7, 9.10 of the 2008 edition), radon exhalation (see 8.8, 9.13 of the 2008 edition), radon exhalation rate (see 8.9, 9.14 of the 2008 edition), radon protection cover (see 8.10, 9.15 of the 2008 edition), tailings stabilization (see 8.11, 9.16 of the 2008 edition), decommissioning (see 9.1, 11.1 of the 2008 edition), safe storage (see 9.10, 11.2 of the 2008 edition), dismantling (see 9.11, 2008 edition 11.11), disassembly (see 9.12, 2008 edition 11.12), cutting (see 9.13, 2008 edition 11.13), demolition (see 9.22, 11.14 of the 2008 edition), removal (see 9.24, 11.15 of the 2008 edition), restricted opening or use 185 terms such as use (see 9.29, 11.18 of the 2008 edition), open or use without restriction (see 9.30, 11.19 of the 2008 edition) and definitions;

— Deleted the waste generation (see 2.2 of the 2008 edition), protection and safety optimization (see 2.9 of the 2008 edition), source items (see 2008 edition, 2.10), remedial actions (see 2008 edition, 2.19), technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive waste (see 2008 Edition, Section 2.23), Encapsulation (see 2008 Edition, Section 2.24), Waste Identification (see 2008 Edition, Section 2.26), Primary Waste (See 3.17 of the 2008 edition), activated waste (See 3.19 of the 2008 edition), mixed waste (See 3.21 of the 2008 edition), no longer Used source (see 3.25 of the 2008 edition), uncontrolled source (see 3.26 of the 2008 edition), compounder (see 5.8 of the 2008 edition), demisting (See 5.9 of the 2008 edition), entrainment (See 5.10 of the 2008 edition), regeneration waste liquid (See 5.15 of the 2008 edition), pre-coating Layer filter (see 5.28 of the 2008 edition), ultrafine filter (see 5.29 of the 2008 edition), mud (see 5.31), sludge (see 5.32 of the 2008 edition), compression evaporation device (see 5.36 of the 2008 edition), steam generator blowdown (see 5.37 of the 2008 edition), adsorption (see 5.38 of the 2008 edition), solvent purification (see 5.39 of the 2008 edition), waste resin (see 5.41 of the 2008 edition), diatomaceous earth (see 5.42 of the 2008 edition), vermiculite (see 5.43 of the 2008 edition), zeolite (see 5.44 of the 2008 edition), super compactor (see 5.54 of the 2008 edition), embedment (see 6.3 of the 2008 edition), encapsulation (see 6.4 of the 2008 edition), radioactive nuclide fixation (see 6.5 of the 2008 edition), solidified radioactive waste (see 6.7 of the 2008 edition), salt ash Ratio (see 6.14 of the 2008 edition), polymer impregnation solidification (see 6.16 of the 2008 edition), asphalt solidification (see 6.18), needle penetration (see 6.19 of the 2008 edition), scraper evaporator (see 6.20 of the 2008 edition), screw extruder (see 6.21 of the 2008 edition), polymer curing (see 6.22 of the 2008 edition), glass clinker (see 6.26 of the 2008 edition), glass Characteristic temperature (see 6.34 of the 2008 edition), glass composites (see 6.39 of the 2008 edition), artificial rocks (see 6.40), waste material performance identification (see 6.41 of the 2008 edition), outer packaging (see 7.5 of the 2008 edition), high-level sealed containers (see 7.6 of the 2008 edition), waste storage (see 7.14 of the 2008 edition), direct disposal (see 8.5 of the 2008 edition), on-site disposal (See 8.8 of the 2008 edition), deep well injection [disposal] (See 8.9 of the 2008 edition), anti-intrusion barriers (See 8.16), buffer zone (see 8.19 of the 2008 edition), fissure (see 8.21 of the 2008 edition), fault (see 8.22 of the 2008 edition), Vadose zone (see 8.23 of the 2008 edition), saturated zone (see 8.24 of the 2008 edition), surface water (see 8.25 of the 2008 edition), groundwater (see 8.26 of the 2008 edition), Water (see 8.26 of the 2008 edition), main rock (see 8.27 of the 2008 edition), chamber (in geological body) (see 8.28), granite (see 8.29 of the 2008 edition), tuff (see 8.30 of the 2008 edition), sedimentary rock (see 8.31), gneiss (see 8.32 of the 2008 edition), shale (see 8.33 of the 2008 edition), closed (see 8.34 of the 2008 edition), Before closure (see 8.36 of the 2008 edition), After closure (see 8.37 of the 2008 edition), Ore (see 9.1 of the 2008 edition), In-situ leaching (see 9.3 of the 2008 edition), waste rock seepage (see 9.6 of the 2008 edition), ore slime (see 9.7 of the 2008 edition), emanation (see 9.11 of the 2008 edition), emanation factor (see 9.12 of the 2008 edition), residence time (see 10.7 of the 2008 edition), aquifer (See 10.8 of the 2008 edition), water transfer coefficient (see 10.9 of the 2008 edition), permeability (see 10.10 of the 2008 edition), environmental Environmental impact assessment (see 10.13 of the 2008 edition), supervision (see 10.15 of the 2008 edition), opening (see 11.16 of the 2008 edition), interpretation Release (see 11.17 of the 2008 edition) and other 83 terms and definitions.

Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Nuclear Energy Standardization (SAC/TC58).

This document was drafted by: China Nuclear Industry Standardization Institute, China Institute of Radiation Protection, China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute, China Nuclear Power Engineering Group Co., Ltd.

Cheng Co., Ltd., China Institute of Atomic Energy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, and China National Nuclear Corporation Hospital.

The main drafters of this document are: Liu Fugui, Liu Lipo, Guo Xiliang, Cui Anxi, Jin Liqiang, Dong Fangfang, Yu Haoyang, Pan Jianjun, Gao Chao, Guo Jianxin, Zhao Suyu, Guo Lixiao, Zhang Xin, Hu Dongmei, Zhang Shengdong, Liu Tiejun, Zhang Hua, Wu Yao, Wang Xuan, Zheng Li, Zhou Duo, and Liu Yulong.

The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.

— First issued in 1996 as GB/T 4960.8-1996, first revised in 2008;

— This is the second revision.

Introduction

Terminology is the basis of standardization in a field. In order to standardize and unify a large number of terms in the field of nuclear science and technology, and improve communication efficiency, In order to ensure accuracy and efficiency, China has formulated and issued GB/T 4960 "Terms of Nuclear Science and Technology", which is planned to consist of 9 parts.

— Part 1: Nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry. The purpose is to define terms and definitions in nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry.

— Part 2: Fission reactors. The purpose is to define the terms and definition.

— Part 3: Nuclear fuel and nuclear fuel cycle. The purpose is to define the uranium mining and metallurgy, uranium conversion, fuel element design and manufacturing, etc. Terms and definitions.

— Part 4: Radionuclides. The purpose is to define the technical requirements of radionuclides and their applications in agriculture, industry, medicine, etc. Terms and definitions.

— Part 5: Radiation protection and radiation source safety. The purpose is to define the terms and definition.

— Part 6: Nuclear Instrumentation. The purpose is to define the terms and definitions of various types of instrumentation used in the nuclear industry.

— Part 7: Nuclear Material Control and Nuclear Safeguards. The purpose is to define terms and definitions related to nuclear material control.

— Part 8: Radioactive waste management. The purpose is to define terms and definitions related to radioactive waste management.

— Part 9: Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion. The purpose is to define the terms and definitions in the field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion.

With the development of nuclear science and technology, many new processes, new methods, new technologies, new understandings and new demands have emerged.

In order to reduce the synonymous and similar definitions of radioactive waste management terms and avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding of radioactive waste management terms, this GB/T 4960.8-2008.This document can play a unified and coordinating role and facilitate the communication of relevant work on radioactive waste management in China.

The document aims to meet the needs of radioactive waste management in China, unify and standardize the terms and definitions of radioactive waste management in China, and The terms and definitions should be coordinated and unified to achieve the goal of being in line with international standards and make them more scientific, reasonable and effective.

Nuclear Science and Technology Terminology Part 8: Radioactive waste management

1 Scope

This document defines the relevant terms and definitions for radioactive waste management.

This document applies to all activities related to radioactive waste management.

2 Normative references

This document has no normative references.

3 Basic Terminology