GB/T 47722-2026Lifting appliances - Wind resistance and anti-slip technical specification (English PDF)

4.2 Management Requirements

4.2.1 Operators and managers of lifting machinery should possess wind resistance safety knowledge and management and operational capabilities.

4.2.2 The user unit shall establish a management ledger that reflects the actual usage of the lifting machinery. The ledger shall include, but is not limited to, the following.

a) Configuration and usage of wind-resistant devices;

b) Inspection, maintenance, and upkeep records of wind-resistant devices;

c) Personnel training records;

d) Wind-resistant measures, operating procedures, and emergency plans;

e) Records of wind resistance emergency response plan training and drills;

f) The rectification status of problems discovered during the drill;

g) Verify the record.

4.2.3 Typhoon resistance measures for lifting machinery shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 7, and gust resistance measures shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of 8.1.Upon receiving a report... Following a strong wind forecast, wind-resistant measures should be taken in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 7.

4.2.4 The typhoon resistance capability of lifting machinery should be verified through calculation, and the gust resistance capability of the wind-resistant device of the lifting machinery should meet the requirements of 8.2. Please verify.

4.2.5 When the anchoring device and wind-resistant stabilizing device fail in whole or in part, the lifting machinery shall be stopped from operation, and effective measures shall be taken to address the problem. The operating mechanism of heavy machinery shall be secured and maintained; when the trolley anchoring device cannot be anchored, effective measures shall be taken to secure the trolley. repair.

4.2.6 Existing lifting machinery with self-detachable split hinge support structures or similar features in its operating mechanism should be modified to eliminate the self-detachable split hinge support structure. Self-separating half-hinged shaft support structure.

4.2.7 For in-service lifting machinery designed for wind resistance and anti-slip capability at a working wind speed of 20 m/s, reasonable upgrades and modifications should be made to improve its performance. The wind resistance capability of lifting machinery; for lifting machinery with insufficient wind resistance capability and lacking the conditions for upgrading and retrofitting with wind-resistant and anti-slip capabilities, it is advisable to scrapped.

5.2 General Requirements

5.2.1 Typhoon-resistant devices should act directly on the lifting machinery to keep the machinery structure stationary. These devices mainly include various types of anchors. Fixed devices, anchor hook devices, wind-resistant cable devices, wind-resistant tie rod devices, and pitching and stabilizing devices, etc.

5.2.2 Anti-gust devices should directly act on all levels of components in the transmission shaft system or wheel-rail components of the lifting machinery, forming high-speed disc brakes and low-speed... Wheel brakes and rail brakes mainly include drum brakes, disc brakes, inertia brakes, wheel-side brakes (also known as "wheel clamps"), and top rail brakes. Rail clamps, rail clamps, anti-creep devices, wind-powered self-locking devices, and iron wedges, etc. Iron wedges are divided into manual iron wedges and electric iron wedges. Normally closed anti-gust devices should be... These are wind-resistant measures used during typhoons and sustained strong winds.

5.2.3 The wind speed alarm device includes equipment and facilities for receiving, measuring, and recording typhoon and gust information, as well as issuing early warnings and alarms. This mainly refers to anemometers with recording and warning functions.

5.2.4 The configuration of wind-resistant devices for lifting machinery should meet the wind resistance and anti-slip requirements of the lifting machinery. Under the design wind speed, it should ensure that the lifting machinery can operate safely and smoothly. Sliding and scrolling do not occur in the working state or the non-working state.

5.2.5 The wind-resistant devices and their support foundations of lifting machinery should be easy to inspect, maintain and use.

5.3.1 Anchoring Device

5.3.1.1 For anchoring devices operated by a lever handle, a counterweight should be appropriately installed on the handle, and the counterweight should be able to offset 80% to 90% of the force of the insert plate (pin). Due to its own weight, the maximum operating force of the handle should not exceed.200 N. The handle should operate smoothly and without jamming. The insertion plate (pin) should be fully inserted and lifted... All states should be equipped with locking pins to prevent accidental operation.

5.3.1.2 The anchoring device shall ensure the safety and reliability of the lifting machinery and its related components under the following conditions.

a) When the lifting machinery enters a non-working state and is anchored;

b) When the lifting machinery is in working condition, performing normal operations and anchoring;

c) When the lifting machinery is in operation and is in normal working condition, and encounters a sudden gust of wind exceeding the design working wind speed, anchoring is required.

5.3.1.3 The anchoring device insert plate should be secured by inserting wedge blocks into the anchoring pit support to prevent the lifting machinery from swaying or impacting. Basic deformation.

5.3.1.4 Under the action of strong wind vibration, the anchoring device insert (pin) should be equipped with a device to prevent the insert (pin) from automatically disengaging.

5.3.1.5 When the lifting machinery is equipped with an anchoring device, the anchoring foundation shall be able to independently withstand the horizontal component of the wind load when the crane is not in operation.

5.3.2 Wind-resistant stabilization device

5.3.2.1 Wind-resistant fixing devices should be arranged symmetrically along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the lifting machinery.

5.3.2.2 Rail-mounted lifting machinery shall be equipped with anchoring devices, especially for lifting machinery subjected to significant wind loads (such as quay container cranes). (e.g., cranes, bridge grab unloaders, rail-mounted container gantry cranes, shipbuilding gantry cranes, and portal cranes) should all be equipped with wind-resistant systems. A fixing device is used to resist the overturning and pulling force of the lifting machinery.

5.3.2.3 Large lifting machinery supported by tires (such as tire-mounted container gantry cranes, etc.) shall be equipped with wind-resistant cable devices to prevent overturning. Heavy machinery produces sliding and rolling.

5.3.2.4 The connection of the wind-resistant cable system shall be safe and reliable. When using wire rope, chain, and high-strength bolts for connection, they shall respectively comply with the following requirements. The provisions of GB/T 20118, GB/T 24816 and JB/T 9151.1.

5.3.2.5 The angle of the wind-resistant cable device should be designed reasonably, and most of the self-weight of the wind-resistant cable device should be supported by brackets or other means to reduce its weight. The quality of manual handling is improved, the number of operators is reduced, and rapid operation is achieved.

5.3.2.6 Telescopic wind-resistant tie rod devices with dust-proof requirements used in port dry bulk cargo terminals, coal and ore storage yards, shall have their telescopic rod sections... It is equipped with a dust suppression device.

5.3.3 End Stop Device The end stops on the track should be secure and reliable to prevent the lifting machinery from derailing. The end stops should be used in conjunction with the lifting machinery's buffers.

5.4 Anti-gust device

5.4.1 Anti-wind devices such as rail jacks, rail clamps, and wheel-side brakes of lifting machinery shall meet the requirements of JB/T 12984.

5.4.2 When manually operating the rail clamp, the maximum manual operating force should not exceed.200 N.

5.4.3 The traveling mechanism of lifting machinery shall be equipped with a wind-resistant device. The traveling mechanism shall be equipped with brakes, rail jacks, rail clamps, and wind-driven self-locking devices. Automatic power-off protection should be adopted for devices such as electric wedges and electric iron wedges.

5.4.4 In operation, the braking and release actions of the anti-gust device of the lifting machinery should be interlocked with the operating mechanism.

5.4.5 In non-working conditions, if the wind-resistant and anti-slip design of the lifting machinery only uses brakes, rail jacks, rail clamps, anti-climb devices, and wind-powered self-closing mechanisms... The braking and releasing actions of locking devices and wind-resistant devices such as iron wedges should be interlocked with the operating mechanism.

5.4.6 Except for manually controlled anti-gust devices, other anti-gust devices should be operable from the control room or locally on the lifting machinery.

5.4.7 When the lifting machinery is equipped with only an anti-gust device but no anchoring device, the anti-gust device shall be able to withstand the following conditions when the lifting machinery is not in operation. Maximum non-working wind load; when the anti-gust device cannot meet the wind resistance and anti-slip requirements under non-working conditions, anchoring devices and Other forms of wind-resistant devices, such as wind-resistant stabilization devices.

5.4.8 It shall be ensured that the running track of the lifting machinery meets the requirements of Grade 2 tolerance in GB/T 10183.1-2018.

5.4.9 Iron wedges should be arranged symmetrically along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the lifting machinery.

5.5 Wind speed alarm device

5.5.1 The wind speed alarm device shall have the functions of displaying instantaneous wind speed values, triggering an alarm, and storing the wind speed values at the time of the alarm. The anemometer for lifting machinery shall have... It has a wind speed display and an alarm function of at least level 2.

a) When the wind speed reaches 15 m/s, or at other alarm wind speeds determined based on the wind resistance and anti-slip capability of the lifting machinery, an audible and visual alarm can be triggered. The warning signal alerts the driver;

b) When the wind speed reaches 20 m/s, or other wind speeds at which operation must cease as determined by the wind resistance and anti-slip capability of the lifting machinery, it can simultaneously Use lights, sounds, or other clear warning signs to alert the driver to stop working.

5.5.2 Emergency power supply should be provided for wind speed alarm devices.

5.5.3 In coastal ports, inland river ports, shipyards, areas with large-scale crane fleets, and areas prone to gusts of wind, it is advisable to... One to three reference anemometers should be installed in each of the 1-3 open areas at a height of 10 m above the ground. The reference anemometers should be periodically inspected or calibrated, and should be used in accordance with... The reference anemometer calibrates the anemometers installed on the lifting machinery.

5.5.4 In locations where multiple lifting machines operate simultaneously, the wind speed values collected by the anemometers of each lifting machine should be simultaneously accessible in the central control room. Display and compare the values; if any abnormal changes are found, timely assessment and appropriate measures should be taken.

6.1 General Requirements

6.1.1 Safety verification calculations for wind resistance and anti-slip properties of various types of lifting machinery should be performed in both working and non-working states, including both working and non-working states. Operating conditions include loaded, downwind, and downhill operation.

6.1.2 When performing wind resistance and anti-slip safety calculations for lifting machinery in its working state, only the horizontal wind force along the track direction is considered, and the windward force is calculated. The area should only consider the windward area along the track direction. For rotary cranes, the maximum possible windward area should be used for calculation. Wind area. The values for calculating wind pressure should comply with the provisions of GB/T 3811.

6.1.3 When performing verification calculations, the wind resistance, anti-slip properties, and anti-overturning properties of the lifting machinery under non-working conditions should be considered simultaneously. Generally, the anti-overturning property is used to determine the crane's performance. The machine is in a stopped state, and then the horizontal wind force under this condition is calculated to determine the design load of the wind-resistant device, but overturning resistance is generally not considered. The device also provides additional protection against wind and slipping.

6.1.4 The wind resistance and anti-slip safety verification of rail-mounted tower cranes shall comply with the provisions of

4.5.3 in GB/T 13752-2017.

6.2 Safety verification calculation for wind resistance and anti-slip properties under working conditions

6.2.1 General Provisions

6.2.1.1 When performing wind resistance and anti-slip safety verification calculations for lifting machinery, if the braking force generated by various wind-resistant devices in the lifting machinery's operating mechanism... If the algebraic sum of the frictional resistance is greater than the algebraic sum of the wind load, the sliding force caused by the slope, and the inertial force experienced by the lifting machinery, then it is considered... The wind resistance and anti-slip safety of this lifting machinery are qualified.

6.2.1.2 For rail-mounted lifting machinery other than tower cranes, the wind resistance and anti-slip safety verification under working conditions includes three types of work... The situations include sudden stops during crane operation, sudden gusts of wind during non-operation of the crane's operating mechanism, and sudden changes in the crane's operating mechanism during operation. Gust-force wind conditions.

7.1 Safety precautions before a typhoon

7.1.1 Before the typhoon season, wind-resistant devices should be regularly inspected and maintained. During the typhoon season, the frequency of inspections and maintenance should be increased. Furthermore, appropriate wind-resistant measures should be taken based on comprehensive information such as weather forecasts, wind speed from an anemometer on lifting machinery, and on-site weather observations.

7.1.2 Upon receiving a typhoon forecast, the user unit should immediately activate the relevant typhoon-resistance emergency plan. Before the typhoon makes landfall, the user unit should prepare lifting equipment... Inspect key areas and wind-resistant devices of the machinery, including but not limited to.

a) The integrity and reliability of the wind-resistant devices;

b) The robustness of moving and oscillating parts;

c) Whether various unsecured parts, railings, and protective covers on the lifting machinery need to be reinforced;

d) The effectiveness of power supply and communication lines;

e) Sensitivity of the anemometer;

f) The reliability and sealing of equipment and facilities such as computer rooms, electrical rooms, driver's cabs, and outdoor electrical cabinets;

g) Reliability of connections for equipment and facilities such as lighting fixtures, lightning rods, signs, doors, windows and glass.

7.1.3 After deploying wind-resistant measures for lifting machinery, the operating power should be cut off, while the power supply to the wind speed alarm device and monitoring device should be kept on.

7.2 Typhoon Response Measures

7.2.1 Mobile cranes and railway cranes Mobile cranes (such as truck cranes, all-terrain cranes, crawler cranes, and tire cranes) and railway cranes adopt... Wind resistance measures include, but are not limited to, the following.

a) Lifting machinery should be moved to a safe parking area, and the safe distance specified by the equipment manufacturer should be maintained between each piece of lifting machinery;

b) The telescopic boom should be retracted to the driving position (if applicable), and the truss boom should be placed on the ground or extended to a safe angle;

c) The hoisting mechanism spreader should be retracted or placed in the designed wind-resistant position and kept locked;

d) The traveling mechanism of the lifting machinery should be kept locked to prevent slippage;

e) The traveling mechanism of lifting machinery should be equipped with wind-resistant devices, such as iron wedges, and the traveling mechanism should be fixed.

7.2.2 Tower Crane Wind-resistant measures for tower cranes (such as stationary tower cranes and rail-mounted tower cranes) include, but are not limited to, the following. The following content.

a) Unnecessary hanging or falling objects should be removed from the structural components above the tower body. If necessary, the tower crane should be lowered to a safe position. high;

b) Rail-mounted tower cranes should be moved to their anchoring positions and anchored, while simultaneously activating wind-resistant stabilization devices (if applicable), and the traveling platform should be... The vehicle must be secured and should not slide.

c) Inspect anchor bolts, foundation sections, standard sections, and wall-mounted embedded bolts for any looseness, and check the pins at each location. Check the tightness and reliability of the shaft and cotter pins; if any problems are found, adjust them immediately.

d) For tower cranes whose instruction manual requires the jacking frame to be lowered, it should be lowered to the lowest possible position and securely fixed.

e) Inspect the slewing mechanism and engage the slewing brake;

f) The luffing trolley is retracted to the predetermined position required by the instruction manual, and the hook is raised to the highest position;

g) Close the driver's cab doors and windows and keep them sealed.

7.2.3 Boom Crane

7.2.3.1 Rail-mounted jib cranes (such as gantry cranes, semi-gantry cranes, gantry cranes, and rail-mounted high tower cranes) The wind-resistant and anti-slip measures taken by (etc.) include, but are not limited to, the following.

a) The lifting machinery should be moved to the anchoring position and anchored.

b) Grab buckets, container spreaders, or other lifting devices used on lifting machinery should be removed or secured according to the design wind resistance requirements, and the hook should be raised. To the designed wind-resistant location.

c) Retract the luffing mechanism of the lifting machinery to the wind-resistant position (the boom radius of a combined boom gantry crane should be adjusted to 2/3 of its maximum). (The angle, or the angle specified in the design requirements), the brake or wire rope should be kept locked, and the counterweight of the luffing mechanism should be fixed.

d) The anchoring devices of the crane's running mechanism should be locked, and the wind-resistant fastening devices should be connected and tightened to ensure they are in a wind-resistant state.

e) The lifting machinery should be kept anchored, and all typhoon-resistant and gust-resistant devices should be activated to secure the position of the operating mechanism. It is fixed and does not slide or roll.

f) For boom cranes that allow the slewing mechanism to rotate freely, the safe distance between each crane should not be less than 50 m, or according to the anti-tying standard. The wind design requires maintaining a specified distance to ensure the boom does not collide when at its maximum amplitude; simultaneously, release the slewing brake to keep it at a safe distance. In wind-resistant condition.

g) For boom cranes where the slewing mechanism is not allowed to rotate freely, the safe distance between each crane should not be less than 15 m; at the same time, Lower the slewing anchoring device and lock the slewing brake.

h) For boom cranes whose boom head can be placed on the ground and which do not allow the slewing mechanism to rotate freely and which use wire rope luffing (such as rail cranes) For tower cranes (high-tower cranes), the boom head should be grounded and secured during storms.

7.2.3.2 Wind-resistant measures for tire-supported boom cranes (such as tire-mounted tower cranes) include, but are not limited to, the following. content.

a) The lifting machinery should be moved to a wind-resistant and safe location;

b) The boom of the lifting machinery should be retracted to a wind-resistant position, or lowered to the ground or support position and secured as required by design, and the hook should be raised. To the designed wind-resistant location;

c) For lifting machinery with outriggers, the outriggers should be extended and lowered to the ground;

d) The slewing brake should be locked and the slewing anchoring device should be activated;

7.2.5 Gantry Crane

7.2.5.1 Rail-mounted gantry cranes (such as general-purpose gantry cranes, shipbuilding gantry cranes, quay container cranes, and bridge grab unloaders) Wind-resistant measures adopted by ship machinery, rail-mounted container gantry cranes, and semi-gantry cranes, etc., include, but are not limited to, the following.

a) Lifting machinery should be moved to the anchoring position for anchoring. For automated terminals and yards, "one-click anchoring" devices or electric anchoring systems are recommended. Wind-resistant tie rod devices and other wind-resistant devices suitable for automated lifting machinery.

b) All braking devices of the crane's operating mechanism should be locked, and wind-resistant fixing devices (if any) should be connected.

c) The load constraints on detachable grabs, container spreaders, beam spreaders, or other lifting devices of the lifting machinery shall be released, and the hook shall be raised to the designated position. The wind-resistant position or the highest position should be considered; for non-removable lifting equipment equipped with anti-sway wire ropes, the anti-sway wire ropes should be tightened.

d) Move the crane trolley to a wind-resistant position and anchor and secure it (if applicable).

e) For lifting machinery equipped with a slewing trolley (such as rail-mounted container gantry cranes for railways and fixed cranes for port container gates) For container gantry cranes, etc., the slewing mechanism of the lifting trolley should be equipped with an anchoring device and anchored.

f) For lifting machinery with an independently operating driver's cab or other moving parts, the driver's cab and moving parts should be moved to a wind-resistant position, and Appropriate anchoring measures should be adopted; at the same time, the driver's cab should be equipped with anti-fall devices such as chains.

g) For lifting machinery equipped with wind-resistant devices such as rail clamps, rail clips, wind-powered self-locking devices, and iron wedges, all wind-resistant devices should be activated simultaneously. Device.

h) For lifting machinery with a tiltable front beam (such as quay container cranes, bridge grab unloaders, etc.), the front beam is tilted up to resist... The wind position should be checked and the pitch and yaw bracing should be tightened, or other wind-resistant measures agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user should be adopted.

i) For lifting machinery where the trolley is powered by cable trolleys or cable chains, or by a mobile driver's cab, it is advisable to use cable trolleys... Vehicles, cable chains, and other components should be protected from the wind or secured with straps.

8.1 Measures to combat gusts of wind

8.1.1 Given the difficulty in accurately forecasting gusts, during seasons with frequent gusts, close attention should be paid to gust warnings issued by meteorological departments.

8.1.2 During seasons with frequent gusts of wind, the wind-resistant measures taken include, but are not limited to, the following.

a) When the gust of wind reaches the set warning wind speed during normal operation of the lifting machinery, the operator should stop the operation and activate the equipment on site. Wind-resistant devices, such as brakes, rail clamps, rail clips, anti-climb devices, wind-powered self-locking devices, and iron... Wedge, etc.; the lifted load is placed on the ground; for boom-type cranes or cranes equipped with booms, the boom should be immediately retracted to the wind-resistant radius; the trolley should be moved. Move to the wind-resistant position and lock the brakes, anchoring devices, and other wind-resistant equipment.

b) For lifting machinery used for installing heavy components, if there are wind speed requirements, the operation should be carried out according to those requirements; if there are no wind speed requirements... If wind speed requirements are in place, operations should be suspended and appropriate measures should be taken in adverse weather conditions such as winds of

10.8 m/s or higher.

c) For cranes performing heavy cargo handling operations at ports, if there are wind speed requirements, they should be followed; otherwise... Operational wind speed requirements. When the wind speed exceeds 15 m/s, loading and unloading operations should be stopped and appropriate measures should be taken.

d) When lifting machinery is temporarily stopped, measures should be taken to resist gusts of wind, such as braking the running mechanism, jacking the rails, clamping the rails, and placing iron wedges. Anchor nearby.

e) After the lifting operation is completed and the operation has stopped, the rail-mounted lifting machinery should be moved to its anchored position or typhoon-proof anchor position. ...