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GB/T 47964-2026Hydraulic machines, radial and axial - Methodology for performance transposition from model to prototype (English PDF)

径流和轴流式水力机械模型到原型水力性能换算方法

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Issued by

State Administration for Market Regulation

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

July 30, 2026

Implementation date

February 1, 2027

Scope

GB/T 47964-2026 is the English-translated version of 径流和轴流式水力机械模型到原型水力性能换算方法.

GB/T 47964-2026 — This document presents a method for determining prototype efficiency based on model test results. The conversion process takes into account the influence of surface roughness.

The scale effect within. This document applies to contract evaluation based on the results of hydraulic machinery model tests.

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Document preview — GB/T 47964-2026

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 27.140
Classification: K 55

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation

Preface
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms, Definitions, Units, Subscripts, and Symbols
3.1 Terms and Definitions
3.2 List of definitions categorized by topic
3.3 Subscripts and Symbols
3.5 Physical Quantities and Properties
3.6 Terminology for Flow Rate, Speed, and Rotational Speed
3.7 Pressure Terminology
3.8 Specific Energy Terminology
3.9 Head Terminology
3.10 Power and Torque Terminology
3.11 Efficiency Terminology
3.12 Fluid Dynamics and Scale Terminology
3.13 Dimensionless Terminology
4 Formula for the scale effect
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Convertible Losses
4.1.2 Basic Formula for Scale Effect of Hydraulic Friction Loss
4.2 Hydraulic specific energy efficiency
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Run-of-river hydraulic machinery
4.2.3 Axial-flow hydraulic machinery
4.3 Volumetric efficiency
4.4 Power Efficiency (Disk Friction Loss)
4.4.2 Axial-flow hydraulic machinery
5 Surface roughness of the model and prototype
5.1 General Rule
5.2 Surface Roughness Measurement
5.2.1 Process
5.2.2 Roughness of Model and Prototype
5.2.3 Measurement of Very Rough Surfaces
5.3 Surface roughness range
6 Standardized values of calculable losses and related parameters
6.1 Overview
6.2 Specific speed
6.3 Parameters for converting hydraulic specific energy efficiency
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Mixed-flow turbine
6.3.3 Water Pump Turbine
6.3.4 Axial-flow hydraulic machinery
6.4 Power efficiency (disc friction) conversion parameter
6.4.1 Mixed-flow turbine
6.4.2 Water pump and turbine
7 Prototype Conversion
7.1 General Rule
7.2 Expected maximum hydraulic efficiency
7.3 Hydraulic efficiency
7.4 Specific energy of hydraulic fluid
7.4.1 Turbine Operating Condition
7.4.2 Pump Operating Condition
7.5 Flow rate
7.5.1 Turbine Operating Condition
7.5.2 Pump Operating Condition
7.6 Torque
7.6.1 Turbine operating condition
7.6.2 Pump Operating Condition
7.7 Power
7.7.1 Turbine operating condition
7.7.2 Water pump operating condition
8 Calculation Program
8.1 Overview
8.2 Reference Model
8.4 Experimental Data Normalization Procedure. Step 1
8.5 Prototype Performance Conversion Procedure. Step 2
8.6 Optimal point conversion methods. One-step method
8.7 Required Input Data.
Appendix A (Informative) Basic Formulas and Approximate Expressions
A.1 Basic Definitions of Loss Components and Scale Effect
A.1.1 Overview
A.1.2 Loss Components and Efficiency Components
A.1.3 Similar working conditions
A.1.4 Performance Changes [7]
A.1.5 Convertible loss
A.2 Derivation and Simplified Approximation of the Scale Effect Formula
A.2.1 Convertible loss ratio deltaE of specific energy and hydraulic specific energy efficiency etaE
A.2.2 Conversion of hydraulic specific energy efficiency etaE
A.2.3 Conversion of Volumetric Efficiency etaQ
A.2.4 Conversion of Power Efficiency etaT (Disk Loss)
Appendix B (Informative) Scale Effect of Hydraulic Specific Energy Loss in Run-of-Flow Hydraulic Machinery
B.1 Scale effect of frictional loss
B.1.1 Scale effect of friction loss coefficient
B.2 Conversion of hydraulic specific energy efficiency of each component
B.2.1 Friction loss coefficients of each component [10]
B.2.2 Derivation of the formula for the scale effect of each component
B.3 Standardized Relative Convertible Hydraulic Specific Energy Loss of Run-of-Way Hydraulic Machinery
B.3.1 Definition
B.3.2 Standardized Relative Convertible Specific Energy Loss deltaE of Mixed-Flow Turbines
B.3.3 Standardized Relative Convertible Specific Energy Loss deltaE for Pump-Turbine Systems
B.4 Velocity factor kappauCO and size factor kappadCO of runoff hydraulic machinery [10]
B.4.1 Definition
B.4.2 Mixed-flow turbine kappauCO and kappadCO values
B.4.3 Pump-turbine kappauCO and kappadCO values
B.5 Standardized convertible loss index dECOref
B.5.1 Definition

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".

Drafting.

This document adopts IEC 62097:2019 "Methods for converting model to prototype hydraulic performance of runoff and axial flow hydraulic machinery".

The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this document.

---Corrected an editing error in the table numbering in section 6.3.1;

---Added notes about Excel workbooks.

Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.

This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Hydropower Turbines (SAC/TC175).

1 Scope

This document presents a method for determining prototype efficiency based on model test results. The conversion process takes into account the influence of surface roughness.

The scale effect within.

This document applies to contract evaluation based on the results of hydraulic machinery model tests.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.

For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.

This document.

IEC 60193 Acceptance tests on models of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pumps (Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps) Note. GB/T 15613-2023 Acceptance tests of water turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbine models (IEC 60193:2019, IDT)

3 Terms, definitions, units, subscripts and symbols

The following terms, definitions, units, subscripts and symbols as defined in IEC 60193 apply to this document.

This document uses the International System of Units (SI, see ISO 80000-4). All terms are in SI base units or related units derived therefrom.

(Representation 1). Using these units, the basic equation is valid. Any other units may be used only with the written agreement of both the supplier and the buyer.

Unit system.

Note. Special terms will be explained where they appear. Both the supplier and the buyer should clarify any disputed terms, definitions, or units of measurement before the trial.

3.1 Terms and Definitions

3.1.1

testpoint

Without changing the operating conditions and settings, it consists of one or more sets of continuous readings and/or records. It is sufficient to calculate the results under the operation.

Operating conditions and the performance of hydraulic machinery under different conditions.

3.1.2

test

A series of test points and results sufficient to determine the performance of hydraulic machinery within the specified operating range.

3.1.3

hydraulic performance Due to the action of water, hydraulic machinery exhibits various performance parameters.

......
This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 94 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Referenced standards

Normative references

GB/T 15613-2023Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines model acceptance tests

IEC 60193

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